Volume 12, (2020)

• Single-Atom Catalysts for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

  Zonghua Pu1, 2, Ibrahim Saana Amiinu2, Ruilin Cheng2, Pengyan Wang2, Chengtian Zhang2, Shichun Mu2, *,Weiyue Zhao3, Fengmei Su4, Gaixia Zhang1, *, Shijun Liao3, *, Shuhui Sun1, *	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 21
  First Online: 13 January 2020 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0349-y

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    a Pt SACs are uniformly distributed on the FeOx and b directly occupy the positions of the Fe atoms. c, d A mixture of SACs (in white circles), 2D Pt rafts consisting of less than ten Pt atoms (in black circles) and the size of 3D Pt clusters about 1 nm or less (white squares) are seen clearly. e DFT model of Pt1/FeOx.
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    a Schematic illustrations of Pt ALD mechanism on graphene nanosheets. b-g present the results with (b, c) 50, (d, e) 100, and (f, g) 150 ALD cycles. h Schematic illustration of the Pt ALD mechanism on NGNs. HAADF-STEM images of ALDPt/NGNs samples with i 50 and j 100 ALD cycles.
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    a The schematic illustrations of Co SAs/N-C. b TEM, c, d HAADF-STEM images of Co SAs/N-C(800). e LSV of Co SAs/N-C, Co NPs-N/C, and Pt/C in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH solutions. f Preparation of (Fe, Co)/N-C. g HAADF-STEM of (Fe, Co)/N-C. h Corresponding intensity profiles obtained on the zoomed areas in panel g. i Corresponding EELS mapping of Co, Fe, and N. j Schematic formation process of Co-N4 and Co-N2. k EXAFS spectra confirm the atomic dispersion of Co atoms in Co-N2, Co-N3 and Co-N4. l LSVs of Co-N2, Co-N3, Co-N4 and Co NPs.
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    a The synthetic process of ISAS-Co/HNCS. b TEM and c AC-HAADF-STEM images of ISAS-Co/HNCS. d HAADF-STEM image and corresponding EDX element mapping of ISAS-Co/HNCS. e ORR polarization curves.
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    a Schematic illustration, b TEM, c HAADF-STEM image of Co-N5/HNPCSs. d AC-HAADF-STEM and magnified images of Co-N5/HNPCSs. e LSV curves.
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    a Schematic illustration of Pt nanoparticle to Pt SACs. b Schematic illustration of Pd nanoparticle to Pd SACs and structural characterizations of Pd SACs. c Scheme of Ni NPs to Ni SACs transformation and structural characterizations. d Schematic of the synthesis of Cu-SACs/N-C.
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    a Schematic illustration of the iced-photochemical process. AC-HAADF-STEM images of b Ag SACs and c Au SACs. d-f Structural characterizations of Pd1/TiO2.
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    a The synthetic procedure of the Co-NG material. b SEM, c TEM and d cross-section SEM image of Co-NG nanosheets. e Bright-field aberration-corrected STEM image of the Co-NG. f HAADF-STEM image of the Co-NG. g The enlarged view of the selected area in f.
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    a Fe K-edge XANES and b FT EXAFS signals for FeN4/GN, FePc, Fe foil, and Fe2O3. XANES spectra at the Co K-edge of c Co3O4, Co foil, CoO, and Co-N5/HNPCSs, d Co-N5/HNPCSs-T (inset is the magnified image), e FT at R space, f schematic model, C (gray), N (blue), Co (wathet), and H (white).
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    a Preparation process of Ru SAs@PN. b Polarization curves of the samples. c The synthetic process for the Ru-N/G-750. d Polarization curves of Ru-N/G-750, Fe-N/G-750 and Pt/C in O2-saturated 0.1 M HClO4 solutions. e Scheme of the synthetic procedure for Ru SAs/N-C. f Current densities for NH3 production.
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    a Illustration of the preparation process of Ru3/CN. b Conversion (%) of 2-aminobenzylalcohol versus time for Ru3/CN, Ru1/CN, Ru NPs/CN and commercial Ru/C. c Schematic illustration of the hydrogenation. d Ru K-edge FT-EXAFS spectra. e HAADF-STEM image of Ru/LDH. f Possible reaction pathway for CO2 hydrogenation to produce formic acid with a Ru/LDH catalyst.
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    a The synthetic process of Pt@PCM. b Element mapping images of Pt@PCM. Polarization curves of samples in c 0.5 M H2SO4 and d 1.0 M KOH solutions. e The formation of Pt-GDY1 and Pt-GDY2. f AC-HAADF–STEM images for PtGDY2. g Elemental mapping for Pt-GDY2. (h) The polarization curves for Pt-GDY2, Pt-GDY1, and c Pt/C in acidic solution.
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    a TEM and b HAADF-STEM images of Pt-MoS2. c Magnified domain with red dashed rectangle in b. d Polarization curves for bulk MoS2, FL-MoS2, Pt-MoS2, and 40% Pt/C. e Schematic illustration of the spontaneous MoS2/Pd (II) redox reaction. f Dark-field STEM image of the 1% Pd–MoS2. g Polarization curves of 1% Pd-MoS2/CP, 1% Pd-MoS2, pure MoS2, 1% Pd-C, and 20% Pt/C.
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    a The polarization curves of Co-G, NG, Co-NG and commercial Pt/C in acidic solutions. b Polarization curves for the Co-NG before and after 1,000 CV cycles in acidic and alkaline solutions, respectively. c The preparation and activation process of the Ni-C materials. d Polarization curves before and after activation at a constant potential. e CVs of HCl-Ni@C. f Polarization curves for A-Ni-C, HCl-Ni@C, and Pt/C catalysts.
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    a Schematic illustration for the synthesis of Fe/GD and Ni/GD. AC-HAADF-STEM images of b Ni/GD and c Fe/GD. d Polarization curves of CC, Ni/GD, GDF, Fe/GD, and Pt/C. e The chemisorption energy of H for HER performance related to the free energy profile (ΔG).
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    a The formation process of W SACs. b TEM and c AC-HAADF-STEM images of the W SACs. d Atomic structure model of the W SACs. e Polarization curves for the W SACs. f TEM image of the Mo1N1C2, the insert is SAED pattern. g EDS maps for Mo1N1C2 material. h HRTEM and i AC-HAADF-STEM images of the Mo1N1C2. j Mo K-edge FT-EXAFS fitting curves of the Mo1N1C2. k Atomic structure model of the Mo1N1C2. l Polarization curves for the Mo1N1C2, MoN, Mo2C, and 20% Pt/C. m Polarization curves for the Mo1N1C2 before and after 1,000 CV cycles. n Gibbs free energy for H* adsorption for Mo2C, Mo1N1C2, and MoN. o The calculated DOS of the Mo1N1C2.

• Hierarchical N-doped Porous Carbons for Zn-air Batteries and Supercapacitors

  Beibei Guo1, 3, Ruguang Ma1, Zichuang Li1, Shaokui Guo1, Jun Luo3, Minghui Yang2, 4, Qian Liu1, 2, Tiju Thomas5, Jiacheng Wang1, 3, *	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 20
  First Online: 10 January 2020 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0364-z

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    Schematic representation of the preparation of N-doped porous carbon (NPC) via a mechanochemical route
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    a, b SEM, and c TEM images of NPC-1000; d-f SEM image of NPC-1000 and corresponding elemental mapping images of C and N
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    a XRD patterns and b Raman spectra of different NPCs; c nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms of NPC-1000 (inset: pore-size distribution); d XPS spectra, and e, f high-resolution N1s and C1s spectra of NPC-1000
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    a Cyclic voltammograms (CVs), b ORR polarization curves (sweep rate: 10 mV s-1; rotation speed: 1600 rpm) of the as-prepared catalysts in an O2-saturated 0.1-M KOH electrolyte; c Tafel plots derived from b; d comparison of the onset (Eonset) and half-wave (E1/2) potentials of different catalysts; e LSV curves of NPC-1000 at different rotation speeds (insert shows the corresponding Koutecky−Levich plots); f peroxide yield and electron-transfer number of the as-prepared catalysts at various potentials based on the RRDE data
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    a Schematic illustration of the Zn–air battery with NPC-1000 as the air cathode; b image of the ZAB with a measured open-circuit voltage of 1.43 V; c discharge polarization curves and corresponding power-density plots; d, e charge/discharge cycling at 10 mA cm-2 (0.5 h for each cycle) for a rechargeable ZAB with NPC-1000 and NiFe-LDH as the air-cathode; f image of a Bluetooth headset powered by four ZABs in series
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    a CV curves at 50 mV s-1, b GCD curves at 0.5 A g-1, c variations in the specific capacitances at different current densities and d Nyquist plots of NPC-700, NPC-800, NPC-1000, and NPC-1100 in a 6-M KOH electrolyte; e cycling performance of NPC-800 at a current density of 10 A g-1; f deconvolution of the charge contribution as a function of the scan rate

• Biomimic Vein-like Transparent Conducting Electrodes with Low Sheet Resistance and Metal Consumption

  Guobin Jia1, *, Jonathan Plentz1, Andrea Dellith1, Christa Schmidt1, Jan Dellith1, Gabriele Schmidl1, Gudrun Andrä1	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 19
  First Online: 10 January 2020 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0359-9

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    a Architecture of a Magnolia liliiflora leaf vein network. b Scheme illustrating the bi-directional transport process in the leaf veins. c Current collection in solar cells by the front grid. d Demonstration of water transport from the blade (immersed in water) to the midrib through the capillaries and subsequently drops down outside the petri dish at the petiole (Video S1). e Water is collected from the petiole to the midrib, transported through the capillaries in the midrib to the leaf tip and drops down (Video S2)
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    a A micrograph of Magnolia liliiflora leaf vein (MLLV). b A micrograph of the 30 min electroless Cu-plated MLLV; scale bars for both a and b: 500 µm. c The Rsh (black) and Cu consumption on the veins (magenta) versus plating time. d Optical transmission of the pure and as-plated veins with different plating times and after annealing. A transmission spectrum of 100 nm ITO deposited on 0.7 mm Borofloat glass for comparison. e XRD measurements of the as-plated and annealed Cu layers. f A summary of the recently developed TCEs based on perforated networks with a Rsh of below 10 Ω □-1 and an optical transmission (at 550 nm) of around 80%
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    Encapsulation by electroplating of Ag on Cu-plated veins. a SEM images of electroplated Ag on a Cu-plated Populus × canescens leaf vein network. b Details on the midrib. c Ag dendrites grown on the midrib. d Secondary electron (SE) image at the cross section of the midrib. e EDX mapping of the carbon Kα-line at the cross section of the midrib. f EDX mapping of the Cu Kα-line. g EDX mapping of the Ag Lα-line. h Mixed colour EDX mapping of the three elements and the SE image.
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    Demonstration of high-current-density transport capability. a The 30 min as-plated MLLV is connected between the cables. b A bulb (40 W & 230 V) shines if the switch is tuned on. c) Photograph taken as the applied current of 1 A was passing through the Cu-plated vein
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    The image a illustrates the experimental setup of the bending tests, and b is a photograph of the sample soldered between two pieces of circuit boards and fixed on a piece of paper as mechanical support. The right figure c shows the normalized resistance (to the value measured at the bending angle of 0°) of a copper plated MLLV measured during bending tests with different bending radii and angles

• Highly Efficient Photoelectrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Methanol by a p-n Heterojunction CeO2/CuO/Cu Catalyst

  Zhengbin Pan1, 2, #, Ershuan Han1, 2, #, Jingui Zheng2, Jing Lu2, Xiaolin Wang2, Yanbin Yin2, Geoffrey I.N. Waterhouse2, 3, *, Xiuguo Wang1, *, Peiqiang Li2, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 18
  First Online: 09 January 2020 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0354-1

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    The PEC cell for CO2 reduction
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    Charge separation under an applied the voltage in the p-n junction flower-like CeO2 NPs/CuO NPs system
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    Proposed mechanisms for a PC CO2 reduction, and b PEC CO2 reduction on the flower-like CeO2 NPs/CuO NPs composite catalyst. The mechanism of EC CO2 reduction is shown in Scheme 2
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    SEM images of CuO NPs at a low magnification and (a1) high magnification. (a2) Particle size distribution for CuO NPs. SEM images for flower-like CeO2 NPs at b low magnification and (b1) high magnification. c XRD patterns for CuO NPs and flower-like CeO2 NPs/CuO NPs. d HRTEM image of CeO2 NPs. The inset shows a high magnification image, revealing lattice fringes characteristic for CeO2
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    a UV-vis absorbance spectra for CuO NPs and flower-like CeO2 NPs/CuO NPs. Tauc plots for b CuO NPs and c flower-like CeO2 NPs/CuO NPs. d Mott-Schottky plots for flower-like CeO2 NPs/CuO NPs
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    XPS characterization of the flower-like CeO2 NPs/CuO NPs composite catalyst. a Cu 2p region, b O 1s region, and c Ce 3d region
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    a Instantaneous photocurrent density of catalyst, b VB photoemission spectrum (solid line) and Gaussian fit (dashed line) of catalyst
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    a Linear sweep voltammetry curves for different electrodes under light illumination and in the dark. The data were collected in a 0.1 mol L-1 KHCO3 solution, under N2 or CO2 purging. b Photoelectric conversion efficiencies for different electrodes. c The methanol concentration at different potentials following 6.5 h of light illumination for the CeO2 NPs/CuO NPs catalyst. d The methanol concentration after 6.5 h for PEC, EC and PC reduction of CO2 at -1.0 V. e Faradaic efficiency for CO2 reduction to methanol under PEC, EC, and PC conditions at -1.0 V

• Hierarchical Porous RGO/PEDOT/PANI Hybrid for Planar/Linear Supercapacitor with Outstanding Flexibility and Structural Stability

  Fuwei Liu1, 2, Luoyuan Xie1, Li Wang1, Wei Chen3, Wei Wei4, Xian Chen1, Shaojuan Luo5, Lei Dong6, Qilin Dai7, Yang Huang1, *, Lei Wang1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 17
  First Online: 04 January 2020 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0342-5

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    Fabrication process of hierarchical and porous RGO/PEDOT/PANI hybrid
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    a, b Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of porous RGO/PEDOT framework at different scales. c−f SEM of hierarchical and porous RGO/PEDOT/PANI hybrid with different electrodeposition durations of PANI: 5, 10, 15, and 20 min
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    a CV curves of GO/PEDOT:PSS, RGO/PEDOT, and RGO/PEDOT/PANI at 50 mV s−1. b CD curves of GO/PEDOT:PSS, RGO/PEDOT, and RGO/PEDOT/PANI at 1 A g−1. c Nyquist plots of GO/PEDOT:PSS, RGO/PEDOT, and RGO/PEDOT/PANI. d CV curves of RGO/PEDOT/PANI at different scan rates. e CD curves of RGO/PEDOT/PANI at different current densities. f Cycle stabilities of RGO/PEDOT/PANI hybrid at 5 A g−1
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    a XRD patterns, b FTIR spectra, c Raman spectra, d Uv−Vis spectra, and e XPS full spectra of GO/PEDOT:PSS, RGO/PEDOT, and RGO/PEDOT/PANI. f N 1s spectra of RGO/PEDOT/PANI
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    a CV curves of planar solid-state SC at different scan rates. b CD curves of the planar device at different current densities. c Cycle stabilities of the device at 5 A g−1. d Photographs of the compact and flexible SC, with a thickness of 141 μm. e Capacitance retention at different bending angles. f Ragone plots of our SC device and its comparison with other devices: Cr2O3/GO/PANI, PANI NFs/FrGO, RGO/CuO/PANI, CNT/PANI, CNF/PANI, HPC/PANI, PANI/MWCNT, RGO/MnO2@PANI, grapheme//MGC, activated carbon//MnO2, MnO-RGO//FC, activated carbon//NaMnO2
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    SEM images of the cotton electrode at different scales: a−c pristine state, d−f modified with RGO/PEDOT, g−i modified with RGO/PEDOT/PANI hybrid
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    a Schematic diagram of the linear SC device. b Cross-section SEM images of the linear device based on RGO/PEDOT/PANI modified cotton yarn. c The linear device can be stretched, bended, twisted or knotted arbitrarily without damaging its integrity, while continuously powering a digital watch. d Ragone plots of our linear SC and its comparison with other linear devices. e Three SCs connected in series can easily power a digital watch for at least half an hour

• Graphitic Carbon Quantum Dots Modified Nickel Cobalt Sulfide as Cathode Materials for Alkaline Aqueous Batteries

  Yirong Zhu1, Jingying Li1, Xiaoru Yun1, Ganggang Zhao2, Peng Ge2, Guoqiang Zou2, Yong Liu3, Hongshuai Hou2, *, Xiaobo Ji2	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 16
  First Online: 04 January 2020 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0355-0

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    Schematic illustration of the synthetic processes of the CQDs, the N,S-CQDs/NiCo2S4 composite cathode and N-rGO/Fe2O3 composite anode
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    Digital photograph of a Super P powders, b CQDs powders, and c CQDs aqueous solution with a concentration of 1 mg mL-1. d XRD pattern, e FTIR spectroscopy, f Raman spectroscopy, g XPS survey spectrum, h high-resolution C 1s spectrum, i, j TEM images, and HRTEM image (inset of Fig. 2j) of CQDs
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    a-c FESEM images, d, e TEM images, f HRTEM image, g EDS spectrum, and h corresponding elemental mappings of Ni, Co, S, C, and N elements of the N,S-CQDs/NiCo2S4 composite
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    a XRD patterns, b Raman spectra of the pristine NiCo2S4 and N,S-CQDs/NiCo2S4 composite. XPS high-resolution spectra of c Ni 2p, d Co 2p, e S 2p, f C 1s, and g N 1s of the N,S-CQDs/NiCo2S4 composite. h TG curves, and i Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms of the N,S-CQDs/NiCo2S4 composite
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    a CV curves at various scan rates of the N,S-CQDs/NiCo2S4 electrode. b Ex-situ XRD measurement of the N,S-CQDs/NiCo2S4 electrode during different electrochemical steps. c The fitting lines of log (scan rate, mV s-1)-log (ip, A), d i/ν1/2–ν1/2, and e the charge contribution of the pristine NiCo2S4 and N,S-CQDs/NiCo2S4 electrodes. f GCD curves at various current densities of the N,S-CQDs/NiCo2S4 electrode. g The rate performances, h cycling performances, and i EIS plots of the pristine NiCo2S4 and N,S-CQDs/NiCo2S4 electrodes
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    a FESEM image, b TEM image, c HRTEM image, d EDS spectrum, and e corresponding elemental mappings of Fe, O, C, and N elements of the N-rGO/Fe2O3 composite. f XRD patterns, and g Raman spectra of the pristine Fe2O3 and N-rGO/Fe2O3 composite. XPS high-resolution spectra of h Fe 2p, i C 1s, and j N 1s of the N-rGO/Fe2O3 composite. k TG curves, and l Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms of the N-rGO/Fe2O3 composite
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    a CV curves at various scan rates of the N-rGO/Fe2O3 electrode. b Ex-situ XRD measurement of the N-rGO/Fe2O3 electrode during different electrochemical steps. c GCD curves at various current densities of the N-rGO/Fe2O3 electrode. d The rate performances, e cycling performances, and f EIS plots of the pristine Fe2O3 and N-rGO/Fe2O3 electrodes
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    a CV curves, b GCD curves, c Ragone plots, and d cycling performance of the N,S-CQDs/NiCo2S4//N-rGO/Fe2O3 device

• Recent Advances in Tumor Microenvironment Hydrogen Peroxide Responsive Materials for Cancer Photodynamic Therapy

  Nan Yang1 , Wanyue Xiao1, Xuejiao Song1, *, Wenjun Wang2, Xiaochen Dong1, 3, *	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 15
  First Online: 03 January 2020 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0347-0

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    Summary of H2O2-responsive materials for enhanced photodynamic therapy
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    a Schematic representation of the formation of HMCP nanoparticles. b HMCP was added at different pH values to generate oxygen in H2O2 solution (100×10-6 M). The decrease in oxygen concentration in the sample at pH 7.4 (after about 150 s) is due to the rapid consumption of H2O2. c Representative immunofluorescence images of tumor sections after hypoxia staining. Hypoxic areas and blood vessels were stained with anti-pipemole antibody (green) and anti-CD31 antibody (red). d Scheme of the disintegration of HMCP nanoparticles by in situ chemical reaction in the TME for synergistic PDT and chemotherapy.
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    a Schematic diagram of MDSP NPs manufacturing. b Schematic illustration of MDSP NPs for TME responsive chemo/photodynamic therapy. c Tumor growth curves of differently treated mice (6 mice/group). d Tumor photographs collected from mice in different treatment groups.
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    a Porphyrin metal-organic framework nanoparticle aMMTm was constructed by drug loading, MnO2 coating and tumor cell membrane decoration. b The proposed mechanism of action of aMMTm in mouse tumor model. Tumor cell membrane camouflage can help the early removal of nanoparticles and target tumor through homotypic affinity. At tumor site, MnO2 shell reacts with GSH in the microenvironment or tumor cells, consuming excess GSH and enhancing the action of PDT. Simultaneously produced Mn2+ can be used as MRI contrast agent. When MnO2 shell degrades, the released apatinib neutralizes PDT-induced revascularization and prevents tumor progression.
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    a Schematic diagram of enzyme-like activity of AuNCs. b Through the catalase activity of AuNCs-NH2, a simple strategy of combining traditional PDT with self-supplying O2 leads to increase in 1O2 and O2•- generation. c Schematic illustration of the synthesis of AuNC@HSA/CAT nanoparticles. d 1O2 generation for AuNC@HSA or AuNC@HSA/CAT with or without addition of H2O2. e O2 generation in H2O2 solutions (100 μM) incubated with AuNC@HSA or AuNC@HSA/CAT.
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    a Schematic illustration of core-shell nanofactory for enhanced tumor therapy. Pda-Pt@PCN-FA converts H2O2 from tumors into O2 and 1O2. b O2 generation of different groups. c In vivo fluorescence images of Pda-Pt @ PCN-FA at different time after intravenous injection. d Tumor growth volume curves of different treated mouse group.
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    a Schematic illustration of C3N4-Fe-TPP NF/MB as theranostic nanocomposites for mitochondria-targeting H2O2-enhanced PDT. b O2 was catalyzed by FeMn-LDH adding H2O2 (100 mM). c Evolution of O2 in HeLa cells incubated with O2 probe RDPP and FeMn-LDH (100 mg mL-1) at different time (0, 4, 8, and 24 h).
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    a Schematic diagram of the synthesis and action mechanism of Cu-Cys NPs. b Detection of ROS in ADSCs and MCF-7R cells before and after Cu-Cys NPs treatment. c Photographs of tumors collected from the mice. d Changes in body weight of mice during treatment. e Histological analysis of the major organs after treatment.
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    a Schematic diagram of the synthesis and action mechanism of UCNPs@CeOx/g-C3N4. b TEM image of NaGdF4:Yb, Tm@NaGdF4:Yb, Nd NPs. c TEM image of UCG NPs and the DLS curve of UCG NPs. d TEM images of UCGM NPs. e TEM images of UCGM NPs treated with H2O2 for 4 h under acidic condition (pH 6.5). f The EDS element mapping of UCGM NPs. g CLSM images of ROS generated in HepG2 cells with different treatment methods using H2DCFDA as indicator. Scale bar: 10 μm.
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    a Compounds 1-4. b Formation of interchain crosslinks (ICL) induced by 1 and 2 during H2O2 activation. b Release of nitrogen mustard from compound 1 upon treatment with H2O2. c The concentration dependence of compounds 1 and 2 on DNA cross-linking formation upon H2O2 activation. Lane 1 without drug; lanes 2-9 with drug 1: lane 2, without H2O2 (cross-linking yield 0%); lane 3, 50 μM H2O2 + 100 μM 1 (2.2%); lane 4, 100 μM H2O2 + 200 μM 1(5%); lane 5, 250 μM H2O2 + 500 μM 1 (11%); lane 6, 500 μM H2O2 +1.0 mM 1 (18%); lane 7, 1.0mM H2O2 + 2.0 mM 1 (28%); lane 8, 1.5mM H2O2 + 3.0 mM 1 (36%); lane 9, 2.0 mM H2O2 + 4.0 mM 1 (42%); lanes10-17 with drug 2: lane 10, without H2O2 (0%); lane 11, 50 μM H2O2 +100 μM 2 (2.0%); lane 12, 100 μM H2O2 + 200 μM 2 (4%); lane 13, 250μM H2O2 + 500 μM 2 (11%); lane 14, 500 μM H2O2 + 1.0mM 2 (17%); lane 15, 1.0 mM H2O2 + 2.0 mM 2 (27%); lane 16, 1.5 mM H2O2 +3.0 mM 2 (35%); lane 17, 2.0 mM H2O2 + 4.0 mM 2 (43%). Adapted with permission from Ref. [56]. Copyright 2011 American Chemical Society. d QCA is activated and degraded by H2O2 and acidic pH, leading to amplified oxidative stress and driving cells to undergo apoptotic death. e Representative images of mice bearing SW620 tumor xenografts. f Representative images of mice bearing DU145 tumor xenografts.
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    a Multifunctional H2O2-activatable nanoparticles for bioimaging and therapy. b The preparation of C-TBD NPs and illustration of the principle for chemiluminescence and 1O2 generation of C-TBD NPs in the presence of H2O2. c Schematic diagram of the hypothetical mechanism of C-TBD NPs and FEITC combination therapy. d Tumor growth curves with different therapies.
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    a Schematic diagram of the mechanism of apoptosis induced by CA-loaded HPG-2S-SN38 nanomicelles. b Cell viability was (A1, A2) MCF-7 cells, (B1, B2) HeLa cells and (C1, C2) HN-4 cells were treated with CA, SN38, HPG-2S-SN38 micelles after 48 h, physical mixture of SN38 CA and CA loaded HPG-2S-SN38 micelles were at various SN38 (A1, B1, C1) and CA (A2, B2, C2) concentrations. c Schematic illustration of light-assisted p53 gene delivery and PDT for cooperative anti-cancer therapy.
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    a Schematic of the oxidation-responsive morphological transformation of MPEG-IPDI-Se-Se-IPDI-PPG micelles. b XPS analysis of the model compound HOCH2CH2SeSeCH2CH2OH before and after oxidation in 0.5 wt% H2O2 solution. c 1H-NMR spectra of the model compound HOCH2CH2SeSeCH2CH2OH before (up) and after oxidation (down) in 0.5 wt% H2O2 solution.
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    a Schematic illustration of the formation of the PSe-Por micelles. After light irradiation, the oxidization product has anticancer activity. b Schematic diagrams for the preparation of catalase-loaded SeNPs and photodynamic treatment.
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    a Oxidation-responsive organotellurium-containing polymer micelles that could undergo a series of morphological changes triggered by ROS under biologically relevant conditions. b Visible-light responsive tellurium-containing multilayer film.

• Boosting High-Rate Zinc Storage Performance by the Rational Design of Mn2O3 Nanoporous Architecture Cathode

  Danyang Feng1, Tu-Nan Gao1, Ling Zhang2, Bingkun Guo3, *, Shuyan Song4, Zhen-An Qiao1, *, Sheng Dai5	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 14
  First Online: 31 December 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0351-4

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    Schematic illustration of the formation process for mesoporous Mn2O3
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    Morphological and structural characterizations for mesoporus Mn2O3. TEM images of FF e HRTEM images and f SAED patterns of MMO-3.2. g TEM and elemental mapping of manganese, oxygen, and carbon elements of MMO-3.2. h XRD pattern of MMO with different pore sizes. i FT-IR spectrum of MMO-3.2, A: Mn2O3 obtained at 350 °C, B: Mn2+ coordinated with citric acid, C: citric acid ligand
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    XPS spectrum of MMO-3.2: a survey spectrum, b manganese peaks Mn 2p3/2 and Mn 2p1/2, c oxygen (O 1s), and d carbon (C 1s). e, f Nitrogen-sorption isotherms and corresponding pore-size distribution curves of the samples
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    Electrochemical performances of Zn/Mn2O3 batteries. a Cyclic voltammetry curve of MMO-3.2 at 0.1 mV s-1. b Galvanostatic charge-discharge curve of MMO-3.2. c Rate capability and d cycling performance of Mn2O3 electrodes with different surface areas in hybrid electrolyte (2 M ZnSO4 + 0.2 M MnSO4). e Long-term cycling stability of MMO-3.2 at 3080 mA g-1
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    Kinetic behavior of Zn/Mn2O3 cells. a comparison of CV scanning at 0.1 mV s-1 and b the cycling performance of MMO-3.2 electrodes with and without MnSO4 additive in ZnSO4 aqueous electrolyte at about C/3 and 1C, respectively. c CV curves at different scan rates of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.0 mV s-1. d Logi versus logv plots at specific peak currents. e Illustration of charge/discharge process for Zn/Mn2O3 aqueous rechargeable battery
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    Structural evolution and morphology characterization of Zn/Mn2O3 batteries during the electrochemical process. High-resolution XPS spectra of a, b Mn 2p and c Zn 2p at the fully discharge/charge state. d Charge/discharge profiles at 0.2C at the 100th cycle. e Ex-situ XRD patterns in different discharge/charge states at the 100th cycle. f SEM-EDS mapping of the elemental distribution of Mn, Zn and O in the MMO-3.2 anode. g, h Morphology characterization of cathode materials in the fully discharge state

• A Review on Binderless Tungsten Carbide: Development and Application

  Jialin Sun1, *, Jun Zhao2, Zhifu Huang1, *, Ke Yan3, *, Xuehui Shen4, Jiandong Xing1, Yimin Gao1, Yongxin Jian1, Hejie Yang1, Bo Li1	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 13
  First Online: 30 December 2019 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0346-1

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    Ashby diagrams for materials. Left: Young’s modulus v.s. strength, right: wear-rate constant vs. hardness. The red arrows point to tungsten carbides.
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    a Percentage of impurity phase W2C phase in sintered sample obtained by SPS at 1800 °C for 6 min under the pressure of 70 MPa as a function of C addition in powders. b XRD patterns of WC micro and WC ball milled with carbon addition, c WC+0.15%C and d WC+0.3%C SPS 2200 °C without holding time. e Schematic of abnormal grain growth due to addition of C.
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    a Schematic diagram illustrating different onset temperatures of sintering of nano- and micro-sized particles. Relative density of pure WC as a function of initial particle size in BTC b microsize and c nanosize. d Relative density of micro and nano WC vs sintering temperature, without holding time. e Schematic of the sintering mechanism of nano WC on the basis of the experimental shrinkage strain rate in a non-isothermal experiment. f Schematic diagrams and corresponding TEM micrographs revealing the contact state of WC and ZrC nano-particles during sintering.
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    a Variations of temperature and shrinkage displacement with heating time during high-frequency induction heated sintering of WC-xat% TiC hard materials (under 60 MPa pressure, 2800A). b Relative density as a function of TiC content. c Plot of WC phase lattice parameter as a function of TiC content produced by PCAS.
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    a Bulk density and relative density of WC-SiC composites. b Bulk density and relative density of WC-SiCw composites.
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    Densification behavior of a WC, SPSed at 2060 °C for 0 min, and b WC3A (WC-3wt% Al2O3) and WC10A (WC-10wt% Al2O3), SPSed at 1800 °C for 5 min. c Variations of temperature and shrinkage with heating time during the pulsed current activated sintering of WC-Al2O3 powder.
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    a Relative density obtained at different sintering temperatures with WC composites with 6 wt% ZrO2 (stabilized with varying amount of Y2O3) sinter-additive. Densification curves for b pure WC sintered at 1800 °C for holding 5 min, c WC3Z and WC10Z specimens sintered at 1600 °C for holding 5 min.
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    a Schematic representation of SPS equipment. b The formation mechanism of WC sintered under high pressure.
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    FE-SEM images of the polished samples showing the different dispersion states and morphologies of the toughening particulates: (a, A) WC-10vol% Al2O3, (b, B) WC-20vol% Al2O3, (c, C) WC-30vol% Al2O3, and (d, D) WC-40vol% Al2O3, composites sintered at 1540 °C for 90 min. FE-SEM images of Vickers indentation crack extension path of e WC-10vol% Al2O3, f WC-20vol% Al2O3, g WC-30vol% Al2O3, and h WC-40vol% Al2O3 composites sintered at 1540 °C for 90 min.
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    Toughening mechanisms in WC-Al2O3-TiC ceramics: a, b Al2O3 crack deflection, c Al2O3 transgranular, d microcracking, e WC crack bridging and f plate-like WC crack deflection.
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    a TEM micrographs of WC-TiC-Al2O3 ceramics, b-d dislocation morphology, and electron diffraction spots of e point 1, f point 2, and g point 3.
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    SEM images of indentation cracks observed in the sintered WC-Si3N4 composites: a Si3N4 whiskers pullout, b crack-bridging by Si3N4 whiskers.
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    a SEM micrographs and EDS maps of the distribution of b Al c Ti, and d W elements on the red line of nano-laminated WC-Al2O3-TiC ceramics.
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    FE-SEM micrographs of crack propagation in a WC-5vol% CNT and b WC-10vol% CNT. Typical SEM images of c the fracture surfaces and d crack details of WC-CNT composites.
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    a The distribution of MLG (color in red) in WC-based composites reinforced by 0.1 wt% MLG (by EBSD). b Raman spectroscopy of MLG and sintered ceramics.
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    Toughening mechanisms in WC-based ceramics reinforced by MLG: a graphene bending, b graphene wrapping, c graphene wall and network, d graphene interface debonding, e graphene intergranular bridging, f graphene pullout, g graphene deflection, h crack bridging, and i crack stopping.
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    a Plot of fracture toughness versus hardness of BTC. b Plot of hardness and c fracture toughness versus relative density. d Plot of hardness versus chord length of dense samples.
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    a Relative wear rates for the tested materials as shown in Table 7 abraded with diamond, SiC, and silica. 100 corresponds to Bl worn with diamond. b Wear rates for the different tested materials as shown in Table 8 abraded with silica and diamond.
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    Preferential orientation of MLG in WC ceramics after hot-pressing a in low magnification and b in high magnification, influence of MLG contents on c friction coefficient and d wear rates, surface topographies of wear tracks on e, f monolithic WC ceramics and g, h ceramics containing 0.1 wt% MLG.
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    Schematic of effect mechanism of MLG reinforced WC-based materials against AISI 1045 steel.

• Ultrastable and High Performance Silk Energy Harvesting Textiles

  Chao Ye1, Shaojun Dong1, Jing Ren1, *, Shengjie Ling1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 12
  First Online: 30 December 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0348-z

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    Schematic illustration of the SF/PTFEF EHT
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    Schematic illustration and working principle of SF/PTFEF EHT: a Schematic diagram of SF/PTFEF EHT during working. b Schematic illustration of charge generation and transfer of contact–separation mode of SF/PTFEF EHT during contacting and separating
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    Geometrical and structural design of SF/SSF and PTFEF/SSF yarns for mechanical optimization: a Schematic illustration of geometry and forces acting on a warping pitch of co-wrapped yarn. b Stress–strain curves of SF/SSF yarns with different wrapping angles of shell SF yarns. c Bending stress-bending strain curves of SF/SSF yarns with different wrapping angles of shell SFs
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    Structure of EHT theoretical model and effect of thickness and relative permittivity on real-time output voltage and energy: a Simplified structure of SF/PTFEF EHT. b, c Influence of thickness of SF (d_1) and PTFEF 〖(d〗_2) on the output voltage and energy of SF/PTFEF EHT, respectively. d, e Influence of relative permittivity of SF (ε_r1) on the output voltage and energy of SF/PTFEF EHT, respectively
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    Fabrication of SF/SSF and PTFEF/SSF yarns: a Schematic diagram of the apparatus for fabricating SF/SSF and PTFEF/SSF yarns. Schematic illustration and SEM image of b SF/SSF yarns and c PTFEF/SSF yarns. The insets are SEM image of cross section of these yarns
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    Mechanized fabrication of SF/SSF and PTFEF/SSF textiles: a Sketch map of the embroidery machine weaving yarns into fabric. b Different patterns of fabricated SF/SSF and PTFEF/SSF fabrics obtained using embroidery machine. c Resistance changes of the SSF in SF/SSF fabric during long-time cyclic deformations. The inset are diagrams of bending direction of SF/SSF textiles during deformations (Bending direction along with the arrows)
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    EHT and its electrical output characterization: a Schematic illustration of self-powered EHTs. b-d The open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current density (Jsc), and transferred charge density (σ) of EHT under an operation frequency of 2 Hz, respectively. e Dependence of current and voltage output of EHTs on the external loading resistance. f Dependence of power densities of EHT on the external load resistance. g Measured output voltage of EHTs on the external loading of 100 MΩ at different work frequencies. h Stability and reliability of SF/PTFEF EHT measurements, where the voltage was recorded for 14,000 cycles on the external loading of 100 MΩ and work frequency of 5 Hz
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    Applications of EHTs: a Schematic illustration of the use of EHTs as wearable power generation fabrics and floors to harvest energy from human motion. b (ⅰ) Schematic diagram of connection between the energy harvesting floor and LEDs shaped into the letters “STU” and “BMG”. (ⅱ) Photograph of the energy harvesting floor driving the LEDs shaped into the letters “STU”. (ⅲ) Schematic diagram of the reversed connection between the energy harvesting floor and LEDs that make up the letters “STU” and “BMG”. (ⅳ) Photograph of the LEDs shaped into the letters “BMG” lighted up by the reversely connected energy harvesting floor. c Circuit diagram of the energy harvesting floor to continuously charge a capacitor of 10 µF with a rectifier. d Measured voltage of a 10-µF capacitor charged by the energy harvesting floor at different frequencies. e Charging curve of a 100-µF capacitor charged by the energy harvesting floor at a frequency of 5 Hz. The inset shows the photograph of charged capacitor to power an electronic watch. f Photograph of multilayered EHTs with four-unit numbers connected in parallel. g Photograph of 46 green LEDs connected in parallel powered by the resulting multilayered SF/PTFEF EHTs (Ambient humidity: b at 50%, d and e at 37%, and g at 65%)

Volume 11 (2019)

• Recent Progress on Engineering Highly Efficient Porous Semiconductor Photocatalysts Derived from Metal–Organic Frameworks

  Wenwen Zhan1, Liming Sun1, Xiguang Han1,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 1
  First Online: 08 January 2019 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0235-z

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    Timeline of the important breakthroughs in the fabrication of MOF-derived photocatalysts for various reactions
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    a Schematic illustration of MOF-templated synthesis of Fe2O3@TiO2 and its use for photocatalytic hydrogen production after deposition of Pt particles; high-resolution TEM images of Fe2O3@TiO2, both b as-synthesized and c after Pt particles have been deposited. The scale bars represent 10 nm; d H2 produced by Fe2O3@TiO2 at various times over 48 h under visible-light illumination. The inset shows the amount of H2 produced over this period.
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    a–c TEM and HRTEM images of PHIC. d STEM image and EDXS elemental mapping of C, O, and In. e mass-normalized H2 yield rates over PHIC, PHI, and commercial In2O3 under sunlight illumination. f photocurrent densities of PHIC, PHI, and commercial In2O3 under non-illuminated (i.e., dark) and illuminated (i.e., light) conditions. g Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Nyquist plots of PHIC, PHI, and commercial In2O3. h mass-normalized H2 yield for 7 h over commercial In2O3, PHI, commercial In2O3 with Pt, PHI with Pt, and PHIC without Pt under simulated sunlight illumination.
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    a Schematic illustration of the synthesis of hierarchically porous metal oxides/sulfides templated by MOFs by a nanocasting process. b Photocurrent response and c EIS Nyquist plots for bulk CdS, nano-CdS as well as HP-CdS. d Comparison of the photocatalytic hydrogen production rates of bulk CdS, nano-CdS, and HP-CdS. e Catalytic recyclability of HP-CdS in hydrogen production by water splitting.
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    a Schematic illustration of the synthetic procedure for NiS/ZnxCd1−xS. b PXRD patterns of NiS/ZnxCd1−xS. c TEM image and particle size distribution (Fig. 2c inset) of NiS/Zn0.5Cd0.5S. d EELS elemental mapping images and e HRTEM image of NiS/Zn0.5Cd0.5S. f EIS plots, g photocurrent–time dependence, and h comparison of photocatalytic HER rates of NiS/ZnxCd1−xS; i HER cycling test for NiS/Zn0.5Cd0.5S under visible-light irradiation.
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    a Schematic illustration of the fabrication of Pt–ZnO–Co3O4, Pt–ZnS–CoS, and Pt–Zn3P2–CoP photocatalysts. a1–a3 TEM images of Pt–ZnO–Co3O4, Pt–ZnS–CoS, and Pt–Zn3P2–CoP. b1–b4 Photocatalytic hydrogen generation as the function of reaction time over different photocatalysts.
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    a Schematic illustration of the synthetic procedure of ZNGs and four types of bonding configurations of N atoms (1 graphitic N, 2 pyrrolic N, 3 pyridinic N, 4 pyridine-N-oxide). b Photocatalytic activities of ZNGs for H2 production with Pt as a cocatalyst. c Photocatalytic activity of ZNG-1000 under a prolonged light illumination for 12 h without Pt as a cocatalyst (inset: time course of the H2 evolution rate of ZNGs without Pt as a cocatalyst). d High-resolution TEM image of ZNG-1000.
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    a Low- and b high-magnification TEM images of Co3O4 hollow dodecahedra. c Low- and d high-magnification TEM images of CW-2 hollow dodecahedra. e HRTEM image of Co3O4 hollow dodecahedra (inset is the SAED pattern recorded for the whole particle). f HRTEM image of CW-2 hollow dodecahedra (inset is the SAED pattern recorded from the whole particle). g TOF and h transient photocurrent response of Co3O4 and CW-n under visible-light irradiation (from left to right: Co3O4, CW-1, CW-2, and CW-3).
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    a Schematic illustration of the synthetic process of the hierarchical In2S3–CdIn2S4 heterostructured nanotube: (I) liquid phase sulfidation and (II) cation exchange reaction. b, c TEM images of hierarchical In2S3 nanotubes. d Elemental mappings of an individual In2S3 nanotube. e–g TEM images of hierarchical In2S3–CdIn2S4-10 nanotubes. h Elemental mappings of a single In2S3–CdIn2S4-10 nanotube. i–n CO2 photoreduction performance. i Generation of CO and H2 over different samples. j Evolution of CO and H2 under various reaction conditions. k Results of GC–MS analysis of CO produced from 13CO2 isotope experiment. l Production of CO and H2 as a function of reaction time. m Formation of CO and H2 in stability tests. n Wavelength dependence of yields of CO and H2, and the light absorption spectrum of In2S3–CdIn2S4-10 photocatalyst.
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    Structure characterization of the core–shell cuboctahedron structure: a FESEM image, b and c TEM images, d SAED pattern, and e–g the corresponding HRTEM images. h STEM image of the core–shell cuboctahedron structure and the corresponding EDXS elemental mapping of C, Cu, N, and O and i line profiles. j Photocatalytic equation and reaction conditions. k Product yield correlation with reaction time in the CDC reaction between indole and N-aryl-tetrahydroisoquinoline catalyzed by different catalysts. l Cycling experiments using CNPC as the catalyst.
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    Structures of the three normal dye pollutants
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    SEM images of a ZIF-8, b ZnO-300-3, c ZnO-300-5, d ZnO-500-5, and e ZnO-750-5. f Photodegradation of MB over different catalysts. SEM images of g ZIF-8-derived pure ZnO and h N-doped ZnO. i Photodegradation of RhB by blank (absence of photocatalyst), pure ZnO, and N-doped ZnO with different ratios of urea and ZIF-8 as the precursors. SEM (j, k) and TEM (l, m) images of C350–400. j The calculated reaction rates k for RhB (n1) and phenol (n2) photodegradation under visible light (> 420 nm), k for RhB (n3) and phenol (n4) photodegradation under UV–Vis light (Xenon light)

• Bimetallic Nickel Cobalt Sulfide as Efficient Electrocatalyst for Zn–Air Battery and Water Splitting

  Jingyan Zhang1, Xiaowan Bai2, Tongtong Wang1, Wen Xiao3, Pinxian Xi4, Jinlan Wang2, Daqiang Gao1,*, John Wang3,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 2
  First Online: 09 January 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0232-2

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    a XRD spectra of (Ni,Co)S2, NiS2, and CoS2. b High-resolution XRD spectra with 2 theta angles ranging from 30.5° to 33.5°. c Raman spectra of (Ni,Co)S2, NiS2, and CoS2. d SEM image of (Ni,Co)S2. The insert is high-magnification SEM image. e TEM image, f, h HRTEM images, and g EDS spectrum of (Ni,Co)S2. i EDS mapping images of Ni, Co, and S elements in (Ni,Co)S2
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    High-resolution XPS spectra of a Co 2p, b Ni 2p, and c S 2p. d Density of states (DOS) curves of (Ni,Co)S2, NiS2, and CoS2. e Partial density of states (PDOS) curves of (Ni,Co)S2. Insert shows the optimized crystal structure of (Ni,Co)S2. f Charge density distribution of (Ni,Co)S2
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    a Polarization curves of (Ni,Co)S2, NiS2, CoS2, and Ir/C (20% Ir) at 5 mV s−1 in 0.1 M KOH. b Tafel slopes obtained from the corresponding polarization curves. c EIS of (Ni,Co)S2, NiS2, and CoS2. The inset is an analogue circuit diagram. d Cdl obtained by cyclic voltammetry at different scan rates. e I–t curves at 1.5 V versus RHE for 7 × 104 s. f Schematic of Gibbs free energy changes in the four elementary steps during OER on (100) surface of (Ni,Co)S2. g Proposed 4-step OER path presented using the model of (100) surface of (Ni,Co)S2
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    a ORR polarization curves of (Ni,Co)S2, NiS2, CoS2, and Pt/C (20% Pt) at 2 mV s−1 in 0.1 M KOH at 1600 rpm. b CVs of (Ni,Co)S2 in O2 and N2-saturated 0.1 M KOH solution. c ORR polarization curves of (Ni,Co)S2 at different rotation rates from 400 to 2400 rpm. The inset figure is the K–L plots. d RRDE polarization curves of (Ni,Co)S2 at 1600 rpm. The ring electrode was polarized at 1.5 V at a scan rate of 2 mV s−1. e Bifunctional electrocatalytic activities of various catalysts toward both ORR and OER
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    a Schematic illustration of rechargeable Zn–air battery. b Open cell voltage curve and c polarization and power density curves of (Ni,Co)S2-based primary Zn–air battery. d Galvanostatic discharge–charge cycling curves at 2 mA cm−2 of the rechargeable Zn–air battery. e Charge–discharge efficiency of the Zn–air battery at the beginning and end. f Long-time discharge curves of (Ni,Co)S2-based Zn–air battery at 5 mA cm−2. g Photograph of red LED powered by two (Ni,Co)S2-based Zn–air batteries. h Photographs of an electronic watch powered by the (Ni,Co)S2-based Zn–air battery
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    a HER polarization curves of (Ni,Co)S2, NiS2, and CoS2 at 5 mV s−1 in 0.1 M KOH. b Tafel slopes obtained from their polarization curves. c Schematic diagram of the self-assembled water-splitting system. d LSV curves of overall water splitting by (Ni,Co)S2 electrocatalyst in a two-electrode configuration at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1. e Two electrodes after water splitting powered by two in-series (Ni,Co)S2-based Zn–air batteries. f Time dependence of the mole quantities of H2 and O2 produced in the self-driven overall water-splitting unit

• Coral-Like Yolk–Shell-Structured Nickel Oxide/Carbon Composite Microspheres for High-Performance Li-Ion Storage Anodes

  Min Su Jo1, Subrata Ghosh2, Sang Mun Jeong2, Yun Chan Kang3,*, Jung Sang Cho1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 3
  First Online: 09 January 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0234-0

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    Morphologies of the as-prepared powders obtained by spray pyrolysis at different temperatures: a 300 °C, b 400 °C, c 500 °C, d 600 °C, e 700 °C, and f 800 °C
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    Morphologies of the as-prepared powders obtained from the solution containing Ni salt, PVP, and a without PS nanobeads, b with 10 g L−1, c 20 g L−1, d 40 g L−1, and e 80 g L−1 PS nanobeads
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    a, b, d FE-SEM images, c, e HR-TEM images, f SAED pattern, and g elemental mapping images of the CYS-Ni/NiO/C microspheres
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    XRD patterns of the a CYS-Ni/NiO/C and b CYS-NiO/C microspheres
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    a, b, d FE-SEM images, c, e HR-TEM images, f SAED pattern, and g elemental mapping images of the CYS-NiO/C microspheres
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    a Survey XPS, b Ni 2p XPS, c C 1s XPS and d Raman spectra, e N2 adsorption and desorption isotherms, and f BJH pore size distribution of the CYS-NiO/C microspheres
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    Formation mechanism of the coral-like yolk–shell-structured NiO/C composite microspheres
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    Electrochemical properties of the CYS-NiO/C, CYS-Ni/NiO/C, and hollow NiO microspheres for lithium-ion storage: a CV curves of the CYS-NiO/C microspheres, b 1st charge/discharge curves at the current density of 1.0 A g−1, c cycling performance at the current density of 1.0 A g−1, d rate performance of the CYS-NiO/C microspheres, and e long-term cycling performance of the CYS-NiO/C microspheres at the current density of 2.0 A g−1
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    a–c Nyquist impedance plots (lines represent fitting data) and d relationships between the real part of the impedance (Zre) and ω−1/2 of the CYS-NiO/C, CYS-Ni/NiO/C, and hollow NiO microspheres: a before cycling, b after the 1st cycle, c, d after the 200th cycle
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    Morphologies of a hollow NiO, b, c CYS-NiO/C, and d CYS-Ni/NiO/C microspheres after the 200th cycles: a, b, d FE-SEM images and c TEM images

• In Situ Coupling Strategy for Anchoring Monodisperse Co9S8 Nanoparticles on S and N Dual-Doped Graphene as a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Rechargeable Zn–Air Battery

  Qi Shao1, Jiaqi Liu1, Qiong Wu1, Qiang Li1, Heng‑guo Wang1,*, Yanhui Li1, Qian Duan1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 4
  First Online: 09 January 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0231-3

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    Schematic illustration of the synthesis of Co9S8/NSG
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    a UV–Vis absorption spectra of TSPP, TSPPCo, and TSPPCo/GO. b XRD patterns and c Raman spectra of the different samples. d N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms and the pore size distribution (inset) of Co9S8/NSG-700
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    a Low- and b high-resolution SEM images of Co9S8/NSG-700. c TEM image of Co9S8/NSG-700. d HRTEM image of Co9S8/NSG-700. e TEM image and elemental mapping of carbon, nitrogen, cobalt, and sulfur
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    a XPS survey, and high-resolution XPS spectra of b N 1 s, c Co 2p, and d S 2p of Co9S8/NSG-600, Co9S8/NSG-700, and Co9S8/NSG-800
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    ORR performance of Co9S8/NSG-700 in 0.1 M KOH. a CV curves of Co9S8/NSG-700 in N2-saturated and O2-saturated solutions. b LSV curves of Co9S8/C-700, NSG-700, Co9S8/NSG-700, and Pt/C at 1600 rpm. c LSV curves of Co9S8/NSG-700 at different rotating rates. d K–L plots and the electron transfer number (inset) obtained from RDE results of Co9S8/NSG-700. e Tafel plots of the samples. f Current–time (i − t) chronoamperometric response of Co9S8/NSG-700 and Pt/C in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH
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    OER performance of Co9S8/NSG-700 in 1 M KOH. a LSV curves and b Tafel plots of Co9S8/NSG-700, RuO2, and Pt/C. c Current–time (i − t) chronoamperometric response of Co9S8/NSG-700 and RuO2. d Combined ORR/OER LSV curves of Co9S8/NSG-700, RuO2, and Pt/C
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    a Schematic illustration of the assembled rechargeable Zn–air battery. b Open-circuit plots of Co9S8/NSG-700 (inset: photograph of the open-circuit potential). c Galvanodynamic charge–discharge profiles of Co9S8/NSG-700 and Pt/C–RuO2. d Galvanodynamic discharge curve profiles and corresponding power density curves of Co9S8/NSG-700 and Pt/C–RuO2. e Cycling curves of the Co9S8/NSG-700 and Pt/C–RuO2 at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. f Photographs of an LED bike lamp powered by three Zn–air batteries of Co9S8/NSG-700 catalysts before and after 12 h (8:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m., respectively)
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    a Schematic illustration of the assembled homemade all-solid-state batteries. b Open-circuit plots (inset: photograph of open-circuit potential). c Galvanodynamic charge–discharge profiles and corresponding power density curves. d Cycling curves of the batteries at a current density of 2 mA cm−2 (inset: photographs of an LED powered by two all-solid-state Zn–air batteries before and after 10 min)

• Enhanced Roles of Carbon Architectures in High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

  Lu Wang1, Junwei Han1, Debin Kong2,*, Ying Tao1, Quan-Hong Yang1,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 5
  First Online: 10 January 2019 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0233-1

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    Carbon-architecture assembly strategies for building high-energy and high-power LIBs
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    Assembly methods with the assistance of external forces or fields. a Schematic of silicon pomegranates. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [30]. b Schematic of the fabrication process for H-Fe3O4/GS hybrid films. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [39]. c Schematic of the gradient electrospinning and controlled pyrolysis method. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [45]. d Schematic of the synthesis rGO/Fe3O4 hybrid paper. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [52]. e VA-CNTs/Si structure. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [56]. f Schematic of the fabrication processes for nanostructured P-doped Si/graphite composites.
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    a Sketch and SEM images of graphite flakes coated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles. b Graphite-electrode casting. c Sketch depicting lithium diffusion pathways in both electrode architectures. d Rate capability.
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    a Schematic of MoS2@G. b Free-standing MoS2@G membrane. SEM images of: c Mo-SiO2-PVP, d Mo-SiO2@G, and e MoS2@G. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [87]. f HRTEM image of Gr-Si NP. g HRTEM image visualizing the origins (red arrows) of individual graphene-layer growth. h Schematic illustration showing the sliding of graphene coating layers that buffer the volume expansion of Si.
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    a Schematic of the fabrication process. b Cross-sectional SEM image. (Inset) A free-standing monolithic electrode. c Rate capability at tunable nanoporosity. d Rate performance at different mass loadings.
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    a Schematic of the lithiation/delithiation processes of the Ge-QD@NG/NGF/PDMS yolk-shell electrode. b, c SEM and d, e TEM images before cycling and under lithiation after 1,000 cycles at a current density of 1 C.
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    a Schematic of in-situ nanocrystal growth with GO as both hard and soft templates. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [108]. b Schematic of the sulfur-template control strategy that incorporates void space. HRTEM image of SnO2@GC: c before sulfur removal and d after removal of all of the original sulfur (Scale bar: 5 nm). e Cycling performance.
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    8 a Design concept of a 3D carbon-based current collector. b Visual comparisons of batteries with an ultrathick 3D electrode and a conventional design. Morphology and microstructure: c top view and d cross-sectional view. e Electrochemical performance.

• Comprehensive Application of Graphene: Emphasis on Biomedical Concerns

  S. Syama1, P. V. Mohanan1,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 6
  First Online: 12 January 2019 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0237-5

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    Process of graphene synthesis. Graphite is exfoliated and oxidized to form hydrophilic graphene oxide (brown solution). Graphene oxide is further reduced to obtain reduced graphene oxide, which is less stable in water (black solution)
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    Drug and gene delivery applications. a Delivery of doxorubicin using amine-PEG-functionalized GO. b siRNA delivery and mRNA degradation using PEI-conjugated GO for gene silencing technology (RISC—RNA-induced silencing complex)
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    Anticancer therapy. a Photothermal destruction of tumor cells following GQD exposure and irradiation. b Development of the phototoxicity on/off system for subcellular targeting and selective destruction of tumor cells. c Combined chemo- and photothermal destruction of tumor cells using drug-loaded graphene nanosheets under NIR irradiation. d Photodynamic therapy using magnetic GO nanoconjugates functionalized with aptamer and an ICG photosensitizer to achieve targeted cancer cell destruction
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    Graphene-based biosensors. a FRET-based graphene sensors for the detection of target DNA using fluorescent-labeled ssDNA. b Graphene biosensors for the immobilization of enzymes to monitor enzyme activity. c Graphene immunosensor for the detection of an antigen–antibody complex for early disease diagnosis. d Graphene nanohybrid electrochemical aptasensor for endotoxin detection. Step 1: Complementary DNA 1 is hybridized to LBA. Step 2: LPS binds to LBA, promoting the release of DNA 1. Step 3: Together with the help of an associated probe, DNA 1 binds to a capture probe and forms a Y-shaped structure. Step 4: Exonuclease nicking cleaves the capture probe and releases both DNA 1 and the assistant probe. Step 5: DNA 1 and the assistant probe are rehybridized to the new capture probe, and the cycle continues. Step 6: More numbers of cleaved capture probes are formed. Step 7: Capture probes are hybridized to DNA 2 nanocomposites, resulting in the production of electrochemical signals. e Structure of the magnetocatalytic GQD-based Janus micromotors and fluorescence quenching upon binding of LPS
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    Bioimaging application. a Graphene quantum dots for in vitro cellular imaging. b Mechanism of toxicity induced by graphene in bacterial cells
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    Graphene as a scaffold for tissue engineering. a The figure explains that graphene enhances the viability and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells and also induces their differentiation toward osteogenesis and neuronal cells without the addition of any differentiation factors. b Layer-by-layer assembly of graphene sheets printed using a 3D printer. c Three-dimensional printing and layer-by-layer assembly of a graphene-HA scaffold
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    Protein corona. a Formation of a hard and a soft corona on the surface of nanoparticles, following the incubation of nanoparticles with serum. b Isolation and separation of hard corona proteins that bind to graphene sheets by repeated centrifugation and washing. c SDS-PAGE analysis of hard corona proteins isolated from PRGO incubated with FBS at different time periods (5 min, 30 min, and 2 h). Only BSA (~ 66 kDa) formed a hard corona by strongly binding onto the surface of PRGO under different reaction conditions
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    Graphene–bio interaction. a Mechanism of graphene nanomaterial-induced toxicity (oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation) in mammalian cells. b In vivo organ toxicity induced in animals following graphene administration. c Biochemical parameters following single (i) and repeated (ii) administration of PRGO in mice. d Histopathological sections of the liver (i—control, iii—PRGO group) and the kidney (ii—control, iv—PRGO group)

• Machine Learning Approach to Enhance the Performance of MNP-Labeled Lateral Flow Immunoassay

  Wenqiang Yan1, Kan Wang1,*, Hao Xu2, Xuyang Huo3,*, Qinghui Jin4,5, Daxiang Cui1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 7
  First Online: 17 January 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0239-3

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    Format and assay principle of ICTS
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    Assay procedure comprising brief working principle of MIR
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    a Validation card with ICTS cartridge and QR code. b Waveform of validation card, comprising three levels of magnetic intensity: low, medium, and high
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    a Waveform for a single coil employed as the induction coil in the first version of the MIR. b Waveform for a pair of coils employed as the induction coil
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    Flow chart for data processing procedure
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    a Waveform of raw detection data. b Filtered waveform
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    Results of waveform reconstruction (in the small diagram). Blue line is the distorted waveform and green line is the reconstructed waveform
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    a HCG strips used for standard curve. Concentrations from 1 to 8 were 1000, 500, 100, 50, 10, 5, 1, and 0 mIU mL-1. b Standard curve for HCG strips
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    a Multiplex line strip and its waveform for detecting cTnI (TL1), CKMB (TL2), and Myo (TL3) simultaneously. Correlation between the results obtained by clinical ECLIA methods and this platform for b cTnI, c CKMB, and d Myo detection in serum samples

• Flexible, Porous, and Metal–Heteroatom-Doped Carbon Nanofibers as Efficient ORR Electrocatalysts for Zn–Air Battery

  Qijian Niu1,2, Binling Chen3,*, Junxia Guo1,2, Jun Nie1,2, Xindong Guo1,2, Guiping Ma1,2,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 8
  First Online: 19 January 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0238-4

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    Schematic illustration for the preparation of Zn/Co-N@PCNFs from electrospun Zn/Co-ZIFs/PAN nanofibers: a the micro-morphologies of the nanofibers before and after carbonization; b the simulated cross section diagram; c the simulated molecular structure diagram; d the digital photographs of the nanofiber film before and after carbonization
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    SEM images of the a Zn/Co-ZIFs/PAN nanofibers and b Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800; TEM images of a single nanofiber c Zn/Co-ZIFs/PAN nanofiber and d Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800; HR-TEM images and STEM elemental mappings of e a single Zn/Co-ZIFs/PAN nanofiber and f a single Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800
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    a TG and DTG curves of Zn/Co-ZIFs/PAN nanofibers; b FT-IR spectra; c XRD patterns; and d Raman spectra of Zn/Co-ZIFs/PAN nanofibers and their carbonized samples with different carbonization temperatures (500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C)
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    TEM images of the samples obtained at different carbonization temperature: a 500 °C, b 600 °C, c 700 °C, d 800 °C, e 900 °C, and f 1000 °C (Insets are the size distributions of metal nanoparticles)
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    High-magnification HR-TEM images of the samples at different carbonization temperature: a 500 °C, b 600 °C, c 700 °C, d 800 °C, e 900 °C, and f 1000 °C (Insets are their corresponding SAED patterns)
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    XPS high-resolution spectra of a Zn 2p, b Co 2p, and c N 1s levels at different carbonization temperatures
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    N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm of the samples at different carbonization temperature: a 500 °C, b 600 °C, c 700 °C, d 800 °C, e 900 °C, and f 1000 °C
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    a CV curves of Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 in 0.1-M N2-saturated and O2-saturated KOH with a sweep rate of 50 mV s-1; b LSV curves for Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 and 20 wt% Pt/C in 0.1-M O2-saturated KOH electrolyte with a 10 mV s-1 and a rotation rate of 1600 rpm; c LSV curves of Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 at different rotation speeds from 400–2500 rpm; d K-L plots of Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 at different potentials; e Chronoamperometric response of Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 and 20 wt% Pt/C in 0.1-M O2-saturated KOH aqueous solution at 0.71 V vs. RHE; f The durability test of Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 and 20 wt% Pt/C for methanol, the arrow indicates the introduction of 1 mL methanol
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    a Schematic representation of the basic configuration of a two electrode Zn-air battery by coupling the Zn electrode with an air electrode to execute ORR and OER in 6 M KOH solution as the electrolyte; b Catalytic mechanism diagram of cathode about Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800; c Photographs of a green LED (1.8 V) powered by two Zn-air batteries integrated in series; d Discharge polarization and power-density curves of the Zn-air batteries using Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 and 20 wt% Pt/C+RuO2 as ORR catalysts (mass loading of 1.2 mg cm-2)；e Specific capacities for the Zn-air battery using Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 and 20 wt% Pt/C+RuO2 as an ORR catalyst, which was regularized with consumed Zn mass; f Galvanostatic discharge and charge cycling curves at 10 mA cm-2 with each cycle for 10 min (5 min charge and 5 min discharge) of rechargeable Zn-air batteries with the Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 and 20 wt% Pt/C+RuO2 as the cathode catalyst

• N, F-Codoped Microporous Carbon Nanofibers as Efficient Metal-Free Electrocatalysts for ORR

  Tianle Gong1, Ruoyu Qi1, Xundao Liu2, Hong Li1,*, Yongming Zhang1	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 9
  First Online: 22 January 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0240-x

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    Schematic illustration of N, F-MCFs ORR catalysts
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    SEM images of a electrospun PAN/PVP/PVDF nanofibers, b PAN/PVDF porous nanofibers after hydrothermal treatment, N, F-MCFs with different compositions, c PAN/PVP/PVDF = 1/1/1, d PAN/PVP/PVDF = 1/1/1.5. e, f TEM images of N, F-MCFs
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    a XRD patterns, b Raman spectra, c, d N2 adsorption isotherms (Inset of c and d are pore size distributions of N, F-MCFs-A and N, F-MCFs-B)
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    a, d XPS spectra of N, F-MCFs-A&B. High-resolution XPS spectra of b, e N 1s and c, f F 1s of N, F-MCFs-A&B
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    a CV curves of N, F-MCFs-A; N, F-MCFs-B; N-MCFs-C; and N, F-CFs-D in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH with a scan rate of 10 mV s-1. b LSV curves of N, F-MCFs-A; N, F-MCFs-B; and commercial 20% Pt/C in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH with a scan rate of 10 mV s-1. LSV curves and K-L plots of c, d N, F-MCFs-A and e, f N, F-MCFs-B. g Percentage of H2O2 yield and electron transfer number (n) of N, F-MCFs-A. h LSV curves of N, F-MCFs-A with and without 10 mM NaCN in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH with a scan rate of 10 mV s-1
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    a CV curves of N, F-MCFs-A and Pt/C 20% in O2-saturated 0.5 M H2SO4 with a scan rate of 10 mV s-1. b LSV curves and c K–L plots of N, F-MCFs-A in O2-saturated 0.5 M H2SO4 with a scan rate of 10 mV s-1
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    a Current-time (i-t) chronoamperometric response of N, F-MCFs-A and Pt/C 20% in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH at a rotating rate of 1600 rpm for 10,000 s. b CV curves of N, F-MCFs-A and c Pt/C 20% with and without 3 wt% CH3OH in 0.1 M KOH

• In-situ Preparation of Bimetal Co-doped Mesoporous Graphitic Carbon Nitride with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity

  Wanbao Wu1, Zhaohui Ruan2, Junzhuo Li1, Yudong Li1, Yanqiu Jiang1,*, Xianzhu Xu1, Defeng Li1, Yuan Yuan2,*, Kaifeng Lin1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 10
  First Online: 23 January 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0236-y

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    XRD patterns of P-CN, Co-CN-5, Mo-MCN-2, and Co/Mo-MCN composites
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    a Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms and b corresponding pore size distribution curves of P-CN, Co-CN-5, Mo-MCN-2, and Co/Mo-MCN
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    TEM images of a, b P-CN and c, d Co/Mo-MCN-5
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    SEM images of a P-CN, b Co-CN-5, c Mo-MCN-2, d Co/Mo-MCN-5, e–h elemental mapping for Co/Mo-MCN-5
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    XPS spectra of a C1s, b N1s, c Mo3d, and d Co2p for Co/Mo-MCN-5
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    a Photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of as-prepared materials, b cyclic test of photocatalytic H2 evolution by Co/Mo-MCN-5, c Photocatalytic activities of RhB degradation for as-materials and d cyclic test of RhB degradation by Co/Mo-MCN-5
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    a UV−Vis absorption spectra of P-CN, Co-CN-5, Mo-MCN-2, and Co/Mo-MCN-5, b Mott–Schottky plots of P-CN and Co/Mo-MCN-5, c transient photocurrent responses, and d photoluminescence spectra of P-CN, Co-CN-5, and Co/Mo-MCN-5
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    Crystal structure of a P-CN, b Co-CN, and c Mo-CN, and charge density difference of d Co-CN and e Mo-CN
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    Band structure of a PCN, b Mo-CN, and c Co-CN
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    Optical absorption coefficient of PCN, Co-CN, and Mo-CN
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    a Simulation model of Mo-MCN. D represents mesopores of sizes ranging from 10 to 50 nm, and electric field intensity distribution in x–y plane for b P-CN, c Mo-MCN, and x–z plane for d P-CN, and e Mo-MCN
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    Photocatalytic mechanism scheme of Co/Mo-MCN under visible light irradiation

Most Viewed articles are updated on a monthly basis. Below are the journal’s Top 10 most viewed over the last 6 months.

• Boosting Sodium Storage of Fe1-xS/MoS2 Composite via Heterointerface Engineering

  Song Chen1, 2, Shaozhuan Huang2, Junping Hu2, Shuang Fan1, 2, Yang Shang2, Mei Er Pam2, Xiaoxia Li2, Ye Wang4, Tingting Xu4, Yumeng Shi1, 3, *, Hui Ying Yang2, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 80
  First Online: 23 September 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0311-z

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    a Schematic illustration of the synthesis process for Fe1-xS/MoS2 nanocomposite. b XRD pattern and c high-resolution XPS spectra (Fe 2p, Mo 3d, and S 2p) of Fe1-xS/MoS2 composite. d SEM, e TEM and f HRTEM images of Fe1-xS/MoS2 composite. (g) Element mappings of the Fe1-xS/MoS2 composite
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    a CV curves of Fe1-xS/MoS2 composite electrode for the first five cycles. b Galvanostatic charge-discharge profiles of Fe1-xS/MoS2 composite electrode at 100 mA g-1. c Cycling performance at 100 mA g-1. d Rate capability at various current densities. e Galvanostatic charge-discharge profiles of Fe1-xS/MoS2 composite electrode at various current densities. f The comparison of the rate capability with other iron sulfide-based anode materials previously reported [9, 12-14, 38, 55, 56]. g Long-term cycling performance at 1.0 A g-1
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    Kinetic analysis of sodium storage behavior for Fe1-xS/MoS2 composite. a Linear relationship between log (i) and log (v). b Capacitive and diffusion-controlled contribution at 1.0 mV s-1. c Normalized contribution ratio of capacitive capacities at different scan rates. d In situ EIS spectra evolution at different charge/discharge potentials. e First charge/discharge profile at 100 mA g-1 with labeled points for EIS. f EIS spectra after different cycles. g GITT curve. h The corresponding Na+ diffusion coefficient at different discharge/charge state of Fe1-xS/MoS2 composite and pure Fe1-xS electrodes
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    a Contour plots of in situ XRD results and b selected diffraction patterns of Fe1-xS/MoS2 composite electrode during the first sodiation/desodiation process
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    a Schematic illustration of Fe1-xS/MoS2 interface. b The diffusion barrier profiles of Na on Fe1-xS surface and Fe1-xS/MoS2 interface. c Proposed schematic atomistic models of the illustrated reaction mechanism for Fe1-xS/MoS2 heterostructure during the sodiation and desodiation process

• Ultrathin and Flexible CNTs/MXene/Cellulose Nanofibrils Composite Paper for Highly Efficient Electromagnetic Interference Shielding in X-Band

  Wentao Cao1,2, Chang Ma2, Shuo Tan1, Mingguo Ma2, *, Pengbo Wan3, *, Feng Chen1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 72
  First Online: 07 September 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0304-y

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    a Schematic illustrating the fabrication of CMC GS composite paper. b Digital image, c XPS spectra, and d TEM image of Ti3C2 MXene. e Digital image, and f, g TEM images of CNTs. h Digital image, i FTIR spectra, and j TEM image of CNFs. k-m Digital images of the as-prepared CMC GS composite paper
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    a XPS survey spectrum of the pure Ti3C2 paper and Ti3C2-CNTs composite paper. b XRD patterns of the Ti3C2-CNTs composite paper with different Ti3C2 content. c, d N2 sorption/desorption isotherms and pore size distribution curves of pure Ti3C2 paper and Ti3C2-CNTs composite paper. e Top-view, and f cross-sectional SEM images of pure Ti3C2 paper. g Top-view, and h cross-sectional SEM images of Ti3C2-CNTs composite paper. i Cross-sectional SEM and EDS mapping images of CMC GS composite paper
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    a Tensile stress-strain curves of the pure Ti3C2 MXene, CMC mixture, and CMC GS composite paper b SEM image and the corresponding EDS map of the fracture surface of CMC GS composite paper. c Schematic illustration of the crack-propagation mode of CMC GS composite paper. d, e Electrical resistance variation of CMC GS composite paper with bending test
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    a Digital images of single-layered CNFs, CM-5, CM-10, and CM-15. b Electrical conductivity, and c EMI SE of single-layered CNFs, CM-5, CM-10, and CM-15 in the X-band region. d Comparison of SETotal, SEA, and SER of single-layered CNFs, CM-5, CM-10, and CM-15 at the frequency of 8.2 GHz
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    a The EMI SE of composite paper with different sandwich structure in the X-band. b Comparison of SETotal, SEA, and SER of composite paper with different sandwich structure. c The EMI SE of CM-CNFs-CM composite paper with various CNFs content in the X-band. The d EMI SE, e R, and f A of evenly distributed CM composite paper and two-layered CM composite paper with different gradient structures in the X-band
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    a The EMI SE of randomly mixed CMC paper and CMC GS composite paper in the X-band. b The A of CMC GS composite paper with different gradient structures. c Proposed EMI shielding mechanism of the CMC GS composite paper. d Comparison of the specific EMI shielding effectiveness as a function of thickness. The numbers inside d are sample numbers listed in Table S2

• Advances in Tin-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

  Shulin Zhao1, Sheng Li1, Tao Guo1, Shuaishuai Zhang1, Jing Wang1, Yuping Wu1,* Yuhui Chen1, *	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 62
  First Online: 29 July 2019 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0293-x

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    Possible reaction pathways for electrocatalytic CO2ER on the Sn-based catalysts in aqueous solutions
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    a Volcano plot using •COOH binding energy as a descriptor for CO partial current density at -0.9 V (vs. RHE). b Volcano plot using •OCHO binding energy as a descriptor for HCOO- partial current density at -0.9 V (vs. RHE).
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    a Schematic illustration of the fabrication process of Sn-modified N-doped carbon nanofiber electrocatalysts. b High-resolution Sn3d XPS spectra for AD-Sn/N-C1000 and Sn-CF1000. c FEs and partial current densities of three products on Sn-CF1000 at -0.8 V (vs. RHE) in CO2-saturated KHCO3 solution with different concentrations.
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    a Illustration of the fabrication process of CuxO-Sn NWs. b XRD patterns of Cu foil, Cu(OH)2, CuxO, and CuxO-Sn. c Typical SEM images of CuxO-Sn NWs. d STEM elemental mapping results of CuxO-Sn NWs. e Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) curves in 0.1 M KHCO3 solution for CO2 electroreduction on Cu NWs and Cu-Sn NWs. f Comparison of the FE of CO at different potentials between Cu NWs and Cu-Sn NWs. g Potential dependent CO FE for Cu, Cu-Sn, Cu-Au, and Cu-Au-Sn NWs.
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    a TEM images and size distributions of the NPs in Pd/C and PdSn/C. b XRD patterns of the catalysts with different Sn contents. c Relative intensity ratios of Pd0/PdII and Sn0/SnIV versus the molar ratios of Pd/Sn.
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    a Synthesis of AgSn/SnOx core-shell catalysts. b HAADF-STEM image of Ag76Sn24. c-f EELS mapping of the selected region showing the elemental distribution of Sn, Ag, O, and their overlay. g CO2 reduction Faradaic efficiencies of AgSn/SnOx catalysts with different Sn concentrations. h FE of Ag76Sn24 catalyst for CO, formate, and H2.
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    a SEM image of the WIT SnO2 nanofibers. b High resolution TEM (HRTEM) image of the WIT SnO2 nanofibers with a high density of GBs. c, d HRTEM images of SnO2 nanoparticles.
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    a Schematic illustration of the surfactant-induced 2D assembly of confined space with TNS and SnO2 nanoparticles. b Schematic illustration of 2D TNS-SnO2 assembly with different interlayer spacings for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. c XRD patterns of TNS-0.9-SnO2, TNS-2.0-SnO2, and TNS-3.0-SnO2. d HRTEM of TNS-2.0-SnO2.
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    a TEM image of 5%Ni-SnS2 nanosheets. b HAADF-STEM and STEM-EDS elemental mapping images of individual 5%Ni-SnS2 nanosheets. c FEs for formate production over pristine SnS2 and Ni-doped SnS2 nanosheets. d Long-term stability performance of 5%Ni-SnS2 nanosheets at -0.9 V (vs. RHE) for 8 h.

• Manganese-Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks-90 with High Blood Circulation Stability for Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Tumor Therapy

  Zhenqi Jiang1, 3, †, Bo Yuan1, †, Nianxiang Qiu1, Yinjie Wang1, 3, Li Sun1, 3, Zhenni Wei1, Yanyin Li1, 3, Jianjun Zheng2, Yinhua Jin2, Yong Li1, Shiyu Du1, Juan Li1, *, Aiguo Wu1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 61
  First Online: 23 July 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0292-y

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    Schematic of bio-application and potential mechanism of APT-Mn-ZIF-90/5-Fu for tumor therapy and the binding mode of APT with Y1R. After intravenous injection, the APT-Mn-ZIF-90/5-Fu reduces drug release during blood circulation and triggers fast drug release with low pH and high adenosine triphosphate conditions in the tumor microenvironment for MRI-guided tumor therapy. The binding mode of APT with Y1R is shown on the lower right side; Y1R is shown in cartoon representation. APT (green carbons) and receptor residues (pink carbons) involved in the ligand binding are shown as sticks. The H-bonds are represented by the yellow dashed lines
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    a Schematic of APT-Mn-ZIF-90/5-Fu preparation process; b SEM and c TEM images of Mn-ZIF-90; d Dynamic light scattering of APT-Mn-ZIF-90 in culture medium at 37 °C; e PXRD results of ZIF-90, Mn-ZIF-90, APT-Mn-ZIF-90/5-Fu and 5-Fu; f XPS pattern of Mn-ZIF-90 and ZIF-90 NPs; g Drug-loading content of APT-Mn-ZIF-90 for different stirring times. Mean ± SD (n=3); h STEM elemental mapping of Zn, Mn, C, N, O, and EDS spectrum for Mn-ZIF-90
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    Cellular uptake of NPs in MCF-7 cells. a LSCM images of RhB-loaded Mn-ZIF-90 and APT-Mn-ZIF-90 incubated with MCF-7 cells for 8 h, and the RhB 123 was used as a mitochondrion tracker; b Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of MCF-7 cells incubated with NPs for 8 h, and followed by flow cytometric analysis; c XRFM images of Cl, Zn, and Mn in MCF-7 cells incubated with NPs for 8 h; d the concentration of Mn2+ in MCF-7 cells after incubating with different concentrations of NPs for 24 h. Mean ± SD (n=3), ** p<0.01
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    a Cumulative release of 5-Fu from NPs in different environments (pH 7.4 + 10% FBS and pH 5.5) for 24 h in 37 °C in vitro; b Cell viability of APT-Mn-ZIF-90 incubated with MCF-7 cells for 24 h; c Cell inhibition effect and d IC50 values of 5-Fu, Mn-ZIF-90/5-Fu, and APT-Mn-ZIF-90/5-Fu after incubation with MCF-cells for 24 h. Mean ± SD (n=3), ** p<0.01
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    a, b Serum biochemistry data of healthy mice after intravenous injection of APT-Mn-ZIF-90 for 7 days at different concentrations; c Blood routine analysis. Blood levels of MCH, WBC, HGB, RBC, MCHC, and PLT of healthy mice after APT-Mn-ZIF-90 injection after 7 days at different concentrations; d Biodistribution and e excretion profiles of Mn2+ after treatment with APT-Mn-ZIF-90 at different times. Mean ± SD (n=3)
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    H&E staining of major organs of mice 7 days post-injection of PBS and different concentrations of Mn-ZIF-90 or APT-Mn-ZIF-90. (Scale bar = 100 μm)
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    a In vitro T1-weighted MR images of APT-Mn-ZIF-90 at different concentrations; b T1 relaxation rate of APT-Mn-ZIF-90; c T1-weighted MR images of MCF-7 tumor-bearing nude mice after intravenous injection of PBS, Mn-ZIF-90, and APT-Mn-ZIF-90 at 24 h, the tumor is marked by the red circle. d Average gray value of tumor from the T1-weighted images; e Biodistribution of Mn in major organs and tumor after injection for 24 h. Mean ± SD (n=3), ** p<0.01
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    a Blood concentration of 5-Fu at different time points after intravenous injection of 5-Fu, Mn-ZIF-90/5-Fu, and APT-Mn-ZIF-90/5-Fu, with 5-Fu concentration of 8 mg/kg. The pharmacokinetics of 5-Fu follows the three-compartment model. Mean ± SD (n=3); b Relative tumor volume, c body weight, and d survival rate of tumor-bearing mice after treatment with PBS, 5-Fu, Mn-ZIF-90/5-Fu, and APT-Mn-ZIF-90/5-Fu, with 5-Fu concentration of 8 mg/kg. Mean ± SD (n=5), ** p<0.01; e Photograph of tumor-bearing mice 14 days post-injection; f H&E staining of tumors for one treatment after 24 h (scale bar = 100 μm)
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    H&E staining of major organs of MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice after treatment for 14 days. The metastasis are marked by the red cycle in the liver (scale bar = 100 μm)

• Flexible Conductive Anodes Based on 3D Hierarchical Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO Network for Sodium-Ion Batteries

  Linqu Luo1, Jianjun Song1, *, Longfei Song1, Hongchao Zhang1, Yicheng Bi2, Lei Liu3, Longwei Yin4, Fengyun Wang1, *, Guoxiu Wang5, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 63
  First Online: 01 August 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0294-9

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    Schematic illustration of the formation process of Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO flexible electrodes
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    Morphology and Microstructure characterizations of Sn/N-CNFs and Sn/NS CNFs@rGO. a, b SEM images of Sn/N-CNF; c TEM and d HRTEM images of Sn/N CNFs. e Low-magnification and f high-magnification SEM images of Sn/NS CNFs@rGO. g TEM and h HRTEM images of Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO. i Dark-field image of the Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO and the corresponding EDS elemental mapping of C, N, Sn and S, illustrating homogeneous distribution of C, N, Sn, and S atoms along the nanofiber body
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    a XRD patterns and b Raman spectra of Sn/N-CNFs, Sn/NS-CNFs, Sn/N CNFs@rGO, and Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO. High resolution XPS spectra of c Sn 3d, d C 1s, e N 1s, and f S 2p
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    a Cyclic voltammograms for the first three cycles of a Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO electrode at a scanning rate of 0.2 mV s-1. b The first three galvanostatic discharge/charge voltage profiles of a Sn/NS CNFs@rGO electrode at 100 mA g-1. c Cycling performance of Sn/N CNFs, Sn/NS-CNFs, Sn/N-CNFs@rGO, and Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO electrodes at a current density of 100 mA g-1 in the voltage range of 0.01-2.0 V vs Na+/Na. d Rate capabilities of the Sn/N CNFs, Sn/NS-CNFs, Sn/N-CNFs@rGO, and Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO electrodes at various current densities. e Galvanostatic discharge-charge profiles of the Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO at different rates. f Comparison of the specific capacities of various Sn-based anode materials at different current densities. g Long-term cycling performance of a Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO electrode at 1000 mA g-1, and the corresponding Coulombic efficiency
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    a CV profiles of Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO at various scan rate. b Plots of (log i) versus (log υ). c Capacitive contribution in the CV curve (shaded region) of Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO obtained at 4 mV s-1. d Capacitive contribution in the CV profiles obtained at various scan rates
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    a, b Ex situ SEM and c, d ex situ TEM images of a Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO electrode after discharging/charging at 3 A g-1 for 1000 cycles, and the insets are digital photos of flexibles Sn/NS CNFs@rGO electrodes after discharging/charging at 3 A g-1 for 1000 cycles. e Schematic illustration of the enhanced sodium-ion and electron transportation mechanisms of Sn/NS CNFs@rGO

• Electrostatic Self-Assembly of 0D-2D SnO2 Quantum Dots/Ti3C2Tx MXene Hybrids as Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

  Huan Liu1, #, Xin Zhang2, #, Yifan Zhu2, Bin Cao2, Qizhen Zhu2, Peng Zhang2, Bin Xu2,*, Feng Wu1, Renjie Chen1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 65
  First Online: 02 August 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0296-7

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    Schematic illustration for the preparation of 0D-2D SnO2 QDs/MXene hybrids
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    a SEM image, b TEM image and c HRTEM image of 0D-2D SnO2 QDs/MXene hybrid; d SAED patterns of SnO2 QDs; e STEM image and corresponding elemental mapping images of Ti, C, Sn, and O
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    a XRD patterns and b Raman spectra of MXene, SnO2, and SnO2 QDs/MXene hybrid; XPS spectra of c MXene for high-resolution C 1s, d Ti 1s and e SnO2 QDs/MXene-52 for high-resolution C 1s, f Ti 1s
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    Electrochemical performances as anode in LIBs. a, b CV curves of SnO2 QDs/MXene at a scan rate of 0.1 mV s-1 in 0.01-2.5 V; c, d charge/discharge curves of SnO2 QDs/MXene at 50 mA g-1
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    a Cycle stability and b rate performance of all the samples as LIB electrodes; c comparison of rate capacity between the SnO2 QDs/MXene-52 and other MXene-based electrode materials reported for LIBs; d Nyquist plots of the SnO2 QDs/MXene-52 and the pure SnO2 electrodes; e energy-storage mechanism the 0D-2D SnO2 QDs/MXene hybrids

• High-performance Na-ion Storage of S-doped Porous Carbon Derived from Conjugated Microporous Polymers

  Yuquan Li1, †, Bin Ni1, †, Xiaodan Li2, Xianghui Wang1, *, Dafeng Zhang3, Qingfei Zhao5, Jinliang Li2, *, Ting Lu1, 4, *, Wenjie Mai2, Likun Pan1	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 60
  First Online: 17 July 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0291-z

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    SEM images of a SC-600, b SC-700, c SC-800, and d SC-900. The insets show the corresponding magnified SEM images. e EDS elemental mapping of SC-800. f HRTEM image of SC-800. The inset shows the average interlayer distance at the electronic scale
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    a XRD patterns and b Raman spectra of SC-600, SC-700, SC-800, and SC-900. c XPS C 1s profile of SC-800. d XPS S 2p profiles. e Nitrogen sorption isotherms and f pore-size distributions of SC-600, SC-700, SC-800, and SC-900
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    a CV curves and b charge/discharge profiles of SC-800. c Electrochemical impedance spectra, d cycling performance, e Coulombic efficiencies, f rate performance, and g long-term cycling performance of SC-600, SC-700, SC-800, and SC-900
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    a Long-term cycling performance and b rate performance of other S-doped C-based materials for comparison
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    Possible Na-ion storage mechanism for SCs
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    Ex situ XPS profiles of SC-600 in different states during the initial charge/discharge cycle: a corresponding voltage states; b Na 1s, c C 1s, and d S 2p XPS profiles
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    a CV curves of SC-800 at different sweep rates after cycling. b Relationship between log(i) and log(v) for SC-800. c Voltammetric response (1.0 mV s-1) for SC-800 and d contributions of the capacitive and diffusion-controlled charges at different sweep rates

• Rapid Isolation and Multiplexed Detection of Exosome Tumor Markers via Queued Beads Combined with Quantum Dots in a Microarray

  Yanan Bai1, 2, Yunxing Lu1, 2, Kun Wang1, 2, Zule Cheng1, 2, Youlan Qu1, 3, shihui Qiu1, Lin Zhou1, Zhenhua Wu1, Jianlong Zhao1, *, Hongju Mao1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 59
  First Online: 16 July 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0285-x

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    Bead-based exosome microfluidic chip. a Schematic diagram of the PDMS chip containing a microarray for uniform distribution of microbeads. b Microarray structure in the chip and c microbeads queued in lines along the microarray. Scale bar, 100 µm. d Photo of the prototype microfluidic chip. Scale bar, 50 mm
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    Working principle and simulation of the chip. a Two-dimensional structure of the microarray. The control district is labelled by the blue dashed box. b Schematic diagram of beads trapped at gaps along the microarray. c Influence of flow rate on trapping efficiency and clogging rate. d Flow-velocity profile and e pressure profile of the fluid dynamics in the chip using a velocity of 88 mm s-1 at the inlet. f The variation of pressure drop at the left, middle, and right gaps from lines one to ten according to point evaluation
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    Morphological characterization of exosomes and optimization of the immunoassay system. a SEM image of exosomes bound to the bead surface. b Diameter distribution of bead-based isolated exosomes using particle analysis of SEM images (R2 = 0.996) compared with NTA of ultracentrifugation-isolated exosomes (R2 = 0.982). Dashed lines represent log-normal fitting. c, d Variation in the fluorescence intensities of different cell lines according to increasing volumes of cell culture supernatant (c) and QD concentrations (d). Dashed lines represent sigmoidal dose-response fitting (R2 > 0.99)
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    a Fluorescence images of exosomes derived from different cell lines using three different tumor-specific QD probes. b Average expression levels of three lung cancer markers measured in different cell lines
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    a Box-whisker plots with scattering points indicating the expression levels of the three tumor markers from clinical plasma-derived exosomes, lung cancer patients (squares), and healthy controls (circles). b ROC curves of the multiplexed detection of three lung cancer exosome markers (CEA: AUC = 0.84, p = 0.01; Cyfra21-1: AUC = 0.85, p = 0.008; and ProGRP: AUC = 0.84, p = 0.01). The confidence interval was 95%. c Comparison of clinical data of blood CEA concentrations with exosome CEA expression levels detected using our method

• Rational Design of Layered SnS2 on Ultralight Graphene Fiber Fabrics as Binder-Free Anodes for Enhanced Practical Capacity of Sodium-Ion Batteries

  Zongling Ren1, Jie Wen1, Wei Liu1, Xiaoping Jiang1, Yanheng Dong3, Xiaolong Guo1, Qiannan Zhao1, Guipeng Ji1, Ronghua Wang3, Ning Hu1, Baihua Qu2, *, Chaohe Xu1, 4, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 66
  First Online: 03 August 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0297-6

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    a Schematic illustration of the preparation process of the SnS2@rGF fabrics. b, c Photo images of the SnS2@rGF fabrics
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    a-c Low and high resolution SEM images, d TEM image, e HRTEM image, and f EDX mapping results of the SnS2@rGF fabrics
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    a Wide-angle XRD patterns of the SnO2@rGF and SnS2@rGF fabrics; b Raman spectra of the GOF and SnS2@rGF. c-f XPS spectra of the SnS2@rGF fabrics: c survey, d C 1s region, e S 2p region, and f Sn 3d narrow scan spectra
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    a Cyclic Voltammograms, b the 2nd discharge/charge curves at different current rates and c the rate performances of the SnS2@rGF electrode. d Rate capability of the SnS2@rGF anodes with cycles. e Long-term cycle performance of the SnS2@rGF electrode at a current rate of 0.5 A g-1. f Comparison of the estimated weight percentage of SnS2 in electrodes using different current collectors, including the commonly employed CF cloth (CeTech, WOS1002), Al foil (18 μm in thickness), Cu foil (9 μm in thickness) and our rGF fabrics

• Augmenting Intrinsic Fenton-like Activities of MOF-derived Catalysts via N-Molecules Assisted Self‐catalyzed Carbonization

  Chengdong Yang1, Mi Zhou1, Chao He2, Yun Gao1, Shuang Li3, Xin Fan1, Yi Lin1, *, Fei Cheng1, Puxin Zhu1, *, Chong Cheng2, 4	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 87
  First Online: 17 October 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0319-4

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    Illustrated formation procedures for the iron(III)-2-aminoterephthalic frameworks (MIL-88B-NH2, MIL = Materials from the Lavoisier Institute) and the resulted CNTs-Fe decorated carbon hybrids (MIL/CNT-Fe), and the corresponding schematic image of Fenton-like reactions towards the organic pollutants
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    SEM images of a MIL-88B-NH2, b MIL-Fe-800, c MIL/CNT-Fe-700, d MIL/CNT-Fe-800, and e MIL/CNT-Fe-900. f SAED patterns for MIL/CNT-Fe-800 (marked in i by red circle and stated by "SAED"). g TEM images of MIL/CNT-Fe-800. h HRTEM images of MIL/CNT-Fe-800. i TEM image of single CNT-Fe structure for MIL/CNT-Fe-800. j EDX mapping of MIL/CNT-Fe-800
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    a PXRD analysis of different samples. b Raman spectra of different samples. c N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of catalysts. d The pore size distributions of MIL/CNT-Fe-800 and MIL-Fe-800 calculated from the adsorption branch of the isotherms by the quenched solid density functional theory (QSDFT) model for spherical pore type. High-resolution e C 1s, f Fe 2p, h N 1s, XPS spectra of MIL/CNT-Fe-800. High-resolution g Fe 2p and i N 1s XPS spectra of MIL-Fe-800
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    a EPR measurements with/without MIL/CNT-Fe-800. b Degradation curves of BPA in different reaction systems. c Degradation rates (%) of BPA with different catalysts in 40 min. d The reaction rate constants of BPA degradation in different reaction systems. e Recycling experiments for BPA degradation using MIL/CNT-Fe-800. f Contrast experiment at solution with different pH values for BPA degradation using MIL/CNT-Fe-800. Reaction conditions: [BPA]=20 mg L-1, [PMS]=0.2 g L-1, catalyst= 0.1 g L-1, T=298 K, initial pH =6
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    a The degradation of MB in different reaction systems. b Degradation rates (%) of MB with different catalysts in 40 min. c Kinetic linear fitting for the removal of MB, d The degradation of TC in different reaction systems. e Degradation rate (%) of TC with different catalysts in 15 min. f Contrast experiment of different pH for TC degradation using MIL/CNT-Fe-800. Reaction conditions: [MB or TC] = 20 mg L-1, [PMS] = 0.2 g L-1, catalyst = 0.1 g L-1, T =298 K, initial pH = 6
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    a SEM image of O-MIL/CNT-Fe-800. b SEM image of O-MIL-Fe-800. c Contrast experiment of iron oxide for BPA degradation. d Degradation rate (%) of BPA with different catalysts in 40 min