Volume 10, Issue 1 (2018)

• The Surface Coating of Commercial LiFePO4 by Utilizing ZIF-8 for High Electrochemical Performance Lithium Ion Battery

  XiaoLong Xu1, CongYu Qi1 (co-first author), ZhenDong Hao1, Hao Wang1,*, JinTing Jiu2, JingBing Liu1, Hui Yan1, Katsuaki Suganuma2	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 1
  First Online: 26 August 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0154-4

  • 
    a Schematic illustration of the synthesis process. b TEM image, c line scanning EDS, d surface coating layer structure of LFP/CZIF-8. Regular lattice fringes of e LFP, f graphite and g Zn crystal
  • 
    a An enlarged TEM image of LFP/CZIF-8. b The mechanism of conductivity improvement, FE I represents free electron in graphite, FE II is free electron in metal zinc.
  • 
    a The first charge and discharge curves of cathodes between 2.5 and 4.2 V at 0.1 C. b The enlarged figure remarked in a. The range of voltage is between 3.36 and 3.55 V, the range of specific capacity is between 5.0 and 55.0 mAh g-1. The distance between the voltage platforms of two discharge curves is about 54 mV.
  • 
    a Barrett-Joyner-Halenda pore-size-distribution and the isotherm shape of LFP and LFP/CZIF-8. b Working mechanism of the coating layer in LFP/CZIF-8
  • 
    a Nyquist plots of LFP and LFP/CZIF-8 cathodes in EIS curves. b The plots of impedance as a function of the inverse square root of angular frequency in the Warburg region
  • 
    First charge-discharge curves of the LIBs with the a LFP and c LFP/CZIF-8 at different rates. Capacity retention and Coulombic efficiency of the LIBs with the b LFP and d LFP/CZIF-8 for 50 cycles at different rates. e The discharge specific energy of different cathode samples for 10 cycles at 0.1–10.0C rates, respectively, then for 100 and 200 cycles at 10.0 and 5.0C rates, respectively

• MemBrain: An Easy-to-Use Online Webserver for Transmembrane Protein Structure Prediction

  Xi Yin1,†, Jing Yang1,†, Feng Xiao1, Yang Yang2, Hong-Bin Shen1,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 2
  First Online: 26 August 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0156-2

  • 
    The gap between known protein sequences and structures is rapidly expanding
  • 
    A screenshot of the submission interface of MemBrain webserver (www.csbio.sjtu.edu.cn/bioinf/MemBrain/)
  • 
    The pipeline of MemBrain for predicting transmembrane α-helices. For a query sequence, we generate the position specific scoring matrix as input features by searching against SWISS-PROT database using the PSI-BLAST tool. The OET-KNN algorithm is employed as the classifier with fused different sizes of sliding window for extracting features. Median filter is applied to smooth the profile of predicted probabilities. Finally, the dynamic threshold is effectively used to optimize the results of prediction.
  • 
    The pipeline of MemBrain-contact for predicting TMH-TMH contact map. We extract the TMH locations and topologies from protein database to build the training dataset. The co-evolved mutation analysis by PSICOV using multiple sequence alignment generated by PSI-BLAST and machine learning-based algorithm outputs are combined to generate the final predictions.
  • 
    The flowchart of MemBrain-Rasa prediction protocol. For a protein sequence, we extract six kinds of sequential features, which will be fed into the SVR classifier. We also designed a segment template similarity-based prediction engine for searching similar segments as templates for the target sequence against a locally constructed structure data pool. The outputs of the two engines are combined together to improve the prediction of relative accessible surface area.

• Creation of Triple Hierarchical Micro-Meso-Macroporous N-doped Carbon Shells with Hollow Cores towards the Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction

  Ruohao Xing1, 2, Tingsheng Zhou2, Yao Zhou2, Ruguang Ma2, Qian Liu2, 3, *, Jun Luo1, 3, Jiacheng Wang2, 3, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 3
  First Online: 3 September 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0157-1

  • 
    Scheme for the synthesis of CANHCS with hollow macroporous core and hierarchical micro/mesopores as highly active metal-free electrocatalysts with improved activity for the ORR via a direct 4-electron reaction pathway. (I) N-doping of HPS by thermal treatment in NH3, and (II) etching NHCS via the reaction with CO2 at high temperature to form micro-mesopores within the shells
  • 
    Yield of the activated samples prepared by the activation of NHCSs with CO2 at different temperatures. Yield (%) = the ratio of the mass of the activated product divided by the mass of the original weight of NHCSs×100%
  • 
    SEM images of a HPSs, b NHCSs, c CANHCS-800, d CANHCS-900, e CANHCS-950 and f average diameters of carbon spheres calculated from panel a-e
  • 
    TEM images of a-b NHCSs and c-d CANHCS-950
  • 
    a N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, b the superficial areas and pore volumes in the range of micropore and mesopore, c pore distribution curves of NHCSs, CANHCS-800, CANHCS-900, and CANHCS-950
  • 
    a XPS spectra of NHCSs, CANHCS-800, CANHCS-900, and CANHCS-950, b-e high-resolution XPS analysis of N 1s for b CANHCS-800, c CANHCS-900, d CANHCS-950, and e NHCSs. f relative atomic percentage (%) of different N-functionalities received from the N 1s peaks
  • 
    Raman spectra of NHCSs, CANHCS-800, CANHCS-900, and CANHCS-950
  • 
    a Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of CANHCS-950 in N2 and O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH electrolyte at a scan rate of 50 mV s-1. b Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) curves of CANHCS-950 in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH electrolyte at different rotation rates from 400 to 2025 rpm. c K-L plots (i-1vs. ω-1/2) for CANHCS-950 calculated from LSV at diffident electrode potentials. d LSV curves of CANHCS-800, CANHCS-900, CANHCS-950, and NHCSs in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH solution at a scan rate of 10 mv s-1 and 1600 rpm. e The onset potential (Eonset) and the half-wave (E1/2) of CANHCS-800, CANHCS-900, CANHCS-950, and NHCSs in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH solution at a scan rate of 10 mV s-1and 1600 rpm. f Limiting current density of CANHCSs and NHCSs in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH at a scan rate of 10 mV s-1 and 1600 rpm
  • 
    a Rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) voltammograms for CANHCS-950 and Pt/C in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH electrolyte at a rotation rate of 1600 rpm with a ring potential at 0.2 V (vs. SCE) and b number of electrons transferred and peroxide yields of CANHCS-950 and Pt/C in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH electrolyte
  • 
    a Current-time (i-t) chronoamperometric responses for CANHCS-950 and 20% Pt/C in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH electrolyte at -0.6 V (vs. SCE) for the ORR at a rotating speed of 1600 rpm and b comparison of chronoamperometric responses over 1000 s at a constant rotation speed of 1600 rpm for CANHCS-950 and Pt/C in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH electrolyte with 3 M methanol added at 200 s

• Simultaneous Detection and Removal of Formaldehyde at Room Temperature: Janus Au@ZnO@ZIF-8 Nanoparticles

  Dawei Wang1, Zhiwei Li4, Jian Zhou3, Hong Fang3, Xiang He1, Puru Jena3, Jing-Bin Zeng2,*, Wei-Ning Wang1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 4
  First Online: 5 September 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0158-0

  • 
    a Schematic illustration for the anisotropic synthesis of Au NRs@ZnO@ZIF-8, with the selective detection of HCHO highlighted in b
  • 
    TEM images of a Au@ZnO core/shell NPs, b Au@ZnO@ZIF-8 NPs before and c after calcination; d XRD patterns of b and c; e UV-vis absorption spectra of samples in a, b, c, and pristine Au NRs. Scale bars in a, b, and c represent 250, 400, and 400 nm, respectively
  • 
    TEM images of Au@ZnO@ZIF-8 obtained at a 5 min, b 20 min, c 30 min; d pH and deprotonation rate plots versus time; e corresponding XRD patterns of samples in a, b, and c; f plots of Au@ZnO and Au@ZnO@ZIF-8 size versus time, insets are the represented TEM images of the products obtained at specific times; g FTIR absorption spectra for CTAB, Au@ZnO before calcination and after calcination at 300 °C in air for 2 h. Scale bars in a, b, and c represent 200 nm. Scale bars in the insets represent 60 nm
  • 
    Experimental set-up for HCHO detection
  • 
    a Dynamic response-recovery of Au@ZnO@ZIF-8 (Sample II) to HCHO with concentrations from 0.25 to 100 ppm, b Nitrogen sorption isotherms for Samples I, II and III, solid symbols represent adsorption branches, and blank symbols represent desorption branches. Sample I displays a type II isotherm, indicating its nonporosity; while with ZIF-8 coating, both Samples II and III display type I isotherm, suggesting their microporosity [28]. c Plots of sensor responses to HCHO concentration of different samples, inset is the typical TEM images of different samples. Optimized structures of one formaldehyde molecule adsorbed d on the surface of ZnO and e inside ZIF-8. A chemical bond is formed between the HCHO and Zn. In the case of ZIF-8, the HCHO forms a physisorption with the organic linker. Oxygen is in red, zinc in purple, carbon in grey, nitrogen in blue and hydrogen in pink
  • 
    Time-resolved DRIFTS spectra on a Sample I, b Sample II, and c Sample III. d Their corresponding kinetics of HCHO adsorption (Solid symbols), the blue curve represents the production kinetic of formic acid for sample II. e Enhancement of local electromagnetic field of Au@ZnO NPs. f Proposed mechanism of oxidation of HCHO into HCOOH

• A New Method for Fitting Current-Voltage Curves of Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells

  Peizhe Liao1, Xiaojuan Zhao1, Guolong Li2, Yan Shen1, Mingkui Wang1,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 5
  First Online: 11 September 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0159-z

  • 
    a Single PN junction model for PSCs, and b new double PN junction model improved for planar perovskite solar cells with JL (the light induced current), JD (the dark current or the forward current of PN junction diode under the sunlight), Rs (the series resistance), Rsh (shunt resistance, a fictional parameter to represent the size of leakage current), J (output current of the cell), and V (voltage flowing through the external load). c Planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells with TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3-xClx/Sprio-OMeTAD/Au device architecture
  • 
    Energy band diagram of different PN junction photovoltaic devices a A PN junction solar cell. b A P-I-N solar cell with homogenous built-in electric field c CH3NH3PbI3-xClx perovskite-based cell with in-homogenous built-in electric field
  • 
    a Current-voltage curve for planar perovskite solar cells using TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3-xClx/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au architecture, the perovskite films prepared by mixing with different concentrations of Cl ions. The measurements are carried out under 100 mW cm-2. b Plots of -dV/dJ vs ((1+R_sh^(-1) dV/dJ)/(J_sc-J-V/R_sh )) (symbols) and the linear fitted curve (solid lines), c Plots of ln(Jsc-J-V/Rsh) vs V+JRs (symbols) and the linear fitted curve (solid lines)
  • 
    Plots of dark current of planar PSCs as well as fitting curve by using Eq. 13. a The device structure is shown in Fig. 1c, the perovskite films prepared by mixing with different concentrations of Cl ions. b The device structure is PEDOT:PSS/CH3NH3PbI3-xClx/PCBM/Hole blocking layer/Al, with the original data coming from the Ref. [8]. The inset region A, B, C, D is mainly determined by shunt current, recombination current in diode space charge region, diffusion current, diode diffusion current limited by series resistance, respectively.

• Synthesis of 3D Hexagram-like Cobalt-Manganese Sulfides Nanosheets Grown on Nickel Foam: A Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting

  Jingwei Li1, Weiming Xu1, Jiaxian Luo1, Dan Zhou1, Dawei Zhang1, Licheng Wei1, Peiman Xu1, Dingsheng Yuan1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 6
  First Online: 17 September 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0160-6

  • 
    The characterization results of CMS/Ni: a-c SEM images in different magnifications, d TEM image, e HRTEM image, f elemental mapping images, and g-i XPS spectra
  • 
    a Polarization curves, b Tafel plots, c plots of the current density for CMS/Ni, Co9S8/Ni, MnS/Ni at potential of 0.174 V against the scan rates, and d chronoamperometric curve (The inset is polarization curves before and after 1000 CV cycles)
  • 
    a Polarization curves, b Tafel plots, c chronoamperometric curve, and d polarization curves before and after 1000 CV cycles
  • 
    a Polarization curves of CMS/Ni//CMS/Ni, 50 wt% Pt/C/Ni//RuO2/Ni and Ni//Ni for overall water splitting (The inset is a device for overall water splitting). b Chronopotentiometry curve of CMS/Ni//CMS/Ni (The inset is volume of O2 and H2 generated for theoretically calculated and experimentally measured versus time).

• Facile Approach to Synthesize Gold Nanorod@Polyacrylic Acid/Calcium Phosphate Yolk-Shell Nanoparticles for Dual-Mode Imaging and pH/NIR-Responsive Drug Delivery

  Guilan Li1, Yidan Chen1, Lingyu Zhang1, Manjie Zhang1, Shengnan Li1, Lu Li1, Tingting Wang2,*, Chungang Wang1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 7
  First Online: 22 August 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0155-3

  • 
    TEM images of a AuNRs; b AuNR@mSiO2 core-shell NPs; c AuNR@mSiO2@PAA-Ca core-shell NPs; d AuNR@mSiO2@PAA/CaP core-shell NPs; e AuNR@PAA/CaP yolk-shell NPs, the inset shows the SEM image of the yolk-shell NPs; f UV-Vis absorbance spectra of (I) AuNRs, (II) AuNR@mSiO2 core-shell NPs, (III) AuNR@mSiO2@PAA/CaP core-shell NPs, and (IV) AuNR@PAA/CaP yolk-shell NPs
  • 
    a Variation of temperature as a function of different Au concentrations irradiated with an 808 nm laser (power density: 1.0 W cm-2); b Photothermal images of the yolk-shell NPs solution at different Au concentrations, and pure water exposed to the 808 nm laser (1.0 W cm-2) recorded at different time intervals; c NIR-induced temperature increase at various lasers power densities in aqueous solution (808 nm, 0.5 mM); d Temperature monitoring of the yolk-shell NPs aqueous suspension (the Au concentration: 0.5 mM) during for successive cycles of an on-and-off laser; e Fluorescence microscopy images of HeLa cells with different treatments via staining with calcein AM: (1) control; (2) yolk-shell NPs only; (3) laser irradiation only; (4) yolk-shell NPs with laser irradiation (scale bars: 200 m)
  • 
    a UV-Vis absorption spectra and photographs (inset) of original DOX aqueous solution (1) and the residual DOX content in the supernatant after interaction with AuNR@PAA/CaP yolk-shell NPs (2); b DOX-release profiles of DOX from DOX-loaded yolk-shell NPs in PBS buffer: pH = 7.4, 5.0, and 5.0, with periodic laser ON/OFF irradiation (808 nm, 1.0 W cm-2); c Cytotoxicity assays of HeLa cells incubated withdifferent treatments (laser, NPs, DOX, NPs + DOX, NPs + laser and NPs + DOX + laser, laser irradiation: 1.0 W cm-2, 5 min)
  • 
    CLSM images of HeLa cells incubated with DOX-loaded AuNR@PAA/CaP yolk-shell NPs for 0.5, 2, and 6 h (scale bar: 10 μm)
  • 
    a CT images of AuNR@PAA/CaP yolk-shell NPs and b linear relationship of CT signal intensities versus Au concentrations; c PA images and d linear relationship of PA signal intensities with different Au concentrations

• From Two-Phase to Three-Phase: The New Electrochemical Interface by Oxide Electrocatalysts

  Zhichuan J. Xu1,2,3	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 8
  First Online: 07 October 2017 (Perspectives)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0161-5

  • 
    Schematic displaying the difference between the electrochemical interfaces of a a carbon-supported metal and b a metal oxide

Volume 9, Issue 4 (2017)

• Regulating Charge and Exciton Distribution in High-Performance Hybrid White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with n-Type Interlayer Switch

  Dongxiang Luo1, Yanfeng Yang1, Ye Xiao1, Yu Zhao1, Yibin Yang1, Baiquan Liu2,3,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2017) 9: 37
  First Online: 26 January 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0138-4

  • 
    (a) SEM image of a 100 um long stripe sample. The arrow shows the motion direction of electrons under test; (b) Plot of the failure current densities of Pd stripes; (c) Failure current densities of Sc stripes; (d) Failure current densities of Y stripes.
  • 
    (a)-(d) Resistivity versus time under increasing working current in Pd, Sc, Y and Au stripes, respectively. The environment temperature is kept at 300 K.
  • 
    (a)-(d) SEM images of the same Pd stripe (2.42 um wide, 300 um long) before and after it has been running a working current for long time. (a) original morphology; (b) after running a current of 11 mA (corresponding to a current density of 5.93 MA/cm2) for 4 hours; (c) after subsequently running a working current of 15 mA (corresponding to a current density of 8.09 MA/cm2) for 1 more hour, causing break at the center of the stripe; (d) A close look at the broken region as highlighted in (c), showing melting-like morphology.
  • 
    The surface morphology change of a Pd stripe (2.42 um wide, 300 um long) before and after it is broken at the central region after running a working current of density of 5.93 MA/cm2 for 4 hours then 8.09 MA/cm2 for 1 hour. (a)- (b) The same Pd strip at the cathode region. (c)- (d) The same Pd strip at the anode region.
  • 
    Morphology changes in Sc (a & b), Y (c), and Au (d & e) stripes before and after failure of the sample. Electromigration induced voids can clearly be seen in Y (c) and Au stripes (d & e) after the failure occurs. For the Sc stripe (a & b), it has been running a working current of 9.3 mA (corresponding to a current density of 5.47 MA/cm2) for 5 hours. For the Au stripe (d & e), it has been running a working current of 31.5 mA (corresponding to a current density of 30.8 MA/cm2) for 0.3 hours.

• Effect of rGO Coating on Interconnected Co3O4 Nanosheets and Improved Supercapacitive Behavior of Co3O4/rGO/NF Architecture

  Tinghui Yao1, Xin Guo1, Shengchun Qin1, Fangyuan Xia1, Qun Li1, Yali Li1, Qiang Chen2, Junshuai Li1,*, Deyan He1,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2017) 9: 38
  First Online: 26 January 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0141-9

  • 
    Schematic of the synthesis procedures of Co3O4/rGO/NF (top) and Co3O4/NF (bottom)
  • 
    XRD patterns of a Co(OH)2/rGO/NF and b rGO/NF, Co3O4/NF, and Co3O4/rGO/NF. c Micro-Raman spectra of rGO/NF, Co3O4/NF, and Co3O4/rGO/NF composites
  • 
    Top-view SEM images of a rGO/NF, b Co3O4/NF, and c Co3O4/rGO/NF. d N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms of Co3O4/rGO/NF and Co3O4/NF. The inset in d shows the pore size distribution of both samples
  • 
    a Low- and b high-magnification TEM images, c SAED patterns of a Co3O4 nanosheet taken from Co3O4/rGO/NF. d STEM image, and elemental mapping images of e and f Co and g O
  • 
    a CV curves of NF, rGO/NF, Co3O4/NF, and Co3O4/rGO/NF composites at 3 mV s-1. b Charge-discharge curves of NF, rGO/NF, Co3O4/NF, and Co3O4/rGO/NF composites at 5 mA cm-2. Charge-discharge curves of c Co3O4/NF and d Co3O4/rGO/NF at different current densities. e Cycling performance of Co3O4/rGO/NF at a current density of 7 A g-1 (the inset is a top-view SEM image of Co3O4/rGO/NF after the 3000 cycles shown in (e). f Nyquist plots of Co3O4/rGO/NF and Co3O4/NF

• Efficient and Air-Stable Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Formed on Graphene-Oxide-Modified PEDOT:PSS Hole Transport Layer

  Hui Luo1, Xuanhuai Lin1, Xian Hou1, Likun Pan1, Sumei Huang1, Xiaohong Chen1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2017) 9: 39
  First Online: 06 February 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0140-x

  • 
    SEM images of PEDOT:PSS modified without a and with b GO pieces. The inset is the high magnification of GO on ITO surface. c Normalized XPS spectra S 2p of PEDOT:PSS surface with and without GO modification
  • 
    SEM images of perovskite growth on a PEDOT:PSS and b GO-modified PEDOT:PSS layer. XRD patterns of perovskite film growth on PEDOT:PSS and GO-modified PEDOT:PSS without c and with d moisture invasion
  • 
    a Schematic of cell structure. b Cross-sectional SEM image of PSCs with structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/GO/CH3NH3PbI3/PCBM/Ag. c J-V curves of PSCs with and without GO-modified PEDOT:PSS. The inset is dark J-V curves of PSCs. d UPS spectra of the PEDOT:PSS surface with and without GO modification
  • 
    Statistical parameters of PSCs with PEDOT:PSS and GO-modified PEDOT:PSS. Approximately 30 devices of each type were statistically analyzed.
  • 
    a UV-Vis absorption spectra of perovskite films fabricated on PEDOT:PSS layer modified with (dash line) and without (solid line) GO. b Photoluminescence of perovskite films on glass, GO/glass, PEDOT:PSS and GO-modified PEDOT:PSS (PEDOT/GO) substrates, respectively
  • 
    a Plots of −dV/dJ vs. (Jsc–J)−1 and b ln(Jsc–J) vs. (V + RsJ) together with linear fitting of cells with and without GO modification under AM 1.5 illumination. c Nyquist plots of devices with and without GO modification with the forward bias voltage of 0.9 V in the dark
  • 
    a IPCE spectra and b Plots of Jph versus Veff for cells with and without GO modification. (Inset) Transmittance spectra of PEDOT:PSS and GO-modified PEDOT:PSS films
  • 
    Normalized PCE decay averaged for 16 devices of each type, without encapsulation, after aging at RH 15% in air

• Solar-driven Hydrogen Peroxide Production using Polymer-supported Carbon Dots as Heterogeneous Catalyst

  Satyabrat Gogoi1, Niranjan Karak1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2017) 9: 40
  First Online: 09 February 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0143-7

  • 
    a TEM image of CD. b HRTEM of CD. c IFFT image of CD. d TEM image of PNC4.0. e HRTEM of PNC4.0. f IFFT of PNC4.0. g Size distribution of CDs.
  • 
    a XRD pattern and b Raman spectra of CDs and PNC4.0.
  • 
    Solar-driven H2O2 production using CD-impregnated waterborne hyperbranched polyurethane as heterogeneous catalyst.
  • 
    Plot of (αhν)2 vs. hν
  • 
    H2O2 production with different raw materials at different time intervals using PNC4.0 as catalyst
  • 
    Selectivity curve for H2O2 production with different starting materials (using PNC4.0 as catalyst)
  • 
    Effect of CD loading on H2O2 production (after 50 h of reaction)
  • 
    Reusability of the catalyst (PNC4.0)
  • 
    a Bacterial growth curves of PNCs. b weight loss curves of PNCs. c SEM image of PNC4.0 after 7 weeks of bacterial exposure. d SEM image of reference film after 7 weeks.

• Engineering and Optimization of Silicon-Iron-Manganese Nano Alloy Electrode for Enhanced Lithium-ion Battery

  Pankaj K Alaboina1, Jong-Soo Cho1, Sung-Jin Cho1,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2017) 9: 41
  First Online: 06 February 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0142-8

  • 
    a Electrode calendering between the two steel bars using a bench press machine. b Optical images of the punched electrode discs of the not-pressed electrode and 3, 5, and 8 tons pressed electrodes
  • 
    a SEM images of the top surface. b Cross-section SEM images and coating thickness measurements. c Electrode/electrolyte wettability contact angle measurement results of the not-pressed electrode and 3, 5, and 8 tons pressed electrodes
  • 
    a Electrodes contact angle and density trend with applied calendering pressures. b BET specific surface area results. c BET surface area nitrogen isotherms of the not-pressed and 3, 5, and 8 tons pressed electrodes. d BET porosity distribution curves – Pore volume vs Pore width of the same sample electrodes.
  • 
    a Formation Cycle at 0.1C rate of not-pressed, 3 ton pressed, 5 ton pressed, and 8 ton pressed electrodes. b Electrochemical Impedance measurements of the same samples after 1st Cycle at 0.5C rate. c Delithiation cycling capacity of the same samples over 100 cycles at 0.5C rate. d Delithiation capacity retention of the same samples over 100 cycles at 0.5C. (Potential window = 0.01-1.5 V, active material loading ~2 mg cm-2, and 1C = 620 mA g-1)
  • 
    Electrochemical Impedance measurements of the not-pressed, 3 ton pressed, 5 ton pressed, and 8 ton pressed electrodes after 100 cycles at 0.5C rate

• Laser-Assisted Reduction of Highly Conductive Circuits based on Copper Nitrate for Flexible Printed Sensors

  Shi Bai1, Shigang Zhang2, Weiping Zhou1, Delong Ma1, Ying Ma1, Pooran Joshi3, Anming Hu1,4,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2017) 9: 42
  First Online: 09 February 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0139-3

  • 
    a Schematic of the experimental setup for laser direct writing. The laser beam is directed at a collimator. Afterwards the beam is reflected by a mirror and focused by a microscope objective (NA = 0.3). The translation stage enables the accurate and repeatable positioning of the substrate in two dimensions, with an overall accuracy of about 500 nm. b Schematic illustration of the fabrication of the flexible sensor based on copper electrode: (I) Oxygen plasma etching of the surface of the glass, (II) laser writing of copper salt, (III) coating of PDMS onto a reduced copper electrode, (IV) curing of the PDMS covered substrate, (V) peeling off the PDMS strip from the substrate, (VI) overlay of the PDMS on a target substrate. c Photograph of copper electrode on PDMS substrate. d Spider and zigzag electrodes on PET substrate
  • 
    a XRD pattern and b absorption spectroscopy of copper salt ink (inset: photographs of copper salts). c SEM images of copper line on glass reduced by the laser at powers of 3 W, 6 W, and 8 W. d Influence of laser power with width of reduced copper line. e The height and width of the copper line measured by a 3D profiler
  • 
    a XRD patterns of the copper salt after laser reduction at the laser power of 3 W. b Raman spectra of sample before and after laser wring. c–f Typical SEM image of copper electrodes reduced by the laser at powers of 2 W, 3 W, 4 W, and 5 W. g Resistivity of copper electrode as a function of laser power (inset: diagram of laser reduction and sintering.). h Mean size of copper nanoparticle by laser reduction
  • 
    Finite element simulation of laser annealing Cu film. a Temperature (degree centigrade) at k = 400 W (mK)-1, and scanning speed at 5 mm s-1 with 3 W inputted power. These conditions resemble the experimental condition. b The simulation of temperature profiles at laser scanning speeds of 1 mm s-1, 10 mm s-1, and 20 mm s-1. c Temperature changing of samples under different laser powers and irradiation times. d Thermogravimetric analysis curve of copper nitrate hydroxide
  • 
    a The resistivity as a function of the repeated bending/relaxation cycles. b Resistive response of the sensor to the bending angle from 0°–150°. c Resistive response of the sensor to the strain. d Response of the sensor to the pressure from 5 g–400 g. e SEM images of sandwich structure. The red lines describe the copper electrode area, and the blue arrows show where the electrode is covered by PDMS. f Typical SEM image of copper electrode after 6000 bending cycles. The blue circles show the damaged parts of copper electrode
  • 
    a–d Illuminance of three LEDs under the stretch of the sensor, from -25%–10%. e-f Photographs of resistance response of the sensor by weighting 50 mg paper
  • 
    a Photograph of the motion detection sensor. b Human motion detection of finger with flexible sensor based on copper electrode. c–d Photograph of touch switch control to turn LED on and off (Inset: schematic diagram of touch switch).

• 2D MOF Nanoflake-Assembled Spherical-Micro-Structures for Enhanced Supercapacitor and Electrocatalysis Performances

  Huicong Xia1, Jianan Zhang1,2,*, Zhao Yang1, Shiyu Guo1, Shihui Guo3, Qun Xu1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2017) 9: 43
  First Online: 14 February 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0144-6

  • 
    Schematic illustration of the synthesis of Ni/Co-MOF nanoflakes and Ni-MOF nanoflakes.
  • 
    a SEM images of Ni/Co-MOF nanoflakes. b, c TEM images of Ni/Co-MOF nanoflakes. d Large-magnified TEM and SAED patterns of Ni/Co-MOF nanoflakes. e XRD patterns of Ni/Co-MOF nanoflakes, Ni-MOF nanoflakes, and ZIF-67. f STEM-energy-dispersed spectroscopy (EDS) mapping of Ni/Co-MOF nanoflakes.
  • 
    a Ni 2p XPS spectra and b Co 2p spectra of Ni/Co-MOF nanoflakes. c TGA of Ni/Co-MOF nanoflakes and Ni-MOF nanoflakes. d FT-IR spectra of Ni/Co-MOF nanoflakes, Ni-MOF nanoflakes, and 2-methylimidazole.
  • 
    a Cyclic voltammograms of as-prepared Ni/Co-MOF nanoflake electrodes at different scan rates in 1 M LiOH solution. b Galvanostatic charge/discharge curves of Ni/Co-MOF nanoflakes at various currents in 1 M LiOH solution. c Galvanostatic charge/discharge curves comparison of Ni/Co-MOF nanoflakes, ZIF-67, and Ni/Co-MOF nanoflakes at various current densities in 1 M LiOH solution. d Specific capacitances of Ni/Co-MOF nanoflakes, Ni-MOF nanoflakes, and ZIF-67 electrodes at 0.5 A g-1. e Cycling performance of Ni/Co-MOF nanoflakes at a current density of 2 A g-1. f Galvanostatic charge/discharge curves of Ni/Co-MOF nanoflake supercapacitor before and after 2000 cycles measured at 2 A g-1.
  • 
    a CV curves in Ar-saturated (solid curves) and O2-saturated (dashed curves) solutions with a sweep rate of 50 mV s-1. b RDE polarization curves of Ni/Co-MOF nanoflakes at different rotation speeds. Scan rate: 10 mV s-1. c Koutecky-Levich plots of Ni/Co-MOF nanoflakes at various potentials. d RDE polarization curves of samples at a rotation rate of 1600 rpm. Scan rate: 10 mV s-1.
  • 
    a Chronoamperometric responses of Ni/Co-MOF nanoflakes in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH solution (1600 rpm) without and with 3 M methanol (added at 600 s). b Stability evaluation at -0.1 V and a rotation speed of 1600 rpm.

• FIB Secondary Etching Method for Fabrication of Fine CNT Forest Metamaterials

  Adam Pander1,2,*, Akimitsu Hatta1, 2, Hiroshi Furuta1, 2	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2017) 9: 44
  First Online: 15 March 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0145-5

  • 
    Schematic of process for CNT metamaterial fabrication: a Catalyst deposition, b FIB patterning, c FIB secondary etching, and d CVD growth
  • 
    a Schematic of metamaterial patterns used for fabrication and b map of FIB milling with patterning and secondary etching depths
  • 
    SEM images of patterned surface after CNT forest growth. Arabic numerals refer to depths in nanometers, while letters and Roman numerals were introduced for the purpose of analysis.
  • 
    a AFM images of patterned catalyst, b line profiles of pattern with applied secondary etching (0 – 0.5 nm), and c roughness analysis of the catalyst surface
  • 
    SEM images and Raman spectra of CNT patterns: a without secondary etching; b with secondary etching of 0.5 nm depth; c side view with secondary etching of 0.5 nm depth ; d TEM image of a CNT array grown under the optimized FIB processing conditions shown in c

• Nanogenerators for Self-Powered Gas Sensing

  Zhen Wen1, Qingqing Shen1, Xuhui Sun1,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2017) 9: 45
  First Online: 30 March 2017 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0146-4

  • 
    Design for converting nanoscale mechanical energy into electrical energy by a vertical piezoelectric ZnO NW based PENG. a SEM images of aligned ZnO NWs grown on α-Al2O3 substrate. b TEM images of ZnO NWs, showing the typical structure of the NW without an Au particle or with a small Au particle at the top (inset at center shows SAED pattern). c Experimental setup and procedures for generating electricity by deforming a piezoelectric NW with a conductive AFM tip. d Potential distribution for a ZnO NW in side view. e Electric signal collected by AFM on a ZnO NW array. Figures adapted from [10, 46].
  • 
    Surface free-carrier screening effect on the output of a ZnO NW based PENG and its potential as a self-powered active gas sensor. a Schematic diagram showing the structural design of the PENG (The inset is a photograph of a typical device). b SEM image of ZnO NW arrays grown on Ti foil in a top view (The inset shows SEM the cross-sectional view image). c HRTEM and SAED pattern taken from the tip region of a ZnO NW. d The working mechanism of the PENG driven by compressive strain. e The dependence of sensitivity on the ranging concentrations of H2S vapor. Figures adapted from [59].
  • 
    High response and selectivity of a Cu-ZnO NW PENG as a self-powered/active H2S sensor. a Schematic of a Cu-ZnO NW PENG as a self-powered/active H2S sensor. b SEM image of 5 at% Cu-ZnO NWs in top view. c HRTEM image and the SAED pattern of the edge region of a 5 at% Cu-ZnO NW. d Working mechanism of Cu-ZnO NW PENG as a self-powered/active H2S sensor. e A continuous responding-recovering process of the device against 500 ppm H2S. f Piezoelectric output voltage of the device under compressive force at room temperature in dry air and various concentrations of H2S. Figures adapted from [66].
  • 
    Conversion of PN-junction influencing the piezoelectric output of a CuO/ZnO nanoarray PENG and its application as a room-temperature self-powered active H2S sensor. a Schematic diagram showing the structure of the self-powered active gas sensor with two Kapton boards as the frame. b SEM image of CuO/ZnO nanoarrays on the top-view (The inset is an enlarged view of a selected area). c The sensitivity of the device upon exposure to different concentrations of H2S with one device repeatedly compressed by a constant applied strain of 0.012% at a frequency of 0.8 Hz. d The H2S-sensing mechanism of the self-powered active gas sensor based on CuO/ZnO PN-junction nanoarrays driven by compressive strain. Figures adapted from [71].
  • 
    A Highly selective and self-powered gas sensor via organic surface functionalization of p-Si/n-ZnO diodes. a Schematic of a singular p-n unit composed of p-Si μ-trenches. b The surface of the n-ZnO NWs was modifi ed by adding a SAM of functional groups. c SEM image of a singular p-Si/n-ZnO diode (scale bar: 10 μm). d Diagram of the ΔVoc response for different NO2 concentrations, for amine- and thiol-functionalized devices. e Most-stable geometries of NO2 molecules adsorbed at the thiol and amine functionalities. f Energy levels of the HOMO and LUMO of the functionalities without adsorbed NO2 and with adsorbed NO2. The averaged electrostatic potential from the core region of the Si atom of each functionality was used as reference potential. The HOMO level of the isolated thiol functionality was set to 0 for convenience. Figures adapted from [72].
  • 
    Synthesis of CdS nanorod arrays and their applications in flexible piezo-driven active H2S sensors. a Schematic diagram showing the structural design of the piezo-driven active H2S sensor based on CdS nanorod arrays. b SEM image of CdS NR arrays grown on Ti foil in a top view (The inset is an enlarged view of a selected area). c HRTEM and SAED pattern of the tip region of a CdS nanorod. d The piezoelectric voltage response of a device in dry air, H2S and pure oxygen at room temperature. The working mechanism of a CdS piezo-driven active H2S sensor. e The carrier density and depletion layer in CdS nanorods in H2S without compression and piezoelectric output under mechanical deformation. Figures adapted from [73].
  • 
    Invention and working principle of the first TENG that converts mechanical energy into electricity. a The construction and photography images in bending and releasing process and related electrical measurement tests. b Sketches that illustrate the operating principle. Figures adapted from [11, 74].
  • 
    A self-powered, room-temperature electronic nose based on triboelectrification and heterogeneous catalytic reaction. a Schematic illustration of the fabrication process of a self-powered electronic nose and an optical image of the as-fabricated device. SEM images of b the ZnO NWs and c the NiO nanoparticle-decorated ZnO NWs grown on the SiO2/Si (Scale bar, 500 nm). The output performance of the sensor elements comprising d NiO nanoparticle-decorated ZnO-PFTE and e NiO nanoparticle-decorated ZnO-PI under cycled compressive force of 50 N at an applied frequency of 4 Hz. Figures adapted from [96].
  • 
    A self-powered active hydrogen gas sensor with fast response at room temperature based on triboelectric effect. a Schematic of the as-fabricated triboelectric-based H2 sensor (TEHS). b FESEM images of the micropatterned PDMS surface (The insets show the enlarged view of the micropyramids PDMS). c Cross-section (I) and in-plane (II) micrographs of ZnO nanoparticles. d Variation of open-circuit voltage with and without H2 exposure. e The pressing and releasing signal peaks of the TEHS. f Response time characteristics of the TEHS. Schematic of the TEHS’s g triboelectric and h sensing mechanisms. Figures adapted from [97].
  • 
    Outputting olfactory bionic electric impulse by PANI/PTFE/PANI sandwich nanostructures and their application as flexible, smelling electronic skin. a Structure and fabrication process of the flexible smelling e-skin (The inset shows the photograph of the e-skin). b SEM image of PTFE nanostructures on the top view (The inset shows cross-section SEM image of PTFE NWs). c SEM image of PANI nanostructures on the top view. d and e The e-skin can be easily driven by gas flow (human heavy breath or blowing). f and g The e-skin can be easily driven by body motion (pressure). h Photograph of the self-powered breath–alcohol visual detecting system. i Real-time continuous responding/recovering process of the e-skin against 210 ppm ethanol gas flow. j An adult without drinking alcohol can light 8 LEDs. Figures adapted from [98].
  • 
    Blow-driven TENG as an active alcohol breathalyzer. a Schematic illustrations of the functional components of the blow-driven triboelectric nanogenerator, which mainly consists of three parts, a rotator, a stator and a soft elastic. b A SEM image of the FEP polymer NWs (scale bar, 500 nm). c A photograph of the as-fabricated stator (scale bar, 1 cm). d A schematic illustration of an as-fabricated device (scale bar, 2 cm). e The variation of the output voltage and current with external load resistances under a fixed blowing speed of 6 m/s (The inset shows the measurement circuit diagram). f A real-time continuously measured voltage profile to show the dynamic response to ambient alcohol concentrations. g A schematic illustration showing the self-power breathalyzer. Figures adapted from [102].

• A Wire-Shaped Supercapacitor in Micrometer Size Based on Fe3O4 Nanosheet Arrays on Fe Wire

  Guohong Li1, Ruchun Li2, Weijia Zhou2,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2017) 9: 46
  First Online: 19 April 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0147-3

  • 
    a-d SEM images of Fe@Fe3O4 at different magnifications
  • 
    a TEM and b HRTEM images of the Fe3O4. c The SAED pattern of the Fe3O4 (carefully scratched from Fe@Fe3O4)
  • 
    a XRD patterns of Fe and Fe@Fe3O4. b XPS fully scanned spectra, high resolution XPS spectrum of c Fe 2p and d O 1s of Fe3O4 scratched from Fe@Fe3O4
  • 
    a CV curves of Fe, Fe@Fe3O4-20, Fe@Fe3O4-30, and Fe@Fe3O4-40 at the scan rate of 50 mV s−1 in 3.0 M LiCl. b CV curves of the Fe@Fe3O4-30 electrode at different scan rates. c Specific capacitances of the Fe@Fe3O4-30 electrode as a function of scan rate. d GCD curves of the Fe@Fe3O4-30 electrode at different current densities. e Specific capacitances of Fe@Fe3O4-30 as a function of current. f Cycling stability of the Fe@Fe3O4-30 electrode at a current of 0.9 mA. Inset is the last 10 charge/discharge profile of Fe@Fe3O4-30
  • 
    Electrochemical characterization of the (+) CF@MnO2//Fe@Fe3O4-30 (-) wire-shaped all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor device. a CV curves collected in different scan voltage windows at the scan rate of 100 mV s-1. b CV curves of the device at different scan rates. c GCD curves of the device at different current. d Specific capacitance of the device as a function of current. e Ragone plots of the device calculated from GCD curves. The inset is a photograph of a red LED turned on by a wire-shaped all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor device. f Cycling stability of the device at a current density of 3.0 mA. The inset shows the last 10 charge/discharge profile.

• Recent Advances of Graphitic Carbon Nitride Based Structures and Appli-cations in Catalyst, Sensing, Imaging and LEDs

  Aiwu Wang1, 2, Chundong Wang1,*, Li Fu3, Winnie Wong-Ng4, Yucheng Lan5,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2017) 9: 47
  First Online: 15 May 2017 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0148-2

  • 
    a Triazine and b tri-s-triazine (heptazine) structures of g-C3N4. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [40]. Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society
  • 
    Crystal structure and optical properties of graphitic carbon nitride. a Schematic diagram of a per-fect graphitic carbon nitride sheet constructed from melem units. b Experimental XRD pattern of the polymeric carbon nitride, revealing a graphitic structure with an interplanar stacking distance of aromatic units of 0.326 nm. c UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectrum and image (inset) of g-C3N4. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [5]. Copyright 2009 Nature Publishing Group. Rep-resentation of the β-C3N4 (d), α-C3N4 (e), graphite-C3N4 (f), pseudocubic-C3N4 (g), and cubic-C3N4 (h). The carbon and nitrogen atoms are depicted as gray and blue spheres, respectively from Ref. [4]. Copyright 1996 American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • 
    a Schematic 3D g-C3N4 /Graphene structures. b, c SEM images of g-C3N4/graphene nanocompo-sites. Inset: TEM image. d C 1s, e N 1s XPS and f UV-vis spectra of g-C3N4/graphene nanocom-posites. Insets: photographs of the powder samples. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [66]. Copyright Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society
  • 
    a-c TEM images and d AFM image of g-C3N4 nanosheets. Inset of c: SAED pattern. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [52]. Copyright 2014 John Wiley and Sons. e Schematic illustration of top-down and bottom-up synthetic strategies for g-C3N4 nanosheets. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [68]. Copyright 2015 The Royal Society of Chemistry
  • 
    1D g-C3N4 nanostructures. a SEM image of nanotubes [79]. b TEM image of nanotubes [83]. c TEM image of nanorods [81]. d TEM image of porous nanorods [82]. Inset: pore size distribu-tion. e SEM image of nanofibers [30]. f SEM image of tubular structures [85]. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [79] (Copyright 2014 The Royal Society of Chemistry), with permission from Ref. [83] (Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society), with permission from Ref. [81] (Copyright 2014 American Chemical Society), with permission from Ref. [82] (Copyright 2012 The Royal Society of Chemistry), with permission from Ref. [30] (Copyright 2013 American Chemical Society), with permission from Ref. [85] (Copyright 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH), respectively
  • 
    Morphology characterization of the HR-CN sample. a SEM, b TEM, and c, d corresponding el-emental mapping images of g-C3N4. Reproduced from Ref. [80] by permission of the John Wiley & Sons Ltd. e A g-C3N4 layer and f A single g-C3N4 nanotube formed by rolling the g-C3N4 lay-er. Reproduced from Ref. [79] by permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry
  • 
    a HOMO-n and b LUMO+n orbitals of the single-layered g-C3N4, respectively. c HOMO-n and d LUMO+n orbitals of the double-layered g-C3N4, respectively. Reproduced from Ref. [87] by permission of John Wiley & Sons Ltd. e Schematic illustration of the controllable synthesis of g-C3N4 nanosheets, nanoribbons, and quantum dots. Reproduced from Ref. [86] by permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry
  • 
    a Typical H2 and O2 production from water under visible light irradiation. b Wavelength-dependent QE (red dots) of water splitting by composite catalyst. c QE for different concentra-tions of carbon dots/g-C3N4 catalysts in a fixed mass of composite catalyst. d QE for different catalyst loads with a constant carbon dot concentration in 150 ml of ultra-pure water. Repro-duced with permission from Ref. [95]. Coryright 2015 American Association for the Advance-ment of Science
  • 
    a In vivo tumor volume growth curves of mice in different groups after various treatments. b Body weight changes of Balb/c mice versus treated time under different conditions. c Photo-graphs of excised tumors from representative Balb/c mice after 14 day treatment and d the corre-sponding digital photographs of mice in the control group and “UCNPs@g-C3N4−PEG with 808 nm laser” group after 14 day treatment. e H&E stained tumor sections after 14 day treatment from different groups. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [118] Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society
  • 
    a Photoluminescence spectrum of the g-C3N4/silica-gels excited at 365 nm displaying four peaks (430, 480, 580, and 627 nm) in the visible regime. b, c Photographs of a free-standing g-C3N4/silica-gel membrane, displaying both good transparency b and flexibility c. d CIE-1931 chromaticity diagram showing the emission from the typical g-C3N4/silica-gels (marked by the black cross) excited at 365 nm. e FTIR spectra of AEATMS, g-C3N4-silica-gels, and g-C3N4 par-ticles. f Schematic drawing of an AEATMS-capped g-C3N4 particles in the g-C3N4/silica-gels. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [119]. Copyright 2016 Wiley

• Synergistic Effects in CNTs-PdAu/Pt Trimetallic Nanoparticles with High Electrocatalytic Activity and Stability

  Xin-Lei Cai1, Chang-Hai Liu2,*, Jie Liu1, Ying Lu1, Ya-Nan Zhong1, Kai-Qi Nie1, Jian-Long Xu1, Xu Gao1, Xu-Hui Sun1, Sui-Dong Wang1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2017) 9: 48
  First Online: 21 June 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0149-1

  • 
    TEM and HRTEM images of CNTs-PdAu/Pt trimetallic NPs and their size distribution with different Pd:Au:Pt ratios: a, b, c 1:3:2, d, e, f 2:2:2, and g, h, i 3:1:2
  • 
    HAADF-STEM images and regional elemental mapping of the Au, Pd, and Pt content of CNTs-PdAu/Pt trimetallic NPs with different Pd:Au:Pt ratios: a 1:3:2, b 2:2:2, and c 3:1:2
  • 
    XRD patterns of a CNTs-PdAu/Pt trimetallic NPs with different Pd:Au:Pt ratios and the CNTs-supported Au, Pd and Pt monometallic NPs and pristine CNTs. b A magnified view of CNTs-supported Pd and Pt monometallic NPs and pristine MWCNTs shown in a
  • 
    a Au 4f XPS spectra, and b normalized Au L3-edge XANES spectra of CNTs-PdAu/Pt trimetallic NPs with different Pd:Au:Pt ratios, Au/Pt bimetallic NPs, and Au NPs. The insets in b is magnified whiteline regions of as-obtained samples
  • 
    Pd 3d XPS spectra of CNTs-supported PdAu/Pt trimetallic NPs with different Pd:Au:Pt ratios, and Pd NPs
  • 
    a Pt 4f XPS spectra and b) Pt L3-edge XANES spectra of CNTs-supported PdAu/Pt trimetallic NPs with different Pd:Au:Pt ratios, Au/Pt and Pd/Pt bimetallic NPs, and Pt NPs
  • 
    CV curves for the MOR using: a CNTs-PdAu/Pt (3:1:2) NPs, Pd/Pt and Au/Pt bimetallic NPs, and a commercial Pt/C catalyst, and b CNTs-PdAu/Pt trimetallic NPs with different Pd:Au:Pt ratios. The durability (500 cycles) of the oxidation peak current for: c samples shown in a; and d samples shown in b
  • 
    CA curves for the MOR (–0.2 V vs Ag/AgCl in 1 M CH3OH + 1 M KOH) using: a CNTs-PdAu/Pt (3:1:2) NPs, Pd/Pt and Au/Pt bimetallic NPs, and a commercial Pt/C catalyst, and b MWCNTs-supported PdAu/Pt trimetallic NPs with different Pd:Au:Pt ratios

• Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Nanoparticle-Aggregated Ag-AgX(X=Cl, Br)@TiO2 Microspheres Under Visible Light

  Cuiling Zhang1,2,*, Hao Hua2, Jianlin Liu2, Xiangyu Han2, Qipeng Liu2, Zidong Wei2, Chengbin Shao1, Chenguo Hu2,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2017) 9: 49
  First Online: 25 June 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0150-8

  • 
    XRD patterns of a the Ag-AgCl@TiO2 NPAS samples and b Ag-AgBr@TiO2 NPAS samples
  • 
    FE-SEM images of Ag-AgCl@TiO2 NPAS: a S1, b S2, c S3, d S4, e S5, f S6, g-h S7 and i-l TEM and HRTEM images of sample S4
  • 
    FE-SEM images of Ag-AgBr@TiO2 NPAS: a S8, b S9, c S10, d S12, e S13, f S14 and g-i TEM and HRTEM images of sample S11
  • 
    XPS patterns of sample S4. Wide survey scan for a Ag-AgCl@TiO2 and b Ag-AgBr@TiO2, c Ti 2p, d Cl 2p, e Br 3p, f Ag 3d and g Ag 3d of sample S11, h Ag 3d in S4 and i Br 3p in S11 after 5 cycles of photocatalytic degradation. The inset EDS patterns of samples 4 and 11 are in the inset in (a-b)
  • 
    a UV-vis absorption spectra and b PL spectra of Ag-AgCl@TiO2, Ag-AgBr@TiO2, AgCl@TiO2 and AgBr@TiO2 structures
  • 
    a Comparisons of degradation rate with different samples in different stages; b Absorption spectrums of the degradation with sample S4 in different stages; c Comparisons of photocatalytic activities among the Ag-AgCl@TiO2 NPAS samples with different R under the visible light irradiation and TiO2 NPAS (S0) sample under the simulated sunlight irradiation in 60 min; d The result of the repeated experiments for five times with sample S4
  • 
    a Comparisons of degradation rate with different samples in different stages; b Comparisons of photocatalytic activities among the Ag-AgBr@TiO2 NPAS samples with different R and TiO2 NPAS sample under the visible light irradiation in 40 min; c Absorption spectrums of the degradation with sample S11in different stages; d The result of the repeated experiments for five times with sample S11
  • 
    The band structures and degradation mechanisms of a Ag-AgCl@TiO2 NPAS and b Ag-AgBr@TiO2 NPAS under visible-light

• Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides and Their Charge Carrier Mobilities in Field Effect Transistors

  Sohail Ahmed1, Jiabao Yi1,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2017) 9: 50
  First Online: 11 July 2017 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0152-6

  • 
    Schematic representation of the variation in liquid exfoliation process: a intercalation, b ion exchange and c ultrasonic exfoliation. (a-c) Reprinted from ref. [98] with permission from Copyright 2013, AAAS d Schematic representation of the CVD process e Schematic representation of large area MoS2 nano-sheet synthesis via dip and anneal technique. Reprinted with permission from ref. [101], Copyright 2012, American Chemical Society
  • 
    Idealized N-channel junction FET
  • 
    FET Tree
  • 
    (a–c) Preparation process of the single-layer MoS2 transistor. (d and e) the gate control of single-layer MoS2 transistor. Reprinted with permission from ref. [30], Copyright 2011, Nature Publishing Group
  • 
    a Effective hole mobility as a function of gate overdrive and b Output Characteristics of the p-type mono-layer WSe2 device. Reprinted with permission from ref. [168], Copyright 2012, American Chemical Society
  • 
    a Electron mobility as a function of dielectric constant. Dashed lines show the mobility without considering the SO phonons. b The critical impurity densities Ncr and c Room temperature electron mobility in mono-layer MoS2 surrounded by different dielectrics. d The room temperature net electron mobility in mono-layer MoS2 considering all kinds of scattering mechanisms as a function of impurity density (N). Reproduced from ref. [230]
  • 
    Hetero-structure based a FET composed of MoS2 (channel), h-BN (top-gate dielectric) and graphene (source, drain and top-gate electrodes). Redrawn from ref. [245] and b p-n junction fabricated from vertical stacked MoS2 (n-type) and WSe2 (p-type). Reprinted with permission from ref. [247]. Copyright (2015) American Chemical Society
  • 
    Theoretical charge carrier mobility of mono-layer 2D TMDC materials. Redrawn from ref. [254]

• A Mini Review on Nanocarbon-Based 1D Macroscopic Fibers: Assembly Strategies and Mechanical Properties

  Liang Kou1,#,*, Yingjun Liu2,#, Cheng Zhang1, Le Shao1, Zhanyuan Tian1, Zengshe Deng1, Chao Gao2,3,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2017) 9: 51
  First Online: 11 July 2017 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0151-7

  • 
    a Schematic of the experimental setup for spinning CFs using polymer-based coagulation spinning method. SEM images of b a CF and c a ribbon (black arrow indicates the main axis) deposited on a substrate. SEM images of DNA-SWNT fibers d (The insert image show the round cross section) and e a magnified image of the cross section of an SWNT bundle coated with DNA. f A 10 m-long MWNT fiber collected on a small winder. a-c Reproduced with permission from Ref. [6]. Copyright 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science. d, e Reproduced with permission from Ref. [8]. Copyright 2008, Wiley-VCH. f Copyright Reproduced with permission from Ref. [11]. Copyright 2005, American Chemical Society.
  • 
    a Polarizing optical microscopy (POM) observation of the SWNTs dispersed in 123% sulfuric acid. b Field emission gun scanning electron microscope (FEGSEM) image of a −1/2 disclination in the nematic phase for CNTs. c The apparatus used for mixing and extruding neat SWNT fibers. d A jet of SWNT dispersion being extruded from a capillary tube. e A 30 m-long spool of water-coagulated SWNT fiber. a, b Reproduced with permission from Ref. [13, 14]. Copyright 2006, American Chemical Society. c-e Reproduced with permission from Ref. [18]. Copyright 2004, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
  • 
    SEM images of a fiber at low a and high b magnification. Cross-sections of hollow (c, d), folded ribbon e and solid f fibers. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [19]. Copyright 2005, Wiley-VCH.
  • 
    a Optical photo showing the tungsten wire immersed in a SWNT colloidal solution (upper inset; scale bar 5mm), the SWNT fiber being formed during the withdrawal process (main panel; scale bar 10 mm). SEM image of the lower inset showing the magnified SWNT fiber in the dotted circle (scale bar 10 mm). b Schematic of the experimental setup and the formation mechanism of the SWNT fiber. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [20]. Copyright 2009, Wiley-VCH.
  • 
    a A CF pulled out from a free-standing CNT array, b magnified images and SEM images c of CNT array, d SEM image of the yarn of (a), transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of a single thread of the CFs shown in inset, SEM images of CF at low e and high f magnification, g CF forming a loop around a Ni wire and then twisted, h SEM image of a two-ply twisted fiber. a-d Reproduced with permission from Ref. [21]. Copyright 2002, Nature Publishing Group. e-h Reproduced with permission from Ref. [23]. Copyright 2007, Wiley-VCH.
  • 
    a Optical image showing a human hair and two as-grown SWNT fibers. SEM images of CF at low b and high c magnification. d HRTEM image of a top view of a SWNT fiber. Schematic of the direct spinning process with the spindle aligned at 25° e and normal to f the furnace axis. g Photograph of CFs wound from the spindle (left) onto a second spindle (right). SEM images of CF at low (h) and high (i) magnification. (j) A twisted CF after its removal from the furnace. SEM image of CFs showing a kink induced by bending (k) and showing an overhand knot (l). a-d Reproduced with permission from Ref. [27]. Copyright 2002, American Association for the Advancement of Science. e-j Reproduced with permission from Ref. [28]. Copyright 2004, American Association for the Advancement of Science. k, l Reproduced with permission from Ref. [29]. Copyright 2010, Wiley-VCH.
  • 
    a SEM image of a 200 nm-thick CF made from a CNT film with a width of 2mm. b The schematic image left illustrates the twisting process induced elongation for the film and the two SEM images right come from the unstrained and strained part of the film, respectively. c Illustration of the spinning process of spring-like CNT ropes. d SEM images of a 4.4 mm-long section of rope consisting of highly uniform, perfectly arranged loops. SEM images of Fermat e, Archimedean f and dual Archimedean g type scrolls, which are illustrated in the insets, respectively. h, i SEM images of Si3N4NT@MWNT biscrolled yarn. The brighter areas correspond to MWNTs. j SEM image of TiO2@MWNT yarn. SEM images of overhand knot in 95% LiFePO4@MWNT yarn k and carrick bend knot between two 88% SiO2@MWNT yarns (l). m Photograph of 85% TiO2@MWNT yarn sewn into Kevlar textile. a, b Reproduced with permission from Ref. [33]. Copyright 2009, Wiley-VCH. c, d Reproduced with permission from Ref. [36]. Copyright 2012, Wiley-VCH. e-m Reproduced with permission from Ref. [40]. Copyright 2011, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
  • 
    a Schematic illustration of the drawing–drying spinning process and optical images of the as-spun DWNT fibers. (b, c) SEM images of CNT cotton based fibers. d Schematic of fiber shaping by drawing CNT films through a series of diamond wire drawing dies. a Reproduced with permission from Ref. [41]. Copyright 2007, Wiley-VCH. b, c Reproduced with permission from Ref. [42]. Copyright 2007, Wiley-VCH. d Reproduced with permission from Ref. [44]. Copyright 2008, American Chemical Society.
  • 
    a POM observation of GO aqueous dispersions with a fingerprint texture of chiral phase. (b, c) Cryo-SEM images and POM textures for GO chiral LCs. d a tight knot of GF. (e, f) photos of GO yarns produced using a multi-hole spinneret. g POM observation of gel-state GO fiber showing birefringence. SEM images of a GO fiber h and its magnified cross-section i. a-d Reproduced with permission from Ref. [46]. Copyright 2011, Nature Publishing Group. e-i Reproduced with permission from Ref. [49]. Copyright 2013, Wiley-VCH.
  • 
    A SEM images illustrating the assembly process of the GO fiber. Schematic illustration of the apparatus B and assembly mechanism C of wet-spinning GO fibers. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [52]. Copyright 2012, Nature Publishing Group.
  • 
    Scheme for preparation of GO porous fibers a and hollow fibers f. SEM images of folded b, stretched c and fracture morphology d of GPFs. e Schematic core-shell structure model for GPFs. Photos of GO-HFs in coagulation bath g and the naturally dried GO-HFs (i). h SEM images of naturally dried GO-HF. j A Photo of necklace-like GO-HF. a-e Reproduced with permission from Ref. [54]. Copyright 2012, American Chemical Society. f-j Reproduced with permission from Ref. [55]. Copyright 2013, American Chemical Society.
  • 
    a Schematic illustration showing the coaxial spinning process. The magnified image of wet GO@CMC fiber b and GO@CMC fiber d. c POM image of wet GO@CMC fiber indicating the core-sheath structure and the well-aligned GO sheets in the core part. e The macroscopic photo of the RGO@CMC coaxial fiber. f Two intact coaxial fibers woven with cotton fiber. g Supercapacitor device based on the cloth fabricated by two coaxial fibers. h-j SEM images of coaxial fibers. SEM images of cross-sectional k and side l view of a two-ply YSC. Inset of i shows the schematic illustration of YSC. m SEM image of a two-ply YSC knot. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [56]. Copyright 2014, Nature Publishing Group.
  • 
    Schematic illustration of LCST strategy (a-e) and the resulting composite fibers (f, g). Morphology of fracture section of GO-HPG fibers (h, j) and deformation mechanism model under tensile. SEM images of the cross section (k, l) and lateral view (m) of a GO-SA fiber. a-j Reproduced with permission from Ref. [60]. Copyright 2014, Nature Publishing Group. k-m Reproduced with permission from Ref. [62]. Copyright 2016, Springer.
  • 
    a A photo of a mussel attached to Si substrate. b A schematic illustration of one-dimensionally aligned CFs reinforced by mussel-mimetic adhesives. SEM observations of fiber spinning process c and the spun CFs d. High magnification SEM images of the densified CF e and h-PEI-C treated CF f. Mechanical curves of the CFs. (g, h) Stress–strain curves of h-PEI-C-CNT (red) and h-PEI-C-CNT + Fe(III) (blue). Reproduced with permission from Ref. [80]. Copyright 2011, Wiley-VCH.

Most Viewed articles are updated on a monthly basis. Below are the journal’s Top 20 most viewed over the last 6 months.

• Nanogenerators for Self-Powered Gas Sensing

  Zhen Wen1, Qingqing Shen1, Xuhui Sun1,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2017) 9: 45
  First Online: 30 March 2017 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0146-4

  • 
    Design for converting nanoscale mechanical energy into electrical energy by a vertical piezoelectric ZnO NW based PENG. a SEM images of aligned ZnO NWs grown on α-Al2O3 substrate. b TEM images of ZnO NWs, showing the typical structure of the NW without an Au particle or with a small Au particle at the top (inset at center shows SAED pattern). c Experimental setup and procedures for generating electricity by deforming a piezoelectric NW with a conductive AFM tip. d Potential distribution for a ZnO NW in side view. e Electric signal collected by AFM on a ZnO NW array. Figures adapted from [10, 46].
  • 
    Surface free-carrier screening effect on the output of a ZnO NW based PENG and its potential as a self-powered active gas sensor. a Schematic diagram showing the structural design of the PENG (The inset is a photograph of a typical device). b SEM image of ZnO NW arrays grown on Ti foil in a top view (The inset shows SEM the cross-sectional view image). c HRTEM and SAED pattern taken from the tip region of a ZnO NW. d The working mechanism of the PENG driven by compressive strain. e The dependence of sensitivity on the ranging concentrations of H2S vapor. Figures adapted from [59].
  • 
    High response and selectivity of a Cu-ZnO NW PENG as a self-powered/active H2S sensor. a Schematic of a Cu-ZnO NW PENG as a self-powered/active H2S sensor. b SEM image of 5 at% Cu-ZnO NWs in top view. c HRTEM image and the SAED pattern of the edge region of a 5 at% Cu-ZnO NW. d Working mechanism of Cu-ZnO NW PENG as a self-powered/active H2S sensor. e A continuous responding-recovering process of the device against 500 ppm H2S. f Piezoelectric output voltage of the device under compressive force at room temperature in dry air and various concentrations of H2S. Figures adapted from [66].
  • 
    Conversion of PN-junction influencing the piezoelectric output of a CuO/ZnO nanoarray PENG and its application as a room-temperature self-powered active H2S sensor. a Schematic diagram showing the structure of the self-powered active gas sensor with two Kapton boards as the frame. b SEM image of CuO/ZnO nanoarrays on the top-view (The inset is an enlarged view of a selected area). c The sensitivity of the device upon exposure to different concentrations of H2S with one device repeatedly compressed by a constant applied strain of 0.012% at a frequency of 0.8 Hz. d The H2S-sensing mechanism of the self-powered active gas sensor based on CuO/ZnO PN-junction nanoarrays driven by compressive strain. Figures adapted from [71].
  • 
    A Highly selective and self-powered gas sensor via organic surface functionalization of p-Si/n-ZnO diodes. a Schematic of a singular p-n unit composed of p-Si μ-trenches. b The surface of the n-ZnO NWs was modifi ed by adding a SAM of functional groups. c SEM image of a singular p-Si/n-ZnO diode (scale bar: 10 μm). d Diagram of the ΔVoc response for different NO2 concentrations, for amine- and thiol-functionalized devices. e Most-stable geometries of NO2 molecules adsorbed at the thiol and amine functionalities. f Energy levels of the HOMO and LUMO of the functionalities without adsorbed NO2 and with adsorbed NO2. The averaged electrostatic potential from the core region of the Si atom of each functionality was used as reference potential. The HOMO level of the isolated thiol functionality was set to 0 for convenience. Figures adapted from [72].
  • 
    Synthesis of CdS nanorod arrays and their applications in flexible piezo-driven active H2S sensors. a Schematic diagram showing the structural design of the piezo-driven active H2S sensor based on CdS nanorod arrays. b SEM image of CdS NR arrays grown on Ti foil in a top view (The inset is an enlarged view of a selected area). c HRTEM and SAED pattern of the tip region of a CdS nanorod. d The piezoelectric voltage response of a device in dry air, H2S and pure oxygen at room temperature. The working mechanism of a CdS piezo-driven active H2S sensor. e The carrier density and depletion layer in CdS nanorods in H2S without compression and piezoelectric output under mechanical deformation. Figures adapted from [73].
  • 
    Invention and working principle of the first TENG that converts mechanical energy into electricity. a The construction and photography images in bending and releasing process and related electrical measurement tests. b Sketches that illustrate the operating principle. Figures adapted from [11, 74].
  • 
    A self-powered, room-temperature electronic nose based on triboelectrification and heterogeneous catalytic reaction. a Schematic illustration of the fabrication process of a self-powered electronic nose and an optical image of the as-fabricated device. SEM images of b the ZnO NWs and c the NiO nanoparticle-decorated ZnO NWs grown on the SiO2/Si (Scale bar, 500 nm). The output performance of the sensor elements comprising d NiO nanoparticle-decorated ZnO-PFTE and e NiO nanoparticle-decorated ZnO-PI under cycled compressive force of 50 N at an applied frequency of 4 Hz. Figures adapted from [96].
  • 
    A self-powered active hydrogen gas sensor with fast response at room temperature based on triboelectric effect. a Schematic of the as-fabricated triboelectric-based H2 sensor (TEHS). b FESEM images of the micropatterned PDMS surface (The insets show the enlarged view of the micropyramids PDMS). c Cross-section (I) and in-plane (II) micrographs of ZnO nanoparticles. d Variation of open-circuit voltage with and without H2 exposure. e The pressing and releasing signal peaks of the TEHS. f Response time characteristics of the TEHS. Schematic of the TEHS’s g triboelectric and h sensing mechanisms. Figures adapted from [97].
  • 
    Outputting olfactory bionic electric impulse by PANI/PTFE/PANI sandwich nanostructures and their application as flexible, smelling electronic skin. a Structure and fabrication process of the flexible smelling e-skin (The inset shows the photograph of the e-skin). b SEM image of PTFE nanostructures on the top view (The inset shows cross-section SEM image of PTFE NWs). c SEM image of PANI nanostructures on the top view. d and e The e-skin can be easily driven by gas flow (human heavy breath or blowing). f and g The e-skin can be easily driven by body motion (pressure). h Photograph of the self-powered breath–alcohol visual detecting system. i Real-time continuous responding/recovering process of the e-skin against 210 ppm ethanol gas flow. j An adult without drinking alcohol can light 8 LEDs. Figures adapted from [98].
  • 
    Blow-driven TENG as an active alcohol breathalyzer. a Schematic illustrations of the functional components of the blow-driven triboelectric nanogenerator, which mainly consists of three parts, a rotator, a stator and a soft elastic. b A SEM image of the FEP polymer NWs (scale bar, 500 nm). c A photograph of the as-fabricated stator (scale bar, 1 cm). d A schematic illustration of an as-fabricated device (scale bar, 2 cm). e The variation of the output voltage and current with external load resistances under a fixed blowing speed of 6 m/s (The inset shows the measurement circuit diagram). f A real-time continuously measured voltage profile to show the dynamic response to ambient alcohol concentrations. g A schematic illustration showing the self-power breathalyzer. Figures adapted from [102].

• A Wire-Shaped Supercapacitor in Micrometer Size Based on Fe3O4 Nanosheet Arrays on Fe Wire

  Guohong Li1, Ruchun Li2, Weijia Zhou2,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2017) 9: 46
  First Online: 19 April 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0147-3

  • 
    a-d SEM images of Fe@Fe3O4 at different magnifications
  • 
    a TEM and b HRTEM images of the Fe3O4. c The SAED pattern of the Fe3O4 (carefully scratched from Fe@Fe3O4)
  • 
    a XRD patterns of Fe and Fe@Fe3O4. b XPS fully scanned spectra, high resolution XPS spectrum of c Fe 2p and d O 1s of Fe3O4 scratched from Fe@Fe3O4
  • 
    a CV curves of Fe, Fe@Fe3O4-20, Fe@Fe3O4-30, and Fe@Fe3O4-40 at the scan rate of 50 mV s−1 in 3.0 M LiCl. b CV curves of the Fe@Fe3O4-30 electrode at different scan rates. c Specific capacitances of the Fe@Fe3O4-30 electrode as a function of scan rate. d GCD curves of the Fe@Fe3O4-30 electrode at different current densities. e Specific capacitances of Fe@Fe3O4-30 as a function of current. f Cycling stability of the Fe@Fe3O4-30 electrode at a current of 0.9 mA. Inset is the last 10 charge/discharge profile of Fe@Fe3O4-30
  • 
    Electrochemical characterization of the (+) CF@MnO2//Fe@Fe3O4-30 (-) wire-shaped all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor device. a CV curves collected in different scan voltage windows at the scan rate of 100 mV s-1. b CV curves of the device at different scan rates. c GCD curves of the device at different current. d Specific capacitance of the device as a function of current. e Ragone plots of the device calculated from GCD curves. The inset is a photograph of a red LED turned on by a wire-shaped all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor device. f Cycling stability of the device at a current density of 3.0 mA. The inset shows the last 10 charge/discharge profile.

• Recent Advances of Graphitic Carbon Nitride Based Structures and Appli-cations in Catalyst, Sensing, Imaging and LEDs

  Aiwu Wang1, 2, Chundong Wang1,*, Li Fu3, Winnie Wong-Ng4, Yucheng Lan5,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2017) 9: 47
  First Online: 15 May 2017 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0148-2

  • 
    a Triazine and b tri-s-triazine (heptazine) structures of g-C3N4. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [40]. Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society
  • 
    Crystal structure and optical properties of graphitic carbon nitride. a Schematic diagram of a per-fect graphitic carbon nitride sheet constructed from melem units. b Experimental XRD pattern of the polymeric carbon nitride, revealing a graphitic structure with an interplanar stacking distance of aromatic units of 0.326 nm. c UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectrum and image (inset) of g-C3N4. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [5]. Copyright 2009 Nature Publishing Group. Rep-resentation of the β-C3N4 (d), α-C3N4 (e), graphite-C3N4 (f), pseudocubic-C3N4 (g), and cubic-C3N4 (h). The carbon and nitrogen atoms are depicted as gray and blue spheres, respectively from Ref. [4]. Copyright 1996 American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • 
    a Schematic 3D g-C3N4 /Graphene structures. b, c SEM images of g-C3N4/graphene nanocompo-sites. Inset: TEM image. d C 1s, e N 1s XPS and f UV-vis spectra of g-C3N4/graphene nanocom-posites. Insets: photographs of the powder samples. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [66]. Copyright Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society
  • 
    a-c TEM images and d AFM image of g-C3N4 nanosheets. Inset of c: SAED pattern. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [52]. Copyright 2014 John Wiley and Sons. e Schematic illustration of top-down and bottom-up synthetic strategies for g-C3N4 nanosheets. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [68]. Copyright 2015 The Royal Society of Chemistry
  • 
    1D g-C3N4 nanostructures. a SEM image of nanotubes [79]. b TEM image of nanotubes [83]. c TEM image of nanorods [81]. d TEM image of porous nanorods [82]. Inset: pore size distribu-tion. e SEM image of nanofibers [30]. f SEM image of tubular structures [85]. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [79] (Copyright 2014 The Royal Society of Chemistry), with permission from Ref. [83] (Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society), with permission from Ref. [81] (Copyright 2014 American Chemical Society), with permission from Ref. [82] (Copyright 2012 The Royal Society of Chemistry), with permission from Ref. [30] (Copyright 2013 American Chemical Society), with permission from Ref. [85] (Copyright 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH), respectively
  • 
    Morphology characterization of the HR-CN sample. a SEM, b TEM, and c, d corresponding el-emental mapping images of g-C3N4. Reproduced from Ref. [80] by permission of the John Wiley & Sons Ltd. e A g-C3N4 layer and f A single g-C3N4 nanotube formed by rolling the g-C3N4 lay-er. Reproduced from Ref. [79] by permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry
  • 
    a HOMO-n and b LUMO+n orbitals of the single-layered g-C3N4, respectively. c HOMO-n and d LUMO+n orbitals of the double-layered g-C3N4, respectively. Reproduced from Ref. [87] by permission of John Wiley & Sons Ltd. e Schematic illustration of the controllable synthesis of g-C3N4 nanosheets, nanoribbons, and quantum dots. Reproduced from Ref. [86] by permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry
  • 
    a Typical H2 and O2 production from water under visible light irradiation. b Wavelength-dependent QE (red dots) of water splitting by composite catalyst. c QE for different concentra-tions of carbon dots/g-C3N4 catalysts in a fixed mass of composite catalyst. d QE for different catalyst loads with a constant carbon dot concentration in 150 ml of ultra-pure water. Repro-duced with permission from Ref. [95]. Coryright 2015 American Association for the Advance-ment of Science
  • 
    a In vivo tumor volume growth curves of mice in different groups after various treatments. b Body weight changes of Balb/c mice versus treated time under different conditions. c Photo-graphs of excised tumors from representative Balb/c mice after 14 day treatment and d the corre-sponding digital photographs of mice in the control group and “UCNPs@g-C3N4−PEG with 808 nm laser” group after 14 day treatment. e H&E stained tumor sections after 14 day treatment from different groups. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [118] Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society
  • 
    a Photoluminescence spectrum of the g-C3N4/silica-gels excited at 365 nm displaying four peaks (430, 480, 580, and 627 nm) in the visible regime. b, c Photographs of a free-standing g-C3N4/silica-gel membrane, displaying both good transparency b and flexibility c. d CIE-1931 chromaticity diagram showing the emission from the typical g-C3N4/silica-gels (marked by the black cross) excited at 365 nm. e FTIR spectra of AEATMS, g-C3N4-silica-gels, and g-C3N4 par-ticles. f Schematic drawing of an AEATMS-capped g-C3N4 particles in the g-C3N4/silica-gels. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [119]. Copyright 2016 Wiley

• Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Nanoparticle-Aggregated Ag-AgX(X=Cl, Br)@TiO2 Microspheres Under Visible Light

  Cuiling Zhang1,2,*, Hao Hua2, Jianlin Liu2, Xiangyu Han2, Qipeng Liu2, Zidong Wei2, Chengbin Shao1, Chenguo Hu2,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2017) 9: 49
  First Online: 25 June 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0150-8

  • 
    XRD patterns of a the Ag-AgCl@TiO2 NPAS samples and b Ag-AgBr@TiO2 NPAS samples
  • 
    FE-SEM images of Ag-AgCl@TiO2 NPAS: a S1, b S2, c S3, d S4, e S5, f S6, g-h S7 and i-l TEM and HRTEM images of sample S4
  • 
    FE-SEM images of Ag-AgBr@TiO2 NPAS: a S8, b S9, c S10, d S12, e S13, f S14 and g-i TEM and HRTEM images of sample S11
  • 
    XPS patterns of sample S4. Wide survey scan for a Ag-AgCl@TiO2 and b Ag-AgBr@TiO2, c Ti 2p, d Cl 2p, e Br 3p, f Ag 3d and g Ag 3d of sample S11, h Ag 3d in S4 and i Br 3p in S11 after 5 cycles of photocatalytic degradation. The inset EDS patterns of samples 4 and 11 are in the inset in (a-b)
  • 
    a UV-vis absorption spectra and b PL spectra of Ag-AgCl@TiO2, Ag-AgBr@TiO2, AgCl@TiO2 and AgBr@TiO2 structures
  • 
    a Comparisons of degradation rate with different samples in different stages; b Absorption spectrums of the degradation with sample S4 in different stages; c Comparisons of photocatalytic activities among the Ag-AgCl@TiO2 NPAS samples with different R under the visible light irradiation and TiO2 NPAS (S0) sample under the simulated sunlight irradiation in 60 min; d The result of the repeated experiments for five times with sample S4
  • 
    a Comparisons of degradation rate with different samples in different stages; b Comparisons of photocatalytic activities among the Ag-AgBr@TiO2 NPAS samples with different R and TiO2 NPAS sample under the visible light irradiation in 40 min; c Absorption spectrums of the degradation with sample S11in different stages; d The result of the repeated experiments for five times with sample S11
  • 
    The band structures and degradation mechanisms of a Ag-AgCl@TiO2 NPAS and b Ag-AgBr@TiO2 NPAS under visible-light

• A Mini Review on Nanocarbon-Based 1D Macroscopic Fibers: Assembly Strategies and Mechanical Properties

  Liang Kou1,#,*, Yingjun Liu2,#, Cheng Zhang1, Le Shao1, Zhanyuan Tian1, Zengshe Deng1, Chao Gao2,3,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2017) 9: 51
  First Online: 11 July 2017 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0151-7

  • 
    a Schematic of the experimental setup for spinning CFs using polymer-based coagulation spinning method. SEM images of b a CF and c a ribbon (black arrow indicates the main axis) deposited on a substrate. SEM images of DNA-SWNT fibers d (The insert image show the round cross section) and e a magnified image of the cross section of an SWNT bundle coated with DNA. f A 10 m-long MWNT fiber collected on a small winder. a-c Reproduced with permission from Ref. [6]. Copyright 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science. d, e Reproduced with permission from Ref. [8]. Copyright 2008, Wiley-VCH. f Copyright Reproduced with permission from Ref. [11]. Copyright 2005, American Chemical Society.
  • 
    a Polarizing optical microscopy (POM) observation of the SWNTs dispersed in 123% sulfuric acid. b Field emission gun scanning electron microscope (FEGSEM) image of a −1/2 disclination in the nematic phase for CNTs. c The apparatus used for mixing and extruding neat SWNT fibers. d A jet of SWNT dispersion being extruded from a capillary tube. e A 30 m-long spool of water-coagulated SWNT fiber. a, b Reproduced with permission from Ref. [13, 14]. Copyright 2006, American Chemical Society. c-e Reproduced with permission from Ref. [18]. Copyright 2004, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
  • 
    SEM images of a fiber at low a and high b magnification. Cross-sections of hollow (c, d), folded ribbon e and solid f fibers. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [19]. Copyright 2005, Wiley-VCH.
  • 
    a Optical photo showing the tungsten wire immersed in a SWNT colloidal solution (upper inset; scale bar 5mm), the SWNT fiber being formed during the withdrawal process (main panel; scale bar 10 mm). SEM image of the lower inset showing the magnified SWNT fiber in the dotted circle (scale bar 10 mm). b Schematic of the experimental setup and the formation mechanism of the SWNT fiber. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [20]. Copyright 2009, Wiley-VCH.
  • 
    a A CF pulled out from a free-standing CNT array, b magnified images and SEM images c of CNT array, d SEM image of the yarn of (a), transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of a single thread of the CFs shown in inset, SEM images of CF at low e and high f magnification, g CF forming a loop around a Ni wire and then twisted, h SEM image of a two-ply twisted fiber. a-d Reproduced with permission from Ref. [21]. Copyright 2002, Nature Publishing Group. e-h Reproduced with permission from Ref. [23]. Copyright 2007, Wiley-VCH.
  • 
    a Optical image showing a human hair and two as-grown SWNT fibers. SEM images of CF at low b and high c magnification. d HRTEM image of a top view of a SWNT fiber. Schematic of the direct spinning process with the spindle aligned at 25° e and normal to f the furnace axis. g Photograph of CFs wound from the spindle (left) onto a second spindle (right). SEM images of CF at low (h) and high (i) magnification. (j) A twisted CF after its removal from the furnace. SEM image of CFs showing a kink induced by bending (k) and showing an overhand knot (l). a-d Reproduced with permission from Ref. [27]. Copyright 2002, American Association for the Advancement of Science. e-j Reproduced with permission from Ref. [28]. Copyright 2004, American Association for the Advancement of Science. k, l Reproduced with permission from Ref. [29]. Copyright 2010, Wiley-VCH.
  • 
    a SEM image of a 200 nm-thick CF made from a CNT film with a width of 2mm. b The schematic image left illustrates the twisting process induced elongation for the film and the two SEM images right come from the unstrained and strained part of the film, respectively. c Illustration of the spinning process of spring-like CNT ropes. d SEM images of a 4.4 mm-long section of rope consisting of highly uniform, perfectly arranged loops. SEM images of Fermat e, Archimedean f and dual Archimedean g type scrolls, which are illustrated in the insets, respectively. h, i SEM images of Si3N4NT@MWNT biscrolled yarn. The brighter areas correspond to MWNTs. j SEM image of TiO2@MWNT yarn. SEM images of overhand knot in 95% LiFePO4@MWNT yarn k and carrick bend knot between two 88% SiO2@MWNT yarns (l). m Photograph of 85% TiO2@MWNT yarn sewn into Kevlar textile. a, b Reproduced with permission from Ref. [33]. Copyright 2009, Wiley-VCH. c, d Reproduced with permission from Ref. [36]. Copyright 2012, Wiley-VCH. e-m Reproduced with permission from Ref. [40]. Copyright 2011, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
  • 
    a Schematic illustration of the drawing–drying spinning process and optical images of the as-spun DWNT fibers. (b, c) SEM images of CNT cotton based fibers. d Schematic of fiber shaping by drawing CNT films through a series of diamond wire drawing dies. a Reproduced with permission from Ref. [41]. Copyright 2007, Wiley-VCH. b, c Reproduced with permission from Ref. [42]. Copyright 2007, Wiley-VCH. d Reproduced with permission from Ref. [44]. Copyright 2008, American Chemical Society.
  • 
    a POM observation of GO aqueous dispersions with a fingerprint texture of chiral phase. (b, c) Cryo-SEM images and POM textures for GO chiral LCs. d a tight knot of GF. (e, f) photos of GO yarns produced using a multi-hole spinneret. g POM observation of gel-state GO fiber showing birefringence. SEM images of a GO fiber h and its magnified cross-section i. a-d Reproduced with permission from Ref. [46]. Copyright 2011, Nature Publishing Group. e-i Reproduced with permission from Ref. [49]. Copyright 2013, Wiley-VCH.
  • 
    A SEM images illustrating the assembly process of the GO fiber. Schematic illustration of the apparatus B and assembly mechanism C of wet-spinning GO fibers. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [52]. Copyright 2012, Nature Publishing Group.
  • 
    Scheme for preparation of GO porous fibers a and hollow fibers f. SEM images of folded b, stretched c and fracture morphology d of GPFs. e Schematic core-shell structure model for GPFs. Photos of GO-HFs in coagulation bath g and the naturally dried GO-HFs (i). h SEM images of naturally dried GO-HF. j A Photo of necklace-like GO-HF. a-e Reproduced with permission from Ref. [54]. Copyright 2012, American Chemical Society. f-j Reproduced with permission from Ref. [55]. Copyright 2013, American Chemical Society.
  • 
    a Schematic illustration showing the coaxial spinning process. The magnified image of wet GO@CMC fiber b and GO@CMC fiber d. c POM image of wet GO@CMC fiber indicating the core-sheath structure and the well-aligned GO sheets in the core part. e The macroscopic photo of the RGO@CMC coaxial fiber. f Two intact coaxial fibers woven with cotton fiber. g Supercapacitor device based on the cloth fabricated by two coaxial fibers. h-j SEM images of coaxial fibers. SEM images of cross-sectional k and side l view of a two-ply YSC. Inset of i shows the schematic illustration of YSC. m SEM image of a two-ply YSC knot. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [56]. Copyright 2014, Nature Publishing Group.
  • 
    Schematic illustration of LCST strategy (a-e) and the resulting composite fibers (f, g). Morphology of fracture section of GO-HPG fibers (h, j) and deformation mechanism model under tensile. SEM images of the cross section (k, l) and lateral view (m) of a GO-SA fiber. a-j Reproduced with permission from Ref. [60]. Copyright 2014, Nature Publishing Group. k-m Reproduced with permission from Ref. [62]. Copyright 2016, Springer.
  • 
    a A photo of a mussel attached to Si substrate. b A schematic illustration of one-dimensionally aligned CFs reinforced by mussel-mimetic adhesives. SEM observations of fiber spinning process c and the spun CFs d. High magnification SEM images of the densified CF e and h-PEI-C treated CF f. Mechanical curves of the CFs. (g, h) Stress–strain curves of h-PEI-C-CNT (red) and h-PEI-C-CNT + Fe(III) (blue). Reproduced with permission from Ref. [80]. Copyright 2011, Wiley-VCH.

• Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides and Their Charge Carrier Mobilities in Field Effect Transistors

  Sohail Ahmed1, Jiabao Yi1,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2017) 9: 50
  First Online: 11 July 2017 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0152-6

  • 
    Schematic representation of the variation in liquid exfoliation process: a intercalation, b ion exchange and c ultrasonic exfoliation. (a-c) Reprinted from ref. [98] with permission from Copyright 2013, AAAS d Schematic representation of the CVD process e Schematic representation of large area MoS2 nano-sheet synthesis via dip and anneal technique. Reprinted with permission from ref. [101], Copyright 2012, American Chemical Society
  • 
    Idealized N-channel junction FET
  • 
    FET Tree
  • 
    (a–c) Preparation process of the single-layer MoS2 transistor. (d and e) the gate control of single-layer MoS2 transistor. Reprinted with permission from ref. [30], Copyright 2011, Nature Publishing Group
  • 
    a Effective hole mobility as a function of gate overdrive and b Output Characteristics of the p-type mono-layer WSe2 device. Reprinted with permission from ref. [168], Copyright 2012, American Chemical Society
  • 
    a Electron mobility as a function of dielectric constant. Dashed lines show the mobility without considering the SO phonons. b The critical impurity densities Ncr and c Room temperature electron mobility in mono-layer MoS2 surrounded by different dielectrics. d The room temperature net electron mobility in mono-layer MoS2 considering all kinds of scattering mechanisms as a function of impurity density (N). Reproduced from ref. [230]
  • 
    Hetero-structure based a FET composed of MoS2 (channel), h-BN (top-gate dielectric) and graphene (source, drain and top-gate electrodes). Redrawn from ref. [245] and b p-n junction fabricated from vertical stacked MoS2 (n-type) and WSe2 (p-type). Reprinted with permission from ref. [247]. Copyright (2015) American Chemical Society
  • 
    Theoretical charge carrier mobility of mono-layer 2D TMDC materials. Redrawn from ref. [254]

• Synergistic Effects in CNTs-PdAu/Pt Trimetallic Nanoparticles with High Electrocatalytic Activity and Stability

  Xin-Lei Cai1, Chang-Hai Liu2,*, Jie Liu1, Ying Lu1, Ya-Nan Zhong1, Kai-Qi Nie1, Jian-Long Xu1, Xu Gao1, Xu-Hui Sun1, Sui-Dong Wang1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2017) 9: 48
  First Online: 21 June 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0149-1

  • 
    TEM and HRTEM images of CNTs-PdAu/Pt trimetallic NPs and their size distribution with different Pd:Au:Pt ratios: a, b, c 1:3:2, d, e, f 2:2:2, and g, h, i 3:1:2
  • 
    HAADF-STEM images and regional elemental mapping of the Au, Pd, and Pt content of CNTs-PdAu/Pt trimetallic NPs with different Pd:Au:Pt ratios: a 1:3:2, b 2:2:2, and c 3:1:2
  • 
    XRD patterns of a CNTs-PdAu/Pt trimetallic NPs with different Pd:Au:Pt ratios and the CNTs-supported Au, Pd and Pt monometallic NPs and pristine CNTs. b A magnified view of CNTs-supported Pd and Pt monometallic NPs and pristine MWCNTs shown in a
  • 
    a Au 4f XPS spectra, and b normalized Au L3-edge XANES spectra of CNTs-PdAu/Pt trimetallic NPs with different Pd:Au:Pt ratios, Au/Pt bimetallic NPs, and Au NPs. The insets in b is magnified whiteline regions of as-obtained samples
  • 
    Pd 3d XPS spectra of CNTs-supported PdAu/Pt trimetallic NPs with different Pd:Au:Pt ratios, and Pd NPs
  • 
    a Pt 4f XPS spectra and b) Pt L3-edge XANES spectra of CNTs-supported PdAu/Pt trimetallic NPs with different Pd:Au:Pt ratios, Au/Pt and Pd/Pt bimetallic NPs, and Pt NPs
  • 
    CV curves for the MOR using: a CNTs-PdAu/Pt (3:1:2) NPs, Pd/Pt and Au/Pt bimetallic NPs, and a commercial Pt/C catalyst, and b CNTs-PdAu/Pt trimetallic NPs with different Pd:Au:Pt ratios. The durability (500 cycles) of the oxidation peak current for: c samples shown in a; and d samples shown in b
  • 
    CA curves for the MOR (–0.2 V vs Ag/AgCl in 1 M CH3OH + 1 M KOH) using: a CNTs-PdAu/Pt (3:1:2) NPs, Pd/Pt and Au/Pt bimetallic NPs, and a commercial Pt/C catalyst, and b MWCNTs-supported PdAu/Pt trimetallic NPs with different Pd:Au:Pt ratios

• Controlled Growth of Large-Area Aligned Single-Crystalline Organic Nanoribbon Arrays for Transistors and Light-Emitting Diodes Driving

  Wei Wang1, Liang Wang1, Gaole Dai1, Wei Deng1, Xiujuan Zhang1, Jiansheng Jie1, *, Xiaohong Zhang1	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2017) 9: 52
  First Online: 18 July 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0153-5

  • 
    Fabrication of large-area, single-crystalline organic nanoribbon arrays. a Schematic illustration of the procedure to fabricate BPEA nanoribbon arrays on the SiO2/Si substrate using dip-coating method. b Photograph of the dip-coating equipment. c 5×10 cm2 SiO2/Si substrate coated with BPEA nanoribbon arrays. d Optical microscope image of the large-area BPEA nanoribbon arrays on SiO2/Si substrate. Inset shows the corresponding enlarged optical microscope image
  • 
    TEM images of a the BPEA nanoribbon and d TIPS-PEN nanoribbon. b, e show the corresponding SAED patterns. c, f XRD patterns of BPEA and TIPS-PEN nanoribbon arrays fabricated on the SiO2/Si substrates, respectively. Insets show the molecular structures of BPEA and TIPS-PEN
  • 
    a Fluorescence microscope images and b the corresponding SEM images of BPEA nanoribbon arrays on the SiO2/Si substrate formed at coating speeds of 10, 30, and 80 μm s-1, respectively
  • 
    a Bright-field optical microscope images and b the corresponding SEM images of TIPS-PEN nanoribbon arrays on the SiO2/Si substrate formed at coating speeds of 10, 60, and 80 μm s-1, respectively
  • 
    AFM images of BPEA nanoribbon arrays (a, b) and TIPS-PEN nanoribbon arrays (c, d) formed at a coating speed of 80 μm s-1
  • 
    Typical transfer (VDS= -50 V) and output characteristics of BPEA (a, b) and TIPS-PEN (d, e) nanoribbon array-based OFETs with optimized device configurations on SiO2/Si substrates. Insets in a and d show the typical optical images of the BPEA and TIPS-PEN based OFETs, respectively. Corresponding statistical diagrams of mobilities are shown in c and f for BPEA and TIPS-PEN nanoribbon array-based OFETs, respectively
  • 
    a Circuit schematic of the ribbon array based OFET-LED system. b Photograph of one LED driven by the OFET based on TIPS-PEN ribbon arrays. c, d show the photographs of the LED pixels driven by the OFET based on TIPS-PEN ribbon arrays

• The Surface Coating of Commercial LiFePO4 by Utilizing ZIF-8 for High Electrochemical Performance Lithium Ion Battery

  XiaoLong Xu1, CongYu Qi1 (co-first author), ZhenDong Hao1, Hao Wang1,*, JinTing Jiu2, JingBing Liu1, Hui Yan1, Katsuaki Suganuma2	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 1
  First Online: 26 August 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0154-4

  • 
    a Schematic illustration of the synthesis process. b TEM image, c line scanning EDS, d surface coating layer structure of LFP/CZIF-8. Regular lattice fringes of e LFP, f graphite and g Zn crystal
  • 
    a An enlarged TEM image of LFP/CZIF-8. b The mechanism of conductivity improvement, FE I represents free electron in graphite, FE II is free electron in metal zinc.
  • 
    a The first charge and discharge curves of cathodes between 2.5 and 4.2 V at 0.1 C. b The enlarged figure remarked in a. The range of voltage is between 3.36 and 3.55 V, the range of specific capacity is between 5.0 and 55.0 mAh g-1. The distance between the voltage platforms of two discharge curves is about 54 mV.
  • 
    a Barrett-Joyner-Halenda pore-size-distribution and the isotherm shape of LFP and LFP/CZIF-8. b Working mechanism of the coating layer in LFP/CZIF-8
  • 
    a Nyquist plots of LFP and LFP/CZIF-8 cathodes in EIS curves. b The plots of impedance as a function of the inverse square root of angular frequency in the Warburg region
  • 
    First charge-discharge curves of the LIBs with the a LFP and c LFP/CZIF-8 at different rates. Capacity retention and Coulombic efficiency of the LIBs with the b LFP and d LFP/CZIF-8 for 50 cycles at different rates. e The discharge specific energy of different cathode samples for 10 cycles at 0.1–10.0C rates, respectively, then for 100 and 200 cycles at 10.0 and 5.0C rates, respectively

• Creation of Triple Hierarchical Micro-Meso-Macroporous N-doped Carbon Shells with Hollow Cores towards the Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction

  Ruohao Xing1, 2, Tingsheng Zhou2, Yao Zhou2, Ruguang Ma2, Qian Liu2, 3, *, Jun Luo1, 3, Jiacheng Wang2, 3, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 3
  First Online: 3 September 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0157-1

  • 
    Scheme for the synthesis of CANHCS with hollow macroporous core and hierarchical micro/mesopores as highly active metal-free electrocatalysts with improved activity for the ORR via a direct 4-electron reaction pathway. (I) N-doping of HPS by thermal treatment in NH3, and (II) etching NHCS via the reaction with CO2 at high temperature to form micro-mesopores within the shells
  • 
    Yield of the activated samples prepared by the activation of NHCSs with CO2 at different temperatures. Yield (%) = the ratio of the mass of the activated product divided by the mass of the original weight of NHCSs×100%
  • 
    SEM images of a HPSs, b NHCSs, c CANHCS-800, d CANHCS-900, e CANHCS-950 and f average diameters of carbon spheres calculated from panel a-e
  • 
    TEM images of a-b NHCSs and c-d CANHCS-950
  • 
    a N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, b the superficial areas and pore volumes in the range of micropore and mesopore, c pore distribution curves of NHCSs, CANHCS-800, CANHCS-900, and CANHCS-950
  • 
    a XPS spectra of NHCSs, CANHCS-800, CANHCS-900, and CANHCS-950, b-e high-resolution XPS analysis of N 1s for b CANHCS-800, c CANHCS-900, d CANHCS-950, and e NHCSs. f relative atomic percentage (%) of different N-functionalities received from the N 1s peaks
  • 
    Raman spectra of NHCSs, CANHCS-800, CANHCS-900, and CANHCS-950
  • 
    a Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of CANHCS-950 in N2 and O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH electrolyte at a scan rate of 50 mV s-1. b Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) curves of CANHCS-950 in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH electrolyte at different rotation rates from 400 to 2025 rpm. c K-L plots (i-1vs. ω-1/2) for CANHCS-950 calculated from LSV at diffident electrode potentials. d LSV curves of CANHCS-800, CANHCS-900, CANHCS-950, and NHCSs in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH solution at a scan rate of 10 mv s-1 and 1600 rpm. e The onset potential (Eonset) and the half-wave (E1/2) of CANHCS-800, CANHCS-900, CANHCS-950, and NHCSs in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH solution at a scan rate of 10 mV s-1and 1600 rpm. f Limiting current density of CANHCSs and NHCSs in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH at a scan rate of 10 mV s-1 and 1600 rpm
  • 
    a Rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) voltammograms for CANHCS-950 and Pt/C in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH electrolyte at a rotation rate of 1600 rpm with a ring potential at 0.2 V (vs. SCE) and b number of electrons transferred and peroxide yields of CANHCS-950 and Pt/C in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH electrolyte
  • 
    a Current-time (i-t) chronoamperometric responses for CANHCS-950 and 20% Pt/C in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH electrolyte at -0.6 V (vs. SCE) for the ORR at a rotating speed of 1600 rpm and b comparison of chronoamperometric responses over 1000 s at a constant rotation speed of 1600 rpm for CANHCS-950 and Pt/C in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH electrolyte with 3 M methanol added at 200 s

• Simultaneous Detection and Removal of Formaldehyde at Room Temperature: Janus Au@ZnO@ZIF-8 Nanoparticles

  Dawei Wang1, Zhiwei Li4, Jian Zhou3, Hong Fang3, Xiang He1, Puru Jena3, Jing-Bin Zeng2,*, Wei-Ning Wang1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 4
  First Online: 5 September 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0158-0

  • 
    a Schematic illustration for the anisotropic synthesis of Au NRs@ZnO@ZIF-8, with the selective detection of HCHO highlighted in b
  • 
    TEM images of a Au@ZnO core/shell NPs, b Au@ZnO@ZIF-8 NPs before and c after calcination; d XRD patterns of b and c; e UV-vis absorption spectra of samples in a, b, c, and pristine Au NRs. Scale bars in a, b, and c represent 250, 400, and 400 nm, respectively
  • 
    TEM images of Au@ZnO@ZIF-8 obtained at a 5 min, b 20 min, c 30 min; d pH and deprotonation rate plots versus time; e corresponding XRD patterns of samples in a, b, and c; f plots of Au@ZnO and Au@ZnO@ZIF-8 size versus time, insets are the represented TEM images of the products obtained at specific times; g FTIR absorption spectra for CTAB, Au@ZnO before calcination and after calcination at 300 °C in air for 2 h. Scale bars in a, b, and c represent 200 nm. Scale bars in the insets represent 60 nm
  • 
    Experimental set-up for HCHO detection
  • 
    a Dynamic response-recovery of Au@ZnO@ZIF-8 (Sample II) to HCHO with concentrations from 0.25 to 100 ppm, b Nitrogen sorption isotherms for Samples I, II and III, solid symbols represent adsorption branches, and blank symbols represent desorption branches. Sample I displays a type II isotherm, indicating its nonporosity; while with ZIF-8 coating, both Samples II and III display type I isotherm, suggesting their microporosity [28]. c Plots of sensor responses to HCHO concentration of different samples, inset is the typical TEM images of different samples. Optimized structures of one formaldehyde molecule adsorbed d on the surface of ZnO and e inside ZIF-8. A chemical bond is formed between the HCHO and Zn. In the case of ZIF-8, the HCHO forms a physisorption with the organic linker. Oxygen is in red, zinc in purple, carbon in grey, nitrogen in blue and hydrogen in pink
  • 
    Time-resolved DRIFTS spectra on a Sample I, b Sample II, and c Sample III. d Their corresponding kinetics of HCHO adsorption (Solid symbols), the blue curve represents the production kinetic of formic acid for sample II. e Enhancement of local electromagnetic field of Au@ZnO NPs. f Proposed mechanism of oxidation of HCHO into HCOOH

• MemBrain: An Easy-to-Use Online Webserver for Transmembrane Protein Structure Prediction

  Xi Yin1,†, Jing Yang1,†, Feng Xiao1, Yang Yang2, Hong-Bin Shen1,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 2
  First Online: 26 August 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0156-2

  • 
    The gap between known protein sequences and structures is rapidly expanding
  • 
    A screenshot of the submission interface of MemBrain webserver (www.csbio.sjtu.edu.cn/bioinf/MemBrain/)
  • 
    The pipeline of MemBrain for predicting transmembrane α-helices. For a query sequence, we generate the position specific scoring matrix as input features by searching against SWISS-PROT database using the PSI-BLAST tool. The OET-KNN algorithm is employed as the classifier with fused different sizes of sliding window for extracting features. Median filter is applied to smooth the profile of predicted probabilities. Finally, the dynamic threshold is effectively used to optimize the results of prediction.
  • 
    The pipeline of MemBrain-contact for predicting TMH-TMH contact map. We extract the TMH locations and topologies from protein database to build the training dataset. The co-evolved mutation analysis by PSICOV using multiple sequence alignment generated by PSI-BLAST and machine learning-based algorithm outputs are combined to generate the final predictions.
  • 
    The flowchart of MemBrain-Rasa prediction protocol. For a protein sequence, we extract six kinds of sequential features, which will be fed into the SVR classifier. We also designed a segment template similarity-based prediction engine for searching similar segments as templates for the target sequence against a locally constructed structure data pool. The outputs of the two engines are combined together to improve the prediction of relative accessible surface area.

• A New Method for Fitting Current-Voltage Curves of Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells

  Peizhe Liao1, Xiaojuan Zhao1, Guolong Li2, Yan Shen1, Mingkui Wang1,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 5
  First Online: 11 September 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0159-z

  • 
    a Single PN junction model for PSCs, and b new double PN junction model improved for planar perovskite solar cells with JL (the light induced current), JD (the dark current or the forward current of PN junction diode under the sunlight), Rs (the series resistance), Rsh (shunt resistance, a fictional parameter to represent the size of leakage current), J (output current of the cell), and V (voltage flowing through the external load). c Planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells with TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3-xClx/Sprio-OMeTAD/Au device architecture
  • 
    Energy band diagram of different PN junction photovoltaic devices a A PN junction solar cell. b A P-I-N solar cell with homogenous built-in electric field c CH3NH3PbI3-xClx perovskite-based cell with in-homogenous built-in electric field
  • 
    a Current-voltage curve for planar perovskite solar cells using TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3-xClx/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au architecture, the perovskite films prepared by mixing with different concentrations of Cl ions. The measurements are carried out under 100 mW cm-2. b Plots of -dV/dJ vs ((1+R_sh^(-1) dV/dJ)/(J_sc-J-V/R_sh )) (symbols) and the linear fitted curve (solid lines), c Plots of ln(Jsc-J-V/Rsh) vs V+JRs (symbols) and the linear fitted curve (solid lines)
  • 
    Plots of dark current of planar PSCs as well as fitting curve by using Eq. 13. a The device structure is shown in Fig. 1c, the perovskite films prepared by mixing with different concentrations of Cl ions. b The device structure is PEDOT:PSS/CH3NH3PbI3-xClx/PCBM/Hole blocking layer/Al, with the original data coming from the Ref. [8]. The inset region A, B, C, D is mainly determined by shunt current, recombination current in diode space charge region, diffusion current, diode diffusion current limited by series resistance, respectively.

• Synthesis of 3D Hexagram-like Cobalt-Manganese Sulfides Nanosheets Grown on Nickel Foam: A Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting

  Jingwei Li1, Weiming Xu1, Jiaxian Luo1, Dan Zhou1, Dawei Zhang1, Licheng Wei1, Peiman Xu1, Dingsheng Yuan1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 6
  First Online: 17 September 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0160-6

  • 
    The characterization results of CMS/Ni: a-c SEM images in different magnifications, d TEM image, e HRTEM image, f elemental mapping images, and g-i XPS spectra
  • 
    a Polarization curves, b Tafel plots, c plots of the current density for CMS/Ni, Co9S8/Ni, MnS/Ni at potential of 0.174 V against the scan rates, and d chronoamperometric curve (The inset is polarization curves before and after 1000 CV cycles)
  • 
    a Polarization curves, b Tafel plots, c chronoamperometric curve, and d polarization curves before and after 1000 CV cycles
  • 
    a Polarization curves of CMS/Ni//CMS/Ni, 50 wt% Pt/C/Ni//RuO2/Ni and Ni//Ni for overall water splitting (The inset is a device for overall water splitting). b Chronopotentiometry curve of CMS/Ni//CMS/Ni (The inset is volume of O2 and H2 generated for theoretically calculated and experimentally measured versus time).

• Facile Approach to Synthesize Gold Nanorod@Polyacrylic Acid/Calcium Phosphate Yolk-Shell Nanoparticles for Dual-Mode Imaging and pH/NIR-Responsive Drug Delivery

  Guilan Li1, Yidan Chen1, Lingyu Zhang1, Manjie Zhang1, Shengnan Li1, Lu Li1, Tingting Wang2,*, Chungang Wang1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 7
  First Online: 22 August 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0155-3

  • 
    TEM images of a AuNRs; b AuNR@mSiO2 core-shell NPs; c AuNR@mSiO2@PAA-Ca core-shell NPs; d AuNR@mSiO2@PAA/CaP core-shell NPs; e AuNR@PAA/CaP yolk-shell NPs, the inset shows the SEM image of the yolk-shell NPs; f UV-Vis absorbance spectra of (I) AuNRs, (II) AuNR@mSiO2 core-shell NPs, (III) AuNR@mSiO2@PAA/CaP core-shell NPs, and (IV) AuNR@PAA/CaP yolk-shell NPs
  • 
    a Variation of temperature as a function of different Au concentrations irradiated with an 808 nm laser (power density: 1.0 W cm-2); b Photothermal images of the yolk-shell NPs solution at different Au concentrations, and pure water exposed to the 808 nm laser (1.0 W cm-2) recorded at different time intervals; c NIR-induced temperature increase at various lasers power densities in aqueous solution (808 nm, 0.5 mM); d Temperature monitoring of the yolk-shell NPs aqueous suspension (the Au concentration: 0.5 mM) during for successive cycles of an on-and-off laser; e Fluorescence microscopy images of HeLa cells with different treatments via staining with calcein AM: (1) control; (2) yolk-shell NPs only; (3) laser irradiation only; (4) yolk-shell NPs with laser irradiation (scale bars: 200 m)
  • 
    a UV-Vis absorption spectra and photographs (inset) of original DOX aqueous solution (1) and the residual DOX content in the supernatant after interaction with AuNR@PAA/CaP yolk-shell NPs (2); b DOX-release profiles of DOX from DOX-loaded yolk-shell NPs in PBS buffer: pH = 7.4, 5.0, and 5.0, with periodic laser ON/OFF irradiation (808 nm, 1.0 W cm-2); c Cytotoxicity assays of HeLa cells incubated withdifferent treatments (laser, NPs, DOX, NPs + DOX, NPs + laser and NPs + DOX + laser, laser irradiation: 1.0 W cm-2, 5 min)
  • 
    CLSM images of HeLa cells incubated with DOX-loaded AuNR@PAA/CaP yolk-shell NPs for 0.5, 2, and 6 h (scale bar: 10 μm)
  • 
    a CT images of AuNR@PAA/CaP yolk-shell NPs and b linear relationship of CT signal intensities versus Au concentrations; c PA images and d linear relationship of PA signal intensities with different Au concentrations

• From Two-Phase to Three-Phase: The New Electrochemical Interface by Oxide Electrocatalysts

  Zhichuan J. Xu1,2,3	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 8
  First Online: 07 October 2017 (Perspectives)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0161-5

  • 
    Schematic displaying the difference between the electrochemical interfaces of a a carbon-supported metal and b a metal oxide