Volume 10, Issue 3 (2018)

• Towards Enhancing Wearability and Fashion of Wearable Supercapacitor with Modified Polyurethane Artificial Leather Electrolyte

  Yan Huang1, 2, Zijie Tang3, Zhuoxin Liu3, Jun Wei4, Hong Hu5, Chunyi Zhi3, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 38
  First Online: 17 January 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0191-7

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    Schematics of PU artificial leather modification to serve as a polyelectrolyte of an artificial leather supercapacitor. a From wPU to miwPU: (i) wPU without free ions, (ii) iwPU with ionic groups grafted on polymer chains, (iii) miwPU with the presence of NaCl and dyes. b The artificial leather supercapacitor comprising the miwPU electrolyte, PPy@CNT sheet electrodes, and miwPU artificial leather with patterns transferred from an arbitrary substrate
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    a Fluorescence emission spectra of miwPU films with and without NaCl modification when excited at 365 nm (Inset is a photograph of the miwPU film under the excitation). b Ionic conductivities at various contents of NaCl in the miwPU film. c An SEM picture of CNT sheets (Scale bar is 1 µm). d An SEM picture of the CNT sheets on which PPy are electrodeposited (Scale bar is 1 µm).
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    a CV profiles at scan rates ranging from 0.005 to 1 V s-1. b GCD profiles at current densities ranging from 5 to 250 µA cm-2. c Areal capacitances calculated according to CV (red) and GCD (blue) profiles of the PPy@CNT sheet electrode using the miwPU polyelectrolyte. d Charge/discharge cycling stability (inset is GCD curves at various cycle numbers). e CV profiles of the supercapacitor undergoing consecutive deformations (scan rate: 0.05 V s-1). f CV profiles of the waterproof spray-sprinkled supercapacitor prior to and after water sputtering (scan rate: 0.1 V s-1)
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    a Fluorescent miwPU artificial leathers with various patterns. b CV curves of patterned miwPU artificial leather supercapacitors. c GCD curves of patterned miwPU artificial leather supercapacitors. d The fluorescent supercapcitor sleeve under excitation. e The supercapacitor sleeve powering a light-emitting diode

• Non-covalently Functionalized Graphene Oxide-Based Coating to Enhance Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of PVA Film

  Wenhua Chen1,#, Pengju Liu1,#, Lizhen Min1, Yiming Zhou1, Yuan Liu1,[1], Qi Wang1, Wenfeng Duan2	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 39
  First Online: 11 January 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0190-8

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    Schematic diagram showing overall processing of non-covalently FGO
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    TEM images of a GO and b FGO. c XRD patterns and d Raman spectra of GO and FGO
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    TGA profiles of GO and FGO under nitrogen atmosphere
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    a Schematic diagram of LBL assembly of FGO/PEI bilayers on PVA film. b SEM top-view images and c cross-section images of the coated sample. d Photographs showing excellent flexibility of the coated PVA film
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    a UV-Vis spectra of GO-based multilayers deposited on PVA substrate and b absorption intensity at 231 nm as a function of bilayer number
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    a TGA profiles of neat PVA, PVA/FGO, and PVA coated with different FGO-based layers. Schematic depicting degradation processes of b pure PVA and c coated PVA
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    a HRR and b THR profiles of pure PVA, PVA/GO, and self-assembled FGO-coated PVA with different numbers of bilayers
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    Snapshots of flame treatment of a PVA film, b PVA/FGO composite film, and c LBL-assembled FGO-coated PVA film with 10 bilayers with respect to time in 9 s. d Raman spectra of PVA coated with different self-assembled (FGO/PEI) bilayers after flame treatment. SEM images of external surfaces of FGO-based coating residue with e 10, f 20, and g 30 bilayers and internal surfaces of FGO-based coating residue with h 10, i 20, and j 30 bilayers. The insert shows XPS spectra of external and internal surfaces of FGO-based coating residue
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    Scheme of the flame-retardant behaviors of a PVA/FGO composite and b FGO multilayer-coated PVA
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    Snapshots of flame treatment of PVA sheet coated with 30 LBL-assembled bilayers based on a GO and b FGO with respect to time in 40 s. c Photographs showing morphology of films before and after flame treatment. d Schematic diagram of char structure of FGO-based residue layer

• A Review: Enhanced Anodes of Li/Na-Ion Batteries Based on Yolk-Shell Structured Nanomaterials

  Cuo Wu1, Xin Tong1, Yuanfei Ai1,  De-Sheng Liu1, Peng Yu1, Jiang Wu1, 2, Zhiming M. Wang1, *	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 40
  First Online: 17 January 2018 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0194-4

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    Graphics illustration of yolk-shell structure: a single shell with single yolk, b double shells with a single yolk, c multiple shells with a single yolk, and d single shell with multiple yolks. Reprinted with permission from Refs. [21, 55, 133]. TEM images of: e single shell with single yolk, f double shells with single yolk, and g single shell with multiple yolks. h SEM, i TEM, j HRTEM and k element mapping images of triple shells with single yolk. Reprinted with permission from Refs. [58, 60, 62, 68]
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    Schematic demonstration of novel YS structure of: a polystyrene spheres (PS)@NiCo2S4, Reprinted with permission from Ref. [71]. b urchin-like Bi2S3@polypyrrole(ppy), Reprinted with permission from Ref. [72]. c rough VO2 microspheres, Reprinted with permission from Ref. [73] and d pomegranate-like Si@C. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [75]. The corresponding TEM images of e PS@NiCo2S4, and f Bi2S3@ppy. Reprinted with permission from Refs. [71, 72]. g1 FESEM and g2 TEM images of VO2 microspheres. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [73]. h SEM image of pomegranate-like Si@C particles. Inset shows the spherical morphology in overall. i Details of sub-YS nanospheres in a single pomegranate-like Si@C particle. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [75]
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    a Schematic illustration YS Fe3O4@C nanobox following 1-, 2-, and 3-h etching time. The TEM images (b1 , b2, b3) of Fe3O4@C nanobox are showed in the dashed box corresponding to 1-, 2-, and 3-h etching, respectively. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [84]. Graphic illustrations of c YS nanoprism of Ni-Co mixed oxide, d YS octahedral Fe2P@C, and e YS octahedral Au nanorod@Cu7S4. f TEM image of YS Ni-Co mixed oxide nanoprism. g1 SEM image and g2 TEM octahedral Fe2P@C. h TEM octahedral Cu7S4 shell with Au nanorod yolk. Reprinted with permission from Refs. [80, 82, 88]
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    a1- a5 Schematic illustration of synthesis process of YS Au@TiO2 nanorod. The corresponding TEM images of synthesis process: b-d the as-prepared Au@TiO2 nanorod with different aspect ratios. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [92]
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    TEM images and electrochemical performance of LIB assembled with YS structure anode: a Sn@C nanocube, the corresponding b cyclic voltammetry curves and c cyclic performance. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [87]. d Ni2P wrapped by graphene networks, the corresponding e rate performance at different current densities, and f long-term cycle performance. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [124]. g urchin-like Bi2S3@ppy, the corresponding h galvanostatic profiles and i long-term cyclic performance. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [72]. j Fe3O4@Fe3C nanospindle and k the corresponding long-term cyclic performance. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [93]. l Schematic illustration of volume expansion of YS structure yolk after lithiation. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [104]
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    a TEM image and b HRTEM image of FeS2@C with 45-minute etching. Element mapping images of: c FeS2@C-0 and d FeS2@C-45. e Comparison of rate performance of FeS2@C-0 and FeS2@C-45 at various current densities. f Variation of capacity retention of FeS2@C-0 and FeS2@C-45 in 100 cycles performance at 100 mA g-1. g Long-term cyclic performance of FeS2@C-0 and FeS2@C-45. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [86]

• Noninvasive Label-Free Detection of Cortisol and Lactate Using Graphene Embedded Screen-Printed Electrode

  Satish K. Tuteja1, Connor Ormsby1, Suresh Neethirajan1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 41
  First Online: 23 January 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0193-5

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    Schematic representation of a portable, handheld potentiostat assembled with Bluetooth communication and battery operation to allow for point-of-care applications. The prototype electrode is attached to patient’s arm and connected to handheld potentiostat to run test and data will be sent to the mobile app to be displayed to the user.
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    Schematic illustration of carbon screen printed electrode: CE: counter electrode, RE: reference electrode. Working electrode surface is with sequence of surface modifications for bioassay fabrication. The e-RGO (electro reduced graphene oxide)-modified SPEs were then functionalized with cortisol and lactate antibodies to develop a biointerface for label-free electrochemical immunosensing.
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    a LSV based characterization of electroreduction steps of GO to e-RGO. b Electrodeposition of graphene by CV. c The CV curves at different stages of SPE modification
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    a Functionalization study of GO and e-RGO using FTIR analysis. b Raman spectra of GO and e-RGO. c XPS analysis of GO and e-RGO
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    a SEM analysis of dual SPE before electrodeposition. b SEM analysis of SPE afterelectroreduction. c High magnification SEM images of electrodeposited e-RGO over the dual SPE. d TEM image of e-RGO. e, f AFM image of e-RGO
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    Chronoamperometric curve recorded from Ab@e-RGO SPE vs. different concentrations of a antigen cortisol, b antigen lactate. c Calibration curve from anti cortisol Ab@e-RGO SPE against various concentrations of antigen cortisol. d Calibration curve from anti lactate Ab@e-RGO SPE against various concentrations of antigen lactate. e, f Investigations of sensor response towards cortisol and lactate respectively, in addition to other non-specific proteins, to assess the device’s specificity (concentration was fixed at 1 mM)

• Layer-by-Layer Assembled Bacterial Cellulose/Graphene Oxide Hydrogels with Extremely Enhanced Mechanical Properties

  Honglin Luo1, 2, Jiaojiao Dong1, Fanglian Yao3, Zhiwei Yang1, Wei Li1, Jie Wang1, Xinhua Xu2, Jian Hu 1, *, Yizao Wan1, 2, *	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 42
  First Online: 27 February 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0195-3

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    Schematic illustration of the typical fabrication process of BC/GO nanocomposite hydrogel. The mixture of GO suspension and culture medium of BC was sprayed onto the BC0 base film (in the first cycle) or the newly grown BC/GO (in the subsequent cycles) followed by in situ culture.
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    a Digital photos of c-BC/GO and BC/GO hydrogels. SEM images taken from the surface layers of b BC, c BC/GO-1, d BC/GO-2, and e BC/GO-3. f Magnified SEM and g TEM images of the “leaf and vein” nanostructure of BC/GO-2. h A representative SEM image of BC/GO-3 from central area indicating the uniform structure
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    a XRD patterns of BC0, BC, and BC/GO nanocomposites. b FTIR spectra of BC, GO, and BC/GO nanocomposites. c Wide-scan XPS spectra of BC and BC/GO-2 (c1), high resolution C 1s spectra of BC (c2) and BC/GO-2 (c3). d Raman spectra of pristine GO and BC/GO-2 nanocomposite
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    The nitrogen adsorption/desorption curves and pore size distribution curves of a BC, b BC/GO-1, c BC/GO-2, and d BC/GO-3
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    Water contact angles of BC and BC/GO nanocomposites
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    Typical a stress-strain, b tensile strength, c tensile modulus, and d strain at break of BC and BC/GO nanocomposites
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    Schematic diagram of “leaf and vein” nanostructure of BC/GO prepared by LBLA strategy. The layer-by-layer culture mode facilitates the bundling of 2D GO nanosheets by 1D BC nanofibers and promotes distribution of 2D GO nanosheets in 3D BC matrix

• Formamidinium Lead Bromide Perovskite Microcrystals for Sensitive and Fast Photodetectors

  Fengying Zhang1, 2, Bin Yang2, Kaibo Zheng3, Songqiu Yang2, Yajuan Li2, Weiqiao Deng2, *, Rongxing He1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 43
  First Online: 05 March 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0196-2

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    a Top-view and b cross-sectional SEM images. c XRD pattern d Steady-state absorption spectrum of FAPbBr3 MCs film. Left insets: the optical bandgap extracted from Tauc plot; right insets: PL spectrum. e PL decay of the sample excited at 376 nm, which could be well fitted by biexponential functions. f Current–voltage responses of FAPbBr3 MCs
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    a Current–voltage characteristics measured under back-side excitation with varying light intensity. b Responsivity and corresponding current as a function of incident light power under back-side illumination. The detector was biased at 5 V. c EQE and detectivity under different light illuminations. d Response time measured by a monochromatic source of 495 nm under back-side illumination and rise time and fall time
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    a Spectral-dependent photocurrent under front-side and back-side excitation at 1 mW cm−2 and a bias voltage of 5 V. b Photocurrent response measured using a series of bias voltages: 2, 3, 4, and 5 V, at an excitation of 495 nm. Normalized spectral-dependent photocurrent under different bias voltages under c back-side and d front-side excitation
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    a Schematic showing two-photon absorption of 800 nm light and up-conversion to 567 nm PL. b Photocurrent and c responsivity dependence at an input light intensity of 800 nm and a bias of 5 V. d Fall time measured using pulsed light of 800 nm

• Metal-Organic Framework-Assisted Synthesis of Compact Fe2O3 Nanotubes in Co3O4 Host with Enhanced Lithium Storage Properties

  Song Lin Zhang1, Bu Yuan Guan1, *, Hao Bin Wu2, Xiong Wen (David) Lou1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 44
  First Online: 11 March 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0197-1

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    Schematic illustration of the formation process of the Fe2O3 nanotubes@Co3O4 composite. (I) Self-assembly of MIL-88B nanorods, Co2+ ions, and 2-methylimidazole (2-MIM) to a MIL-88B@ZIF-67 composite. (II) Transformation to Fe2O3 nanotubes@Co3O4 composite through thermal treatment in air
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    FESEM images of a PVP-functionalized MIL-88B nanorods and c, d MIL-88B@ZIF-67 composites. TEM images of b PVP-functionalized MIL-88B nanorods and e, f MIL-88B@ZIF-67 composites
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    XRD patterns of MIL-88B@ZIF-67 composites, MIL-88B and ZIF-67. Insets show the digital photographs of the MIL-88B@ZIF-67 composites and ZIF-67
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    a–c FESEM images and d–f TEM images of the Fe2O3 nanotubes@Co3O4 composites
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    a XRD pattern of the Fe2O3 nanotubes@Co3O4 composites. b N2 sorption isotherms of the Fe2O3 nanotubes@Co3O4 composites. Inset gives the pore size distribution
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    a HAADF-STEM image of Fe2O3 nanotubes@Co3O4 composite particles. Elemental mapping images of b Fe, c Co, and d O
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    Electrochemical characterization of the Fe2O3 nanotubes@Co3O4 composite as an anode material in LIBs. a Discharge-charge voltage profiles in the voltage range 0.01–3.0 V at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. b cycling performance and corresponding Coulombic efficiency at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. c rate performance at various current densities from 0.1 to 2 A g−1

• Highly Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven Photoelectrochemical Performance of ZnO-Modified In2S3 Nanosheet Arrays by Atomic Layer Deposition

  Ming Li1,2, Xinglong Tu1,3, Yunhui Wang4, Yanjie Su1,*, Jing Hu1, Baofang Cai1, Jing Lu3,*, Zhi Yang1, Yafei Zhang1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 45
  First Online: 23 March 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0199-z

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    a Schematic illustration of the preparation of In2S3/ZnO NSAs. Cross-sectional SEM images of the In2S3/ZnO-x NSAs with different ZnO overlayer thicknesses: b–g 0, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 nm, respectively. Insets: the corresponding top-view SEM images
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    XRD patterns of the In2S3/ZnO-x NSAs compared to those of the FTO substrate and pristine In2S3 NSAs
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    TEM characterization of the In2S3 and In2S3/ZnO-5 nanosheets: a Low-magnification and b high-magnification TEM images, c SAED pattern of the In2S3 nanosheets, inset: HRTEM image, d low-magnification and e high-magnification TEM images, f SAED pattern of the In2S3/ZnO-5 nanosheets, inset: HRTEM image, and g–j element mapping of In, S, Zn, and O, respectively, for the area of the white dotted box of In2S3/ZnO-5 nanosheets shown in d
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    a Transmission, b reflection, c absorption spectra, and d the absorptance at 450 nm as a function of the ZnO thickness for the In2S3/ZnO-x NSAs
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    a LSV curves of the pristine In2S3 and In2S3/ZnO-50 nm NSAs under chopped AM 1.5G simulated solar illumination, b photocurrent of In2S3/ZnO-x NSAs at 1.5 V vs. RHE as a function of the thickness of ZnO overlayer, c amperometric I-t curves, d photoconversion efficiency vs. applied bias potential curves, e Nyquist plots, and f Mott–Schottky plots of the pristine In2S3 and In2S3/ZnO-50 NSAs
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    a IPCE of the pristine In2S3 NSA, ZnO-50nm film, and In2S3/ZnO-50 NSAs at 1.23 V vs. RHE; b Amperometric I–t curves of the pristine In2S3, In2S3/ZnO-50 and In2S3/ZnO-100 NSAs at 1.23 V vs. RHE under chopped AM 1.5G illumination
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    a Low and b high binding energy regions of UPS spectra for In2S3, ZnO (100 nm) and In2S3/ZnO-5. c Schematic band alignment for In2S3 and ZnO before the formation of heterojunction
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    Schematic energy level diagrams illustrating the photoactivated charge transfer processes in In2S3/ZnO heterojunction photoanode: a without bias, b with small positive bias, and c with big positive bias

• Improved Electrochemical Performance Based on Nanostructured SnS2@CoS2-rGO Composite Anode for Sodium-Ion Batteries

  Xia Wang1,*, Xueying Li1, Qiang Li1, Hongsen Li1, Jie Xu1, Hong Wang1, Guoxia Zhao1, Lisha Lu1, Xiaoyu Lin1, Hongliang Li2, Shandong Li1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 46
  First Online: 2 April 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0200-x

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    a XRD patterns of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite, SnS2-rGO composite and CoS2-rGO composite. b Raman spectra of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite and rGO
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    XPS spectra of a Sn 3d, b Co 2p, c S 2p and d C 1s core levels of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite
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    a-c low- and high- magnification SEM images, d TEM image, e HRTEM image, f SAED pattern and g-k STEM image and corresponding element mappings of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite
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    a TEM image, b HRTEM image (inset is SAED pattern), c-f STEM image and corresponding element mappings of the SnS2-rGO composite. g EDS spectrum of SnS2-rGO composite
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    a TEM image, b HRTEM image (inset is SAED pattern), c-f STEM image and corresponding element mappings of the CoS2-rGO composite. g EDS spectrum of CoS2-rGO composite
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    6 a CV curves of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite. b Charge/discharge profiles for the initial three cycles and the 100th cycle of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite at a current density of 200 mA g-1. c Cycling performance of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite, SnS2-rGO composite, CoS2-rGO composite at a current density of 200 mA g-1, and the corresponding coulombic efficiency of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite. d Rate capability of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO, SnS2-rGO and CoS2-rGO composite electrodes at varied current densities from 100 to 4000 mA g−1. e Capacity vs. cycle number of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite at higher current densities of 500 and 1000 mA g−1. f Nyquist plots and fitted results of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite, SnS2-rGO composite, and CoS2-rGO composite after the 100th cycle at discharged state. Inset: equivalent circuit model of the studied system

• Nanostructured Graphene Surfaces Promote Different Stages of Bone Cell Differentiation

  F.F. Borghi1,2,3, P.A. Bean2, M.D.M. Evans2, T. van der Laan4,5, S. Kumar4,5, K. Ostrikov1,4,5,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 47
  First Online: 20 March 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0198-0

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    SEM images of the graphene-like samples. a CNW and b HGL nanostructures on Thermanox™ coverslips. These images show the clearly visible edges of the CNWs and the edges of the horizontally aligned CNWs
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    Raman spectroscopy of the CNW (in red) and HGL (in black) samples. Both spectra feature the graphene peaks at about 1350, 1580, and 2690 cm-1. The shoulder peaks at ~1620 cm-1 in the spectra, which are related to thicker graphene sheets, are more evident on the CNW sample (A color version of this figure can be viewed online)
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    Photographs used for contact angle measurements of a uncoated ThermanoxTM, and ThermanoxTM coated with b HGL or c CNWs. These images show the effect on the surface due to the presence of the nanostructures, turning more hydrophilic as a result of the horizontally aligned CNW structures (60°) and less hydrophilic because of the CNW edges (89°)
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    Proliferation assay showing the growth of Saos-2 cells on the CNW, HGL, and control surfaces over a 7-day period, as measured by MTT assay (based on triplicate samples of each surface at each of the three-time points, with outcomes normalized against the cell viability level on TCPS at 7 days)
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    Representative fluorescent images showing the morphology of Saos-2 cells stained with phalloidin and attached to the a-b CNW surface@24 h (×20 and ×40), c-d CNW surface@48 h (×20 and ×40), e-f HGL@24 h (×20 and ×40), g-h HGL@48 h (×20 and ×40), i-j uncoated Thermanox@24 h (×20 and ×40), and k-l uncoated Thermanox@48 h (×20 and ×40). All scale bars are 10 µm. (A color version of this figure can be viewed online)
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    SEM images showing details of the cell interactions with the surfaces after 48 h of incubation. a A cell on the CNW surface exhibiting several elongated extensions connected to surrounding nanowalls, presented in detail in b. c A cell on the HGL surface presenting little interaction with the surface (arrow) but on some nanofeatures, presented in detail in d
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    Outcomes of the differentiation/mineralization assays showing the production of ALP by cells attached to the graphene and control surfaces. Data are based on the mean (± standard deviation) of triplicate wells for each surface, corrected for cell density (as measured by MTT assay conducted in parallel with the differentiation assay)
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    Outcomes of the differentiation/mineralization assay showing the production of calcium by cells attached to the graphene and control surfaces. Data are based on the mean (± standard deviation) of triplicate wells for each surface, corrected for cell density (as measured by MTT assay conducted in parallel with the differentiation assay)

• Highly Sensitive MoS2-Indocyanine Green Hybrid for Photoacoustic Imaging of Orthotopic Brain Glioma at Deep Site

  Chengbo Liu1,‡, Jingqin Chen1,2, ‡, Ying Zhu1,‡, Xiaojing Gong1, Rongqin Zheng3, Ningbo Chen1, Dong Chen1, Huixiang Yan1, Peng Zhang5, Hairong Zheng4, Zonghai Sheng4,*, Liang Song1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 48
  First Online: 08 April 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0202-8

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    Schematic of MoS2-ICG hybrid synthesis and its application in photoacoustic (PA) imaging of orthotopic brain glioma
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    a, b AFM images and c, d thickness profiles of MoS2 (a, c) and MoS2-ICG (b, d). e Absorbance spectra of MoS2 and MoS2-ICG at the same concentration of MoS2. f Fluorescence spectra of free ICG and MoS2-ICG at the same concentration of ICG
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    a Photoacoustic (PA) signal comparison of MoS2 and MoS2-ICG at the same concentration of MoS2. Photoacoustic signals of b MoS2-ICG at different concentrations and c MoS2-ICG illuminated with 5000 laser pulses
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    a Attenuation rate of 675- and 800-nm pulsed laser after penetrating the mouse skull. b Photoacoustic cross-sectional B-scan images of MoS2-ICG covered with mouse skull under 675- and 800-nm laser excitation. Yellow dashed line delineates the outline of the skull. Red circle indicates the MoS2-ICG sample. c Photoacoustic MAP images of mouse back post-subcutaneous injection of MoS2-ICG under 675- and 800-nm laser excitation. The enclosed area by the yellow dashed line indicates the injected region. d Photoacoustic signal intensity plot corresponding to the two red dashed lines in c. e SNR of photoacoustic images under 675- and 800-nm laser excitation in c
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    a Confocal fluorescence images of U87 glioma cells incubated with free ICG and MoS2-ICG for 1, 3, and 8 h. Blue shows fluorescence of DAPI and red shows fluorescence of ICG. b Viability of U87 glioma cells incubated with different concentrations of MoS2-ICG for 24 h. c Hemolysis percentage of RBCs after treatment with different concentrations of MoS2-ICG for 3 h. (+) and (-) each indicates distilled water and PBS as positive and negative controls. The inset photo shows the direct observation of hemolysis
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    a B-scan ultrasound (US), photoacoustic (PA), and their merged images of the brain tumor region before and at 1, 3, and 5 h after intravenous injection of MoS2-ICG. The ultrasound images were used to delineate the scalp and skull of the mouse. The photoacoustic signals in the red circles show the accumulation and distribution of MoS2-ICG within the brain glioma. b Quantification results of photoacoustic signals in the tumor region at different time points before and after MoS2-ICG injection
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    a Representative H&E-stained images of the major organs including the heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney collected from control group mice and mice treated with MoS2-ICG. b, c Blood analysis of MoS2-ICG treated group mice. WBC: number of white blood cells; RBC: number of red blood cells; MPV: mean platelet volume; MCH: mean corpuscular hemoglobin; HGB: concentration of hemoglobin; HCT: hematocrit; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; MCHC: mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; PLT: platelets

• Low-Temperature Soft-Cover-Assisted Hydrolysis Deposition of Large-Scale TiO2 Layer for Efficient Perovskite Solar Modules

  Jinjin He1, Enbing Bi1, Wentao Tang1, Yanbo Wang1, Xudong Yang1, 2, Han Chen1, 2,*, Liyuan Han1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 49
  First Online: 04 April 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0203-7

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    Schematics of the steps in the SAH
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    a SEM and b AFM images of the TiO2 films obtained by SAH with a 0.4-M TiCl4 precursor solution. c XRD patterns and d XPS results of the TiO2 material scratched from the TiO2 film
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    Cross-sectional SEM images of the TiO2 films prepared at different concentrations of TiCl4 a 0.2 M, b 0.4 M, and c 0.6 M. Panels a–c have the same scale-bar of 100 nm. d Average resistance between Ag spots on TiO2 layers prepared using different concentrations of TiCl4
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    J–V characteristics of PSCs using different concentrations of TiCl4 to prepare the electron transport layer
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    UV–Vis light absorption spectra of 9 pieces of 2 × 2 cm2 TiO2 films obtained by a SC and b SAH. PCE distribution histogram of 45 c SC-TiO2-based PSCs and d SAH-TiO2-based PSCs. The films and PSCs were fabricated on the 9 sub-areas divided along the white dashed lines on the SC and SAH TiO2 films (6 × 6 cm2)
  • 
    a Photograph of the backside of the perovskite module consisting of 6 sub-cells with a total aperture area of 16 cm2. b J–V curves of the solar module measured in forward and reverse modes under a simulated solar light of AM 1.5G and 100 mW cm-2

• Bi2Se3/C Nanocomposite as a New Sodium-Ion Battery Anode Material

  Lixin Xie1, Ze Yang1, Jingying Sun1, Haiqing Zhou1, Xiaowei Chi2, Hailong Chen3, Andy X. Li4, Yan Yao2, Shuo Chen1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 50
  First Online: 04 April 2018 (Communication)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0201-9

  • 
    Toc
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    a XRD patterns of as-synthesized Bi2Se3 and Bi2Se3/C. b The diffraction pattern of Bi2Se3. c Low- and d high-resolution TEM images of Bi2Se3. e Low- and f high-resolution TEM images of Bi2Se3/C. g Scanning TEM (STEM) image and its corresponding elemental (Bi, Se, and C) mappings
  • 
    Studies of electrochemical properties of the Bi2Se3/C anode for SIBs. a CV curves of the Bi2Se3/C anode at 0.1 mV s−1. b Cyclic performance of Bi2Se3/C and Bi2Se3 anodes at 0.1 A g−1 and the related Coulombic efficiency of Bi2Se3/C anode. c Discharge/charge profiles and d rate performance of Bi2Se3/C anode at different current densities
  • 
    a dQ/dV plots for the first two cycles and b Ex-situ XRD results of the Bi2Se3/C anode
  • 
    High-resolution XPS spectra a C 1s and b F 1s of the Bi2Se3/C electrode before and after one cycle
  • 
    a EIS spectra for Bi2Se3 and Bi2Se3/C anodes before and after five cycles. b CV curves of the Bi2Se3/C anode at different scan rates. c-d b-value fitted by the relationship of the logarithm peak currents and logarithm scan rates

• Computational Study of Ternary Devices: Stable, Low-Cost, and Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

  Sajid Sajid 1, Ahmed Mourtada Elseman 2, Jun Ji1, Shangyi Dou1, Dong Wei1, Hao Huang1, Peng Cui1, Wenkang Xi1, Lihua Chu1, Yingfeng Li1, Bing Jiang1, Meicheng Li1,*	Abstract | PDF w/ Links Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 51
  First Online: 09 April 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0205-5

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    Toc
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    a Schematic cross-section of of p-i-n perovskite solar cells. b Energy band diagram of the corresponding heterojunctions. c Charge generation, separation, and extraction processes. d Simulated J–V characteristic curves under AM1.5G illumination at 100 mW cm−2 irradiance
  • 
    a Simulated values of carrier recombination and generation rates in MAPbX (MA = CH3NH3, X = I3, I2Br or Br3) layers designed with Cu:NiOx (HTM) and ZnO (ETM). b–d Simulated J–V characteristic curves for different defect densities in the absorber film
  • 
    a Variation (simulated) of PCE obtained as a function of thickness of photoactive materials. b Variation (simulated) of PCE as a function of operating temperature. c–d Variation (simulated) of photovoltaic parameters as a function of bandgap energy in perovskite materials

• A Plasmonic Mass Spectrometry Approach for Detection of Small Nutrients and Toxins

  Shu Wu1, †, Linxi Qian2, †, Lin Huang1, Xuming Sun1, Haiyang Su1, Deepanjali D Gurav1, Mawei Jiang2, Wei Cai2,*, Kun Qian1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 52
  First Online: 17 April 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0204-6

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    Toc
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    Overall design and characterizations. a Schematic diagrams of the experimental workflow. b Size distribution of SiO2 and SiO2@Ag particles by DLS. c UV-Vis absorption spectra of SiO2 and SiO2@Ag particles. d SEM, and e TEM images of SiO2@Ag. f Elemental mappings of SiO2@Ag (red for Ag and yellow for Si). g SAED pattern and HR-TEM (inset of g) showing the silver crystal lattice
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    MALDI MS analysis. a Mass spectrum of 50 ng μL-1 lactose in a 5 mg mL-1 bovine serum albumin solution containing 0.5 M NaCl. b Mass spectrum of 6.25 nL of breast milk sample with 80-fold dilution. Tandem mass spectra of sodium adducted lactose at an m/z of 365.11 for [M+Na]+ in c standard sample, and d breast milk. Tandem mass spectra of silver adducted lactose at an m/z of 449.03 for [M+107Ag]+ in e standard sample, and f breast milk
  • 
    Quantitation of small nutrients. a Representative mass spectrum of lactose with its isotope as the internal standard (IS). b The calibration curve obtained by plotting the experimental ratio of analyte/isotope (A/I) for sodium adducts as a function of the expected ratio of A/I for lactose. c Comparison of results obtained by the plasmonic MS and biochemical method for 20 breast milk samples. d Linear correlation of the quantification results from the plasmonic MS and biochemical method
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    Detection of toxins. a Plasmonic MS analysis of melamine prepared in a concentration gradient. Plasmonic MS analysis of raw milk samples spiked with melamine at a concentration of 0.5 ng μL-1, showing b an m/z range from 200 to 450, c an m/z range from 232 to 236, and d the tandem mass spectrum of melamine at an m/z of 232.96 for [M+107Ag]+

Volume 10, Issue 2 (2018)

• One-pot Synthesis of Co-based Coordination Polymer Nanowire for Li-ion Batteries with Great Capacity and Stable Cycling Stability

  Peng Wang1, Xiaobing Lou1, Chao Li1, Xiaoshi Hu1, Qi Yang1, *, Bingwen Hu1	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 19
  First Online: 14 November 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0177-x

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    a FTIR spectra of Co-BDCN-24h, Co-BDCN-3h, terephthalamide, and terephthalonitrile. b 1H NMR spectra of Co-BDCN-24h, Co-BDCN-3h, terephthalamide, and terephthalonitrile (dissolved in DMSO-d6 liquids) and DMSO-d6 in liquid state. c Solid-state 13C NMR spectra of Co-BDCN-24h. d TG curves of Co-BDCN-24h
  • 
    a XPS surveys and b high-resolution Co 2p XPS spectra of Co-BDCN-24h, from which the existence of C, N, O, and Co2+ were determined
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    Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm of Co-BDCN-24h. Inset: the pore-size distribution calculated based on the desorption branch of the corresponding isotherm
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    a, b SEM micrographs of the synthesized Co-BDCN-24h at low and high magnifications. EDS elemental mapping images (c C, d O, e Co, and f N) and g whole-energy spectra of Co-BDCN-24h. The peak at ~2 keV in the EDS spectrum is attributed to gold
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    a Cycling performance and coulombic efficiency of Co-BDCN-24h at 100 mA g-1. b Cycling performance and coulombic efficiency of terephthalonitrile and terephthalamide at 100 mA g-1. c Cyclic voltammograms for the first two cycles of Co-BDCN-24h at a scan rate of 0.2 mV s-1. d Rate performance of Co-BDCN-24h
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    Galvanostatic charge-discharge profiles of Co-BDCN-24h at 100 mA g-1
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    Nyquist plots of Co-BDCN electrode at different cycling intervals
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    SEM micrograph of Co-BDCN electrode after 50 cycles
  • 
    The forming process of Co-BDCN-24h
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    The schematic view of lithiation sites for Li+ adsorbed on benzene ring and amide group with the effect of electron-donating of Co-BDCN-24h

• Direct Growth of Graphene on Silicon by Metal-Free Chemical Vapor Deposition

  Lixuan Tai1, 3, #, Daming Zhu1, #, *, Xing Liu1, 2, #, Tieying Yang1, Lei Wang1, Rui Wang1, Sheng Jiang1, Zhenhua Chen1, Zhongmin Xu1, Xiaolong Li1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 20
  First Online: 06 November 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0173-1

  • 
    Designed metal-free CVD synthesis and characterization of the as-grown graphene domains on silicon (100) substrates at 910 °C. a Schematic diagram of the graphene domains grown on the silicon surface. The substrate was placed upside-down in order to capture more methane molecules during growth, which actually occurs on the front face. b Typical AFM height image. c Corresponding AFM height profile along the lines I, II in Fig. 1b. d Corresponding AFM phase image. e Raman spectra of graphene grown on silicon (100) substrates
  • 
    a, b High-resolution SEM images of the graphene grains on silicon. c High magnification AFM topography and d corresponding phase image of the graphene grains on silicon
  • 
    Investigation of graphene nucleation and growth on silicon (100). a-f AFM height image of graphene domains directly grown on silicon (100) substrates for 1 h at the following temperatures: a 900 °C, b 905 °C, c 915 °C, d 920 °C, e 925 °C, and f 930 °C. The bottom row shows the corresponding height profile along the black line. The arrows indicate the height differences between the corresponding two points. Light-blue, blue, and red circles correspond to flat, concave, and bulging graphene domains, respectively. The scan size is 2 µm. g, h The corresponding AFM phase images of graphene grown at 900 and 930 °C, respectively. i The average grain number and the maximum grain size as a function of growth temperature
  • 
    Spectroscopic characteristics of graphene grown directly on silicon. a C 1s XPS spectrum of as-grown graphene. b Si 2p XPS spectra of graphene at various growth temperatures, from bottom to top are 900, 905, 910, 915, 920, 925, and 930 °C respectively. c Representative Raman spectra of graphene at various growth temperatures. d Ratio of the Raman D band intensity to that of the G-band (ID/IG), red, and the 2D band intensity to the G-band (I2D/IG), light blue, as a function of growth temperature
  • 
    Schematic of the direct nucleation and growth process of graphene domains on silicon substrates using metal-free APCVD. a Methane decomposition and super-saturated, active carbon species anchored on the silicon surface. This facilitates graphene nucleation. b In-plane propagation with carbon atoms landing at the edge of stable nuclei and the formation of small flat monolayer or bilayer graphene domains. c Edge-propagation process for bilayer graphene depositions at the active edge of the monolayer graphene domains, and the formation of larger, concave bilayer graphene domains. d Core-propagation process with more graphene layers nucleating in the core of the concave graphene domains, and stabilization of the bigger bulging graphene domains at higher growth temperatures

• Growth of SnO2 Nanoflowers on N-doped Carbon Nanofibers as Anode for Li- and Na-ion Batteries

  Jiaojiao Liang1, #, Chaochun Yuan2, #, Huanhuan Li2, Kai Fan1, Zengxi Wei1, Hanqi Sun1, Jianmin Ma1, 3, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 21
  First Online: 07 November 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0172-2

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    Schematic diagram for synthetic process of NC@SnO2
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    a, b SEM images of SnO2. c, d SEM images and e, f TEM images of NC@SnO2
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    XRD patterns of NC@SnO2, SnO2 and NC
  • 
    XPS spectra of the NC@SnO2: a Sn 3d, b O 1s, c N 1s and d C 1s
  • 
    Electrochemical performance for LIBs: a Cyclic voltammetry curves of NC@SnO2 at 0.1 mV s-1. b Charge-discharge voltage profiles of NC@SnO2. c Cycling performances of NC@SnO2, SnO2 and NC at 1 A g-1. d Rate capabilities of NC@SnO2, SnO2 and NC
  • 
    Electrochemical performance for SIBs: a Cyclic voltammetry curves of NC@SnO2 at 0.1 mV s-1. b Charge-discharge voltage profiles of NC@SnO2. c Cycling performances of NC@SnO2, SnO2 and NC at 100 mA g-1. d Rate capabilities of NC@SnO2, SnO2 and NC
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    SEM images of the electrodes after cycles for the Li-ion batteries: a, b NC@SnO2 and c, d SnO2

• CuCr2O4@rGO Nanocomposites as High-Performance Cathode Catalyst for Rechargeable Lithium-Oxygen Batteries

  Jiandi Liu1, Yanyan Zhao1, Xin Li1, Chunge Wang1, Yaping Zeng1, Guanghui Yue1, *, Qiang Chen2	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 22
  First Online: 15 November 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0175-z

  • 
    XRD patterns of CCO and CCO@rGO
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    SEM images with different magnifications of a, c CCO nanoparticles, b, d CCO@rGO nanocomposites
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    TEM image of a CCO@rGO and b with corresponding HRTEM pattern
  • 
    a, c Galvanostatic discharge and charge curves of the CCO and CCO@rGO cathodes at different current densities (100, 200, and 500 mA g-1). b, d Discharge/charge curves of the CCO@rGO and CCO cathodes. e Cyclic stability of the LOBs with CCO@rGO and CCO cathodes. All the discharge and charge processes are measured via a limited capacity of 1000 mAh g-1
  • 
    SEM images of CCO@rGO electrodes a initial, b after discharge, and c after recharge stage. d XRD patterns of the cathodes after the discharge and recharge stages
  • 
    Schematic illustration for the function of LOBs using CCO@rGO catalyst

• Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Oxides and Chalcogenides-Based Photocatalysts

  Farjana Haque1, Torben Daeneke1, Kourosh Kalantar-zadeh1, *, Jian Zhen Ou1, *	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 23
  First Online: 14 November 2017 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0176-y

  • 
    Band structure of currently popular a transition metal oxides and b transition metal chalcogenides for photocatalytic applications [35, 103, 104, 202-210]
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    Crystal Structure of a hexagonal 2H MoS2, b orthorhombic MoO3, c orthorhombic V2O5, d anatase TiO2, e monoclinic WO3, f monoclinic CuO, g wurtzite ZnO, h wurtzite CdS, and i rhombohedral Fe2O3
  • 
    Representative scanning electron microscopic images of the 2D basic building blocks and common 3D hierarchical structures. Reproduced with the permission from Ref. [84, 98, 122, 151, 169, 211]
  • 
    Schematics of synthesis procedures of a chemical intercalation, b sonication-assisted, c microwave-assisted d template-assisted for producing 2D TMO&C based photocatalysts and the corresponding transmission electron microscopic images. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [77, 99, 212, 213]
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    Schematics of hydrothermal synthesis procedures of a individual 2D nanostructures, and b 3D hierarchically assembled structures and their corresponding transmission electron microscopic images. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [84, 214]
  • 
    The influence of elemental doping of a non-metal element (N doped MoS2 nanosheets) and b metal element (Mo doped WO3 nanosheets) toward the band structure. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [117, 122]
  • 
    The influence of zinc porphyrin functionalization on the surface of TiO2/MoS2 in terms of electronic band structure. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [131]
  • 
    Representative low and high-resolution transmission electron microscopic images of a, b 2D doped TMO&C nanosheets, c, d 2D-0D heterojunctions, e, f 2D-1D heterojunctions and g, h 2D-2D heterojunctions. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [56, 98, 122, 168]
  • 
    Semiconducting heterojunctions with a Type І and b Type ІІ band alignments. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [215]
  • 
    Schematics of heterojunctions of a p-n junction, b IFCT and c Z-Scheme. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [164, 166, 216]
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    The illustration of heterojunction between a 2D MoS2 nanosheet and an Ag nanoparticle. Reproduced with permission of Ref. [175]

• Hierarchical Nanogold Labels to Improve the Sensitivity of Lateral Flow Immunoassay

  Kseniya Serebrennikova1, 2, *, Jeanne Samsonova1, 2, Alexander Osipov1, 2	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 24
  First Online: 23 November 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0180-2

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    Scheme of LFIA using gold nanoparticles as labels: (1) Sample pad, (2) Conjugate pad, (3) Test line, (4) Control line, (5) Absorbent pad
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    Characterization of GNSs, GNPNs, and GNSTs: Photo of colloidal solutions and TEM images of gold nanoparticles
  • 
    UV-Vis spectra of gold nanoparticles: (1) GNSs 20.0 ± 1 nm, (2) GNSs 35.1 ± 2.3 nm, (3) GNSs 50.4 ± 1.6 nm, (4) GNSs 70.2 ± 1.8 nm, (5) GNSs 100.2 ± 2.0 nm, (6) GNPNs 100.1 ± 5.7 nm and (7) GNSTs 64.3 ± 3.0 nm
  • 
    Calibration curves of PCT LFIA for different combinations of antibodies: (1) immobilized antibodies–mAb, detection antibodies–pAb, and (2) immobilized antibodies–pAb, detection antibodies–mAb
  • 
    a Calibration curves of LFIA for PCT detection based on GNSs, GNPNs, and GNSTs. b Color intensity in the analytical zone for GNPN-based and GNS-based LFIA (70 nm)
  • 
    a Silver-enhanced LFIA for the detection of PCT. b Calibration curves for PCT obtained from LFIA based on 20 nm GNSs, GNPNs, and silver-enhanced LFIA

• Observation of Van Hove Singularities and Temperature Dependence of Electrical Characteristics in Suspended Carbon Nanotube Schottky Barrier Transistors

  Jian Zhang1, 2, Siyu Liu1, Jean Pierre Nshimiyimana1, 2, Ya Deng1, 2, Xiao Hu1, 2, Xiannian Chi1, 2, Pei Wu1, 2, Jia Liu1, 2, Weiguo Chu1, *, Lianfeng Sun1, *	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 25
  First Online: 24 October 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0171-3

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    a Schematic of the electronic band structure (left) and DOS (right) of a semiconducting SWNT. Four sharp VHSs (VHS 1+, VHS 1−, VHS 2+, VHS 2−) appear at the onset of each subband. b Typical SEM image of a back-gate SWNT transistor. The SWNT is suspended, and the channel length is about 1 μm. c Schematic of the suspended SWNT transistor. The height of the suspended SWNT and the thickness of the insulating layer (SiO2) are 500 and 800 nm, respectively
  • 
    Differential conductance as a function of back-gate voltage for the suspended SWNT transistor at different temperatures. The black arrows indicate the sweep direction of the gate voltage. At temperature below 100 K, two critical saddle points appear at gate voltages of −37.4 and 38.0 V, respectively. The two vertical dashed lines correspond to the onsets of the subbands
  • 
    Drain conductance (G) at VG = −40 V (black) and +40 V (red) as a function of temperature
  • 
    Schematics of the bands along the length of the SWNT at different temperatures and gate voltages. a, b At low temperature (T < 50 K), bands of the ambipolar SWNT device at VG ≫ 0 (strong electron injection) and VG ≪ 0 (strong hole injection). c, d At high temperature (T >100 K), bands of the p-type SWNT device at VG ≫ 0 and VG ≪ 0. Φb shows the barrier height of the device

• Porous Graphene Microflowers for High-Performance Microwave Absorption

  Chen Chen1, Jiabin Xi1, Erzhen Zhou2, Li Peng1, Zichen Chen2, *, Chao Gao1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 26
  First Online: 28 November 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0179-8

  • 
    a Schematic illustration of the formation of Gmfs. b, c SEM images of Gmfs. The insert is the digital picture of the 0.4 g Gmfs powder in a 20 mL bottle. d, e TEM images of an individual Gmfs
  • 
    a N2 absorption/ desorption curves of Gmfs. The insert is the calculated pore diameter distribution. b N2 absorption/ desorption curves of CG. The insert is the calculated pore diameter distribution. c Raman spectra of Gmfs and CG. d XRD pattern of Gmfs
  • 
    a The real parts and b imaginary parts of permittivity of Gmfs/paraffin composites with different filler contents. c The real parts and d imaginary parts of permittivity of CG/paraffin composites with different filler contents
  • 
    a Reflection loss of 10 wt% Gmfs/paraffin composite with various thickness. b Reflection loss of 8 wt% CG/paraffin composite with various thickness. c EABs of Gmfs/paraffin and CG/paraffin under different filler contents. d Comparison of the Maximum |RL| and EAB of Gmf/paraffin and CG/paraffin with reported values in literatures
  • 
    a Tangent loss of Gmfs/paraffin under different filler contents. b Tangent loss of CG/paraffin under different filler contents.c Real parts and imaginary parts of 10 wt% Gmfs/paraffin and 8 wt% CG/paraffin in 13, 15, and 18 GHz. The colored circles represent the rational ranges of ε’ and ε” to make RL lower than -10 dB in corresponding frequency. d Schematic illustration of MA mechanism of Gmfs

• A Mini Review: Can Graphene Be a Novel Material for Perovskite Solar Cell Applications?

  Eng Liang Lim1, *, Chi Chin Yap1, *, Mohammad Hafizuddin Hj Jumali1, Mohd Asri Mat Teridi2, Chin Hoong Teh3	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 27
  First Online: 05 December 2017 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0182-0

  • 
    a Evolution of PSC efficiencies from 2009 to 2016 [8–14]. b Graphene is a 2D hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms (i). It can be stacked into 3D graphite (ii), rolled into 1D nanotubes (iii), and wrapped into 0D buckyballs (iv). Reprinted with permission from Ref. [41] Copyright 2012 American Chemical Society
  • 
    a Basic ABX3 perovskite crystal structure, reprinted with permission from [55] © 2008 American Physical Society. b Relationship between the tolerance factor, t, and the crystal structure of perovskite materials, reprinted with permission from [56] © 2016 American Chemical Society. c Tolerance factor of the different perovskite materials for perovskite solar cells applications, reprinted with permission from Ref. [58] Copyright 2015 The Royal Society of Chemistry
  • 
    General working mechanism of PSCs. Free charge carriers formed in the perovskite layer drift to the carrier transporting material (black arrow line), followed by charge extraction to the electrode (blue arrow line)
  • 
    a Sheet resistance and b transmittance spectra of CVD-produced graphene films (one to four layers) before and after being doped with PEDOT:PSS. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [65] Copyright 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc
  • 
    a Average device performance with various thicknesses of MoO3 HTM on graphene b Contact angle measurement using PEDOT:PSS on pristine graphene surface and c 2 nm of MoO3/graphene surface. The insets in b and c are the optical images of PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3 films coated on the corresponding graphene-coated glass substrate. The MoO3 layers were deposited in a square shape at the center of the substrates before spin-coating of PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3 thin films. d Work function of the graphene surface before and after being coated with MoO3 HTM, which has been extracted from the UPS spectra. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [35] Copyright 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. e Energy level alignment of PEDOT:PSS, graphene, and 2 nm MoO3/graphene
  • 
    Normalized PCE of graphene-MoO3/PEN and ITO/PEN devices measured a after 1000 bending cycles at radii of flat, 2, 4, and 6 mm and c as a function of bending cycles at a fixed bending radius of 4 mm. Cross-sectional SEM images of MAPBI3 perovskite films coated on b PEN/ITO/PEDOT:PSS and d PEN/Graphene-MoO3/PEDOT:PSS after 1000 bending cycles at the bending radius of 4 mm. The scale bar is 200 nm. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [67] Copyright 2017 The Royal Society of Chemistry
  • 
    SEM and AFM images of perovskite thin films prepared on ZnO films (a, b) and 0.75 wt % graphene/ZnO nanocomposite (c, d) coated glass substrates. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [75] Copyright 2017 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Series resistance e and recombination resistance f obtained from impedance spectroscopy analysis of two samples with different concentrations of graphene in TiO2 ESCL. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [77] Copyright 2014 American Chemical Society
  • 
    Photograph images of perovskite thin films a before and b after decaying. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [79] Copyright 2016 Nature Publishing Group

• A CuNi/C Nanosheet Array Based on a Metal-Organic Framework Derivate as a Supersensitive Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensor

  Li Zhang1, Chen Ye1, Xu Li2, Yaru Ding1, Hongbo Liang1, Guangyu Zhao1, Yan Wang1, ⁎	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 28
  First Online: 23 November 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0178-9

  • 
    Schematic diagram of preparing CuNi/C electrodes
  • 
    SEM images of CuNi/C electrodes prepared with different Cu depositing times: a 5 s, b 10 s, c 20 s, d 50 s, and e 100 s. The insets show the corresponding high-resolution images, and f EDS pattern on c.
  • 
    Amperometric responses of CuNi/C obtained from different Cu depositing time, and the detail shows the consecutive addition of 20 μM glucose into 0.1 M NaOH at 0.54 V.
  • 
    XRD pattern of CuNi/C electrodes
  • 
    a Activated CuNi/C electrodes in 0.1 M NaOH by CV for 60 cycles. b CVs of activated electrodes in 0.1 M NaOH and 0.1 M NaOH + 0.4 mM glucose. The CV measurements are performed in a three-electrode system by using Pt foil as counter electrode, and Ag/AgCl as a reference electrode. The scan rate is 20 mV s–1.
  • 
    a Effects of various potentials on the amperometric response of CuNi/C electrodes given the successive addition of 8 μM glucose. b Amperometric responses of CuNi/C electrodes given the successive addition of glucose at 0.54 V. The left inset shows partial amplification of the amperometric response to low glucose concentration. c The corresponding calibration curve of the response current density relative to glucose concentration. d Interference test performed on CuNi/C electrodes by adding 0.1 mM glucose, 5 μM DA, 5 μM AA 52 μM UA, 5 μM acetaminophen, 5 μM fructose, 5 μM sucrose, 5 μM folic acid, and 5 μM L-cysteine into 0.1 M NaOH at 0.54 V

• Facile Synthesis of N-doped Graphene-like Carbon Nanoflakes as Efficient and Stable Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

  Daguo Gu1, Yao Zhou2, Ruguang Ma2, *, Fangfang Wang2, Qian Liu2, 3, *, Jiacheng Wang2, 3, *	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 29
  First Online: 04 December 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0181-1

  • 
    Synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene-like carbon nanoflakes by pyrolyzing biomass citric acid and dicyandiamide at 1000 °C
  • 
    SEM images of a PC, b NC-1, c NC-3, d NC-6, and the corresponding elemental e O and f N mapping images of NC-6
  • 
    a TEM and b high-resolution TEM images of NC-6
  • 
    a XPS survey spectra of PC, NC-1, NC-3, and NC-6. b Atomic ratio of O/C and N/C in PC, NC-1, NC-3, and NC-6. High-resolution XPS spectra of N 1s for c NC-1, d NC-3, and e NC-6. f Schematic illustration of N-containing species incorporated in the graphene plane of the NC-X samples
  • 
    Raman spectra of the PC and NCs samples.
  • 
    a N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and b the corresponding pore size distribution curves of PC and NC-X samples calculated from the adsorption branches. Solid and empty symbols correspond to the left and right axes, respectively.
  • 
    Electrochemical oxygen reduction measurements in 0.1 M KOH solution. a Comparison of LSV curves for PC, NC-1, NC-3, NC-6, and commercial Pt/C catalyst at a scan rate of 10 mV s–1 and 1600 rpm in O2-saturated solution. b Dependence of half-wave potential (Ehalf) and current density on the mass ratio of dicyanamide (DCA) to citric acid. c CV curves of NC-6 in O2- or N2-saturated solution. d LSV curves of NC-6 and Pt/C at different rotation speeds (varying from 400 to 2025 rpm). e K-L plots of the samples based on the LSV curves at different rotation speeds and 0.4 V (vs. RHE). f Electron transfer number (n) calculated from the K-L plots of the various samples in the potential range of 0.2–0.5 V (vs. RHE)
  • 
    a Ring-disc voltammograms of NC-6 and Pt/C at a scan rate of 10 mV s–1 and 1600 rpm in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH solution. b Peroxide yield and number of transferred electrons of NC-6 and Pt/C in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH solution
  • 
    a Chronoamperometric responses of the NC-6 and Pt/C electrodes in 0.1 M KOH solution with 3 M methanol added after ~5 min at a rotation rate of 1600 rpm. b Chronoamperometric curves of NC-6 and Pt/C electrodes at 0.4 V (vs. RHE) in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH solution

• Reduced Graphene Oxide-Wrapped FeS2 Composite as Anode for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries

  Qinghong Wang1, *, Can Guo1, Yuxuan Zhu1, Jiapeng He1, Hongqiang Wang2, *	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 30
  First Online: 28 November 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0183-z

  • 
    a XRD patterns of the as-prepared Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/rGO precursors. b SEM image of Fe3O4. c SEM image and d TEM image of Fe3O4/rGO
  • 
    a XRD patterns of the as-prepared FeS2 and FeS2/rGO composite. b, c SEM images of FeS2. d SEM image, e, f TEM images, g, h HRTEM images, and i SAED pattern of FeS2/rGO composite
  • 
    a TG curves and b N2 adsorption-desorption curves of FeS2 and FeS2/rGO composite
  • 
    CV curves of a FeS2 and b FeS2/rGO
  • 
    a Galvanostatic charge-discharge curves of FeS2/rGO. b Cycle life and Coulombic efficiencies. c Rate performance and d Nyquist plots for FeS2 and FeS2/rGO composite
  • 
    a SEM image of freshly prepared FeS2/rGO electrode. b SEM image, and c, d TEM images of FeS2/rGO electrode after 100 charge-discharge cycles

• Upconversion Nanoparticles-Encoded Hydrogel Microbeads-Based Multiplexed Protein Detection

  Swati Shikha1, Xiang Zheng1, 2, Yong Zhang1, 2, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 31
  First Online: 08 December 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0184-y

  • 
    Photo-crosslinking mechanism of PEGDA. a UV-induced dissociation of photoinitiator to generate free radicals. b Propagation step, where free radical attacks the double bond in PEGDA to form new radicals. c Chain-transfer. d Different combinations of free radicals to form stable, inactive products, thereby leading to chain termination [1]
  • 
    a Hydrodynamic size and size distribution of NaYF4:50%Yb1%Er (red) and NaYF4:18%Yb2%Er30%Lu (green) UCNPs in dispersed cyclohexane. TEM images of b, c NaYF4:50%Yb1%Er and d, e NaYF4:18%Yb2%Er30%Lu UCNPs dispersed in cyclohexane. f Emission fluorescence spectra of NaYF4:50%Yb1%Er (top) and NaYF4:18%Yb2%Er30%Lu (bottom) UCNPs, insets (i, ii) are corresponding camera pictures. g Hydrodynamic size and size distribution of carboxyl-modified NaYF4:50%Yb1%Er (red) and NaYF4:18%Yb2%Er30%Lu (green) UCNPs dispersed in water. TEM images of carboxyl-modified h, i NaYF4:50%Yb1%Er and j, k NaYF4:18%Yb2%Er30%Lu UCNPs dispersed in water. l Emission fluorescence spectra of carboxyl-modified NaYF4:50%Yb1%Er (top) and NaYF4:18%Yb2%Er30%Lu (bottom) UCNPs, insets (i, ii) are corresponding camera pictures.
  • 
    Droplet microfluidic-assisted synthesis of microbeads. a AutoCAD design of the droplet microfluidic device. b Schema showing mechanism of droplet microfluidic-based microbeads synthesis. c, d Bright field microscopy images showing the production of hydrogel using microfluidic device and e, f Bright field microscopy images of microbeads formed after crosslinking the hydrogel at 10x and 20x magnifications. g Formation of hydrogel in the microfluidic channel at different flow rates of oil, and h corresponding bright field microscopy images (at 40x, exposure = 10 ms, gain = 4x) of microbeads formed. i Diameters of microbeads formed under the different oil flow rates, and j corresponding graph to show the relationship with different oil flow rates (data represent mean ± SD; n = 50 microbeads)
  • 
    Bright field microscopy images and their corresponding fluorescent microscopy images (at 40x magnification) of microbeads encoded with carboxyl-modified NaYF4:50%Yb,1%Er and NaYF4:18%Yb2%Er30%Lu UCNPs at ratios of a, f 1:0, b, g 0.67:0.33, c, h 0.5:0.5, d, i 0.33:0.67, and e, j 0:1 k Ratio of red and green intensity calculated from each microbeads (top) and the corresponding graph (bottom) (data represent mean ± SD; n = 20 microbeads)
  • 
    a Size distribution of NaYF4:30%Yb0.5%Tm UCNPs with and without carboxyl modification in cyclohexane and in water, respectively. TEM images of b NaYF4:30%Yb0.5%Tm UCNPs in cyclohexane, and c NaYF4:30%Yb0.5%Tm@carboxyl UCNPs in water. d Emission fluorescence spectra of NaYF4:30%Yb0.5%Tm UCNPs with and without surface modification in cyclohexane and in water, respectively, and insets are corresponding camera picture of (i) NaYF4:30%Yb0.5%Tm, and (ii) NaYF4:30%Yb0.5%Tm@carboxyl UCNPs
  • 
    a Different surface charge of UCNPs-Ab conjugates at different concentrations of UCNPs, and b corresponding graph for surface charge vs UCNPs concentrations in UCNPs-Ab conjugate. c, e Bright-field and d, f corresponding fluorescent microscopy images at 40x magnification of NaYF4:YbTm microbeads with and without UCNPs-Ab, and g corresponding S/N ratios of UCNPs-Ab at different concentrations of UCNPs used in the conjugation reaction (data represent mean ± SD; n = 20 microbeads)
  • 
    Bright field images and corresponding fluorescent microscopy images of open filter and filter for collecting blue emissions (at 40x magnification). a, b, c without (control) and d, e, f with target HSA protein added. g Plot of R:B intensity ratio for encoded microbeads with and without protein target added for detection (data represent mean ± SD; n = 20 microbeads). h Calibration curve for quantitative detection of target HSA protein (data represent mean ± SD; n = 20 microbeads). Multiplex detection of target proteins HSA and hCRP using NaYF4:50%Yb1%Er and NaYF4:18%Yb2%Er30%Lu UCNPs encoded multicolor microbeads. Bright field images and corresponding fluorescent images of open filter and filter for collecting blue emissions for encoded microbead-based detection for i, j, k without (control) and l, m, n with target proteins added

• Self-Powered Implantable Skin-Like Glucometer for Real-Time Detection of Blood Glucose Level in vivo

  Wanglinhan Zhang1, #, Linlin Zhang1, #, Huiling Gao2, Wenyan Yang1, Shuai Wang1, *, Lili Xing1, Xinyu Xue1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 32
  First Online: 16 December 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0185-x

  • 
    The potential application, device architecture, material system and experimental design of self-powered implantable skin-like glucometer. a Potential application. b Device architecture, material system and fabrication procedure. c Optical images of the device
  • 
    a SEM image of as-grown ZnO nanowire arrays on Ti substrate on the side view. b, c Top-view SEM images of as-grown ZnO nanowire arrays. d SEM image of ZnO horizontally-aligned nanowire arrays (overwhelmed in one direction) before smearing on Kapton substrate. e High resolution TEM image of one single ZnO nanowire. f XRD pattern of ZnO nanowires. g Top-view SEM image of the device (before washing with acetone). h, i Enlarged view of the device
  • 
    a The measurement system. b The outputting piezoelectric voltage of self-powered implantable skin-like glucometer in different concentrations of glucose solution. The applied force is 21 N. c The enlarged views of the outputting piezoelectric voltage against 0.024, 0.45, and 0.076 g L-1 glucose solution. d The outputting piezoelectric voltage and the response of the device against different glucose solution concentration. e The piezoelectric voltage of the skin-like glucometer with and without GOx modification in air with different force frequencies
  • 
    a, b The outputting piezoelectric voltage and response of the self-powered implantable skin-like glucometer against urea and fructose. c The outputting piezoelectric voltage and response of the device without GOx modification against glucose. d The outputting piezoelectric voltage and response of the device with GOx modification against glucose
  • 
    Working mechanism of self-powered implantable skin-like glucometer. a GOx/ZnO nanowires in pure water without applied deformation. b The piezoelectric output of GOx/ZnO nanowires in pure water under applied deformation. c GOx/ZnO nanowires in glucose aqueous solution without applied deformation. d The piezoelectric output of GOx/ZnO nanowires in glucose aqueous solution under applied deformation
  • 
    The practical application of self-powered implantable skin-like glucometer implanted in a mouse body for detecting blood glucose concentration without any external electricity power source. a Implanting the device into the mouse and measurement set. b The outputting piezoelectric voltage changes before and after injection of glucose solution. c The outputting piezoelectric voltage and glucose meter index of the device before and after the injection of glucose solution

• Design of Supercapacitor Electrodes Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations

  Zheng Bo1,⁎, Changwen Li1, Huachao Yang1, Kostya Ostrikov2, 3, Jianhua Yan1, Kefa Cen1	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 33
  First Online: 21 December 2017 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0188-2

  • 
    a CSAC model and the pore size distributions for average pore size of b 0.75 nm and c 1.23 nm (gray: carbon atoms, red: cations and green: anions). Reprinted with permission from Ref. [61]. Copyright (2014) American Chemical Society
  • 
    The energy storage inside CDC electrode. a The snapshot of CDC model and quantitative picture of ions adsorbed into the model under different potentials (blue: carbon atoms, red: BMI+ ions and green: PF_6^- ions). b Integral of charge density over the distance to surface for CDC-1200 and graphite. c The distributions of capacitance per atom for three kinds of carbon material, and the average value is indicated by the arrow. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [27]. Copyright (2012) Nature Publishing Group. d Four typical structures of adsorption location (edge, plane, hollow, pocket) with the different DoC. The variation of e fraction of ions and f counter-charge per ion with DoC. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [31]. Copyright (2013) Nature Publishing Group
  • 
    Charging dynamics and characteristics times of each stage in CDC electrode. a Time evolution of average charge per atom for CDC-800, CDC-950 and CDC-1200. b The local charge (left) and instantaneous ionic position (right) for CDC-1200 when t=2.4 ns. c Evolution of local charge with time for CDC-1200. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [67]. Copyright (2014) American Chemical Society. Summary of various characteristics times for three stages when ions approaching the surface at d 0 V and e -1 V. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [66]. Copyright (2015) American Chemical Society
  • 
    Numerical structures for a planar model and b slit-type model. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [18]. Copyright (2016) American Chemical Society
  • 
    Differential capacitance as a function of electrode potential. For a flat and rough surface. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [32]. Copyright (2011) American Chemical Society. For b the surface with different surface nanopatterning. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [33]. Copyright (2012) American Chemical Society
  • 
    Doping heteroatoms and functional groups. a The diagram of two kinds of doping nitrogen atoms and the variation of EDL capacitance and quantum capacitance with potential. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [35]. Copyright (2013) American Chemical Society. b The diagram of doping oxygen-containing functional groups. c The capacitance as a function of oxidation ratio for epoxy and hydroxyl groups. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [36]. Copyright (2014) American Chemical Society
  • 
    The capacitance and number density in slit-type models. The capacitance as a function of pore size. For a small range. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [24]. Copyright (2011) American Chemical Society. For b large range. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [26]. Copyright (2011) American Chemical Society. c The variation of EDL interference factor with the pore size. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [103]. Copyright (2011) American Chemical Society. d The variation of capacitance when adding organic solvents. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [106]. Copyright (2012) American Chemical Society. e The diagram of a sandwich capacitance model. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [25]. Copyright (2010) American Chemical Society. Adding ACN molecules, the variation of f self-diffusion coefficient. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [109]. Copyright (2016) American Chemical Society. The variation of g capacitance with ACN concentration. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [108]. Copyright (2016) American Chemical Society. At different voltages, h capacitance and i number density. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [113]. Copyright (2012) American Chemical Society
  • 
    The distributions of a concentration and b hydration number as a function of position for different kinds of pore size. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [25]. Copyright (2010) American Chemical Society. c The hydration structures of Ca+ and Cl- ions under the slit pores of 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 nm. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [116]. Copyright (2009) American Chemical Society. d The dehydration rate of Na+ and Cl- ions for different kinds of pore size. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [30]. Copyright (2015) Nature Publishing Group
  • 
    Charging dynamics and ion accumulation in slit pores. a MSDs of cations and anions for the slit pores with different pore size and bulk. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [117]. Copyright (2012) American Chemical Society. b The charge accumulation inside slit pores with 0.53 and 0.66 nm. When a voltage of 3 V is imposed at t=0, the evolutions of c total pore occupancy and d average density of cations and anions are obtained. e The charge accumulation in ionophilic and ionophoboic slit pores. f The diffusion coefficient as a function of cation density. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [102]. Copyright (2014) Nature Publishing Group
  • 
    The diagrams and capacitive performances of edge. a The diagram of edge on graphene. b The capacitances of pristine and edge-functionalized graphene. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [40]. Copyright (2014) American Chemical Society. c The diagram of multilayer graphene and its capacitances for different intervals. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [18]. Copyright (2016) American Chemical Society
  • 
    Two surfaces of CNTs. a The outer surface of CNTs. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [15]. Copyright (2013) American Chemical Society. b The inner surface of CNTs. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [28]. Copyright (2010) American Chemical Society.
  • 
    The behaviors of energy storage and microstructures for CNTs. The variation of capacitance with radius of CNT. a For the outer surface. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [15]. Copyright (2013) American Chemical Society. b For the inner surface. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [28]. Copyright (2010) American Chemical Society. c The orientations of ions in the first and second external shell as well as internal shell. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [16]. Copyright (2009) American Chemical Society. d The evolutions of number of Na+, K+, Cs+ ions entering into the CNT. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [132]. Copyright (2007) American Institute of Physics
  • 
    a The numerical structure of OLC when immersed in the electrolyte. b The capacitance as a function of radius of OLC. c The variation of capacitance versus potential for planar model and OLC model with different radius. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [135]. Copyright (2012) American Chemical Society

• Efficient Carbon-Based CsPbBr3 Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells by Using Cu-Phthalocyanine as Hole Transport Material

  Zhiyong Liu1, Bo Sun1, Xingyue Liu1, Jinghui Han1, Haibo Ye1, Tielin Shi1, Zirong Tang1, Guanglan Liao1, 2, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 34
  First Online: 26 December 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0187-3

  • 
    a Schematic cross-sectional view of the CuPc-based CsPbBr3 PSC with a printable low-temperature carbon electrode. b Schematic energy level alignment at interfaces. EVAC is the vacuum energy, EC is the conduction band edges, EF is the Fermi levels and EV is the valence band edges. c Schematic illustration of proposed band bending at interfaces
  • 
    SEM images of a top-view of the CsPbBr3 perovskite film and b top-view of the CsPbBr3 perovskite film deposited with CuPc. c Cross-sectional SEM image of the whole device. d close-up of the structure under higher magnification. e XRD spectra of the FTO/TiO2, FTO/TiO2/CsPbBr3 and FTO/TiO2/CsPbBr3/CuPc. f UV-Vis absorbance spectra of the CuPc, FTO/TiO2/CsPbBr3, and FTO/TiO2/CsPbBr3/CuPc
  • 
    The steady-state a and time-resolved b PL spectra of the CsPbBr3 and CsPbBr3/CuPc films
  • 
    a Best performed current density-voltage (J-V) curves of typical small area (0.071 cm2) carbon based CsPbBr3 PSCs with CuPc as HTM or without HTM measured under 100 mW cm-2 photon flux (AM 1.5G), respectively. b IPCE spectra and corresponding integrated photocurrents. Box charts exhibiting the statistical features of c JSC, d VOC, e FF, and f PCE of the carbon based CsPbBr3 PSCs with CuPc as HTM or without HTM
  • 
    a Nyquist plots at bias 1.0 V of the HTM-free and CuPc based CsPbBr3 PSCs in the dark. Inset: The equivalent circuit employed to fit the Nyquist plots. b Nyquist plots in the high frequency range. c Illustration depicting the function of CuPc as HTM layer in PSCs
  • 
    a J-V plot of the carbon-based perovskite solar cell with a large active area of 2.25 cm2. b Stabilized power output measurement for the large area PSC. c Normalized PCE of CsPbBr3/CuPc/Carbon, CsPbBr3/Carbon and CH3NH3PbI3/Carbon based PSCs vs. storage time in ambient air (30-40% RH, 25 °C) without encapsulation. d Normalized PCE of CsPbBr3/CuPc/Carbon, CsPbBr3/Carbon and CH3NH3PbI3/Carbon based PSCs vs. storage time heated at high temperature (100 °C) in a high-humidity ambient environment (70-80% RH, 100 °C) without encapsulation

• A Review on Surface Stress-Based Miniaturized Piezoresistive SU-8 Polymeric Cantilever Sensors

  Ribu Mathew, A. Ravi Sankar⁎	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 35
  First Online: 02 January 2018 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0189-1

  • 
    A top view (without the immobilization and isolation layers) and a cross-sectional view (across AA’) of a composite piezoresistive polymeric micro cantilever sensor. Symbols LC and WC represent the cantilever length and width respectively, whereas, the symbols LP, WP, WT, and WS depict the piezoresistor length, leg width, transverse leg width, and leg space between two piezoresistor strips, respectively
  • 
    Images of SU-8 cantilever sensor arrays: a-b dimensions (LC×WC×TC) = 300×100×2 µm3, and c side view of a SU-8 cantilever. Adopted from Ref. [66]. Copyright (2010) IOP Publishing
  • 
    Piezoresistive SU-8 cantilever sensors: a An image of processed silicon wafer with a zoom in view of the sensor device arrays attached to the wafer before release. b An image of one of the device chip in the array with four rectangular cantilevers. c Array of sensor device chips after the release, and d One of the device chips. Adopted from Ref. [67]. Copyright (2011) IOP Publishing.
  • 
    Optical image of a serpentine Au piezoresistor based SU-8 polymeric cantilevers connected in a Wheatstone bridge configuration (WSB). Adopted from Ref. [68]. Copyright (2005) Elsevier B.V.
  • 
    Working principle of piezoresistive SU-8 polymeric micro/nano cantilever sensors for chemical/biological sensing applications
  • 
    Graphics of a serpentine gold (Au) piezoresistor based cantilevers depicting target-receptor interactions and connected in a Wheatstone bridge configuration (WSB). Adopted from Ref. [69]. Copyright (2009) Elsevier Ltd.
  • 
    Image of gold coated SU-8 cantilevers placed in a micro fluidic channel. Adopted from Ref. [68]. Copyright (2009) Elsevier Ltd.
  • 
    Time response of a piezoresistive cantilever sensor for specific detection of mercaptohexanol. Adopted from Ref. [68]. Copyright (2005) Elsevier B.V.
  • 
    Optical images of cantilevers with selectively coated gold layer coated with self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of mercaptohexanol (MCH). Response of a cantilever operated in dynamic mode: a with the gold layer near the free end, and b with the gold layer near the fixed end. The graphs represent the resonance peaks of the cantilever before (blue line) and after (red line) adsorption of MCH. Adopted from Ref. [81]. Copyright (2009) American Chemical Society
  • 
    Schematic representation of specific DNA hybridization process and the resultant cantilever deflection. a Oligonucleotides with different bases (red and blue) coated on top surface of the cantilevers. Both the cantilevers have net zero displacement. b Injection of matching complementary oligonucleotides of base represented in red results in a net deflection of the cantilever due to hybridization. c Injection of matching complementary oligonucleotides of base represented in blue results in hybridization induced deflection. Figures are adopted from Ref. [88]. Copyright (2000) The American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • 
    Pictorial representation of different analytes with special emphasis on their size and mass. Adopted from Ref. [44]. Copyright (2012) The Royal Society of Chemistry
  • 
    Graphical representation of surface ionization state in different pH regimes. Adopted from Ref. [96]. Copyright (2007) American Chemical Society
  • 
    Pictorial representation of alkane-thiol based self-assembled monolayers on a gold coated cantilever platform and a zoom-in view of the redistribution of electronic states of Au immobilization layer. Adopted from Ref. [99]. Copyright (2010) IOP Publishing
  • 
    Classification of SU-8 piezoresistive cantilever sensors based on the piezoresistor material
  • 
    Optical image of U-shaped titanium piezoresistor based SU-8 cantilever sensors operated in differential mode with passive resistors embedded in WSB configuration. Adopted from Ref. [231]. Copyright (2012) Elsevier B.V.
  • 
    Optical images of a a U-shaped polysilicon piezoresistor based SU-8 cantilever sensor, b two U-shaped cantilever sensors, c gold pads and track lines, and d complete die. Adopted from Ref. [230]. Copyright (2009) IEEE
  • 
    Variation in electrical resistivity of CB SU-8 composite as a function of CB doping. Adopted from Ref. [192]. Copyright (2009) Elsevier Masson SAS
  • 
    Optical image of CB doped SU-8 piezoresistor based SU-8 cantilever sensor arrays with a zoom-in image of a pair of cantilevers. Adopted from Ref. [192]. Copyright (2009) Elsevier Masson SAS
  • 
    Generic fabrication process steps to realize metal/doped poly-silicon/CB SU-8 piezoresistor based SU-8 polymeric micro cantilever sensor

• Subtle Variations in Surface Properties of Black Silicon Surfaces Influence the Degree of Bactericidal Efficiency

  Chris M. Bhadra1, Marco Werner2, Vladimir A. Baulin2, Vi Khanh Truong1, Mohammad Al Kobaisi1, Song Ha Nguyen1, Armandas Balcytis1,3, Saulius Juodkazis1,3, James Y. Wang1, David E. Mainwaring1, Russell J. Crawford4, Elena P. Ivanova1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 36
  First Online: 21 December 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0186-9

  • 
    Identification and detection of the nanopillars of the black silicon surfaces. a Training set based on the SEM images of bSi-1 (×10,000 magnification) used to distinguish pillar tips and free regions between the pillars. P: pillar tip; E: empty space between pillars. b Detected pillar tips (red squares) on each type of bSi surface. Scale bars correspond to 500 nm.
  • 
    Comparative analysis of the bSi surface nanoarchitecture. a The upper plane of the surfaces on the SEM images, 20,000× magnifications, and scale bar is 1 µm. The distinct morphologies of the nanopillars present on each type of bSi surface as seen from the SEM micrographs taken at a tilted angle of 45º (SEM cross-sections) from the baseline, ×30,000, scale bar is 200 nm. The inset shows a schematic depiction of the representative shapes of the nanopillars present on bSi surfaces derived from side-view SEM images, highlighting the distinct pillar morphology including the pillar height and tip width. b The average fast Fourier transform of tiles of size 512×512 pixels for each of the species. The center pixel has been replaced by the averaged grey value.
  • 
    Analysis for nanopillar tip distributions. a Pair-correlation function (Eq. 1) of nanopillar tip positions as a function of distance between pillars for bSi-1, bSi-2, and bSi-3 substrate. b The distributions of numbers of neighbors found around each pillar within the first peak of the pair-correlation function with a distance less than 500 nm.
  • 
    Bactericidal efficiency of the black silicon surfaces. a SEM images of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus cells, which appeared to be disrupted through interaction with bSi surfaces, scale bars are 1 µm. CLSM images showing the proportion of live and dead cells, live cells stained with SYTO® 9 (green) and non-viable cells stained with propidium iodide (red). Scale bar is 10 µm. b The correlation between bactericidal efficiencies (evaluated over a period of 3 h by using a standard plate count method) and surface characteristics (topological parameters and water contact angles).

• Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting by g-C3N4/TiO2 Nanotube Array Heterostructures

  Changhai Liu1, Fang Wang1, Jin Zhang1, Ke Wang1, Yangyang Qiu1, Qian Liang2, Zhidong Chen2, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 37
  First Online: 15 January 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0192-6

  • 
    Schematic diagram of the preparation of TNTAs and g-C3N4/TNTA photoelectrodes
  • 
    a XRD and b Raman spectra of g-C3N4, TNTAs, and g-C3N4/TNTAs
  • 
    SEM images of the as-synthesized a TNTAs and b g-C3N4/TNTAs. c TEM image and d EDX spectrum of g-C3N4/TNTAs. e, f Elemental mapping results of g-C3N4/TNTAs
  • 
    Number of nanotubes with different rin/rout values for TNTAs (black) and g-C3N4/TNTAs (red)
  • 
    Top view and 3D AFM images (2×2 μm2) of a, b TNTAs and c, d g-C3N4/TNTAs
  • 
    XPS spectra of g-C3N4/TNTAs: a survey scan, b Ti 2p, c C 1s, and d N 1s scans
  • 
    a Current-potential curves of the g-C3N4/TNTA photoanode and reference samples (TNTAs, amorphous TiO2, and g-C3N4/TiO2) under light irradiation (100 mW cm–2). The dark line indicates the dark current density. b Time-dependent photocurrent density of different photoanodes under intermittent light irradiation. c Photoconversion efficiency as a function of applied potential for different photoanodes. d Chronoamperometry plot (I-t) of the g-C3N4/TNTAs measured in 0.1 M Na2SO4 with a three-electrode system at 1.23 VRHE for 10 h
  • 
    Nyquist plots of a g-C3N4/TiO2, b TNTAs, and c g-C3N4/TNTAs electrodes in dark and with light irradiation
  • 
    Transient OCPs of g-C3N4/TNTAs, TNTAs, and g-C3N4/TiO2 photoanodes
  • 
    Mott-Schottky images of a pristine TNTAs and b g-C3N4/TNTAs
  • 
    Schematic diagram of the charge transfer mechanism of the g-C3N4/TNTA heterojunction electrode

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• A Mini Review: Can Graphene Be a Novel Material for Perovskite Solar Cell Applications?

  Eng Liang Lim1, *, Chi Chin Yap1, *, Mohammad Hafizuddin Hj Jumali1, Mohd Asri Mat Teridi2, Chin Hoong Teh3	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 27
  First Online: 05 December 2017 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0182-0

  • 
    a Evolution of PSC efficiencies from 2009 to 2016 [8–14]. b Graphene is a 2D hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms (i). It can be stacked into 3D graphite (ii), rolled into 1D nanotubes (iii), and wrapped into 0D buckyballs (iv). Reprinted with permission from Ref. [41] Copyright 2012 American Chemical Society
  • 
    a Basic ABX3 perovskite crystal structure, reprinted with permission from [55] © 2008 American Physical Society. b Relationship between the tolerance factor, t, and the crystal structure of perovskite materials, reprinted with permission from [56] © 2016 American Chemical Society. c Tolerance factor of the different perovskite materials for perovskite solar cells applications, reprinted with permission from Ref. [58] Copyright 2015 The Royal Society of Chemistry
  • 
    General working mechanism of PSCs. Free charge carriers formed in the perovskite layer drift to the carrier transporting material (black arrow line), followed by charge extraction to the electrode (blue arrow line)
  • 
    a Sheet resistance and b transmittance spectra of CVD-produced graphene films (one to four layers) before and after being doped with PEDOT:PSS. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [65] Copyright 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc
  • 
    a Average device performance with various thicknesses of MoO3 HTM on graphene b Contact angle measurement using PEDOT:PSS on pristine graphene surface and c 2 nm of MoO3/graphene surface. The insets in b and c are the optical images of PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3 films coated on the corresponding graphene-coated glass substrate. The MoO3 layers were deposited in a square shape at the center of the substrates before spin-coating of PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3 thin films. d Work function of the graphene surface before and after being coated with MoO3 HTM, which has been extracted from the UPS spectra. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [35] Copyright 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. e Energy level alignment of PEDOT:PSS, graphene, and 2 nm MoO3/graphene
  • 
    Normalized PCE of graphene-MoO3/PEN and ITO/PEN devices measured a after 1000 bending cycles at radii of flat, 2, 4, and 6 mm and c as a function of bending cycles at a fixed bending radius of 4 mm. Cross-sectional SEM images of MAPBI3 perovskite films coated on b PEN/ITO/PEDOT:PSS and d PEN/Graphene-MoO3/PEDOT:PSS after 1000 bending cycles at the bending radius of 4 mm. The scale bar is 200 nm. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [67] Copyright 2017 The Royal Society of Chemistry
  • 
    SEM and AFM images of perovskite thin films prepared on ZnO films (a, b) and 0.75 wt % graphene/ZnO nanocomposite (c, d) coated glass substrates. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [75] Copyright 2017 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Series resistance e and recombination resistance f obtained from impedance spectroscopy analysis of two samples with different concentrations of graphene in TiO2 ESCL. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [77] Copyright 2014 American Chemical Society
  • 
    Photograph images of perovskite thin films a before and b after decaying. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [79] Copyright 2016 Nature Publishing Group

• Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Oxides and Chalcogenides-Based Photocatalysts

  Farjana Haque1, Torben Daeneke1, Kourosh Kalantar-zadeh1, *, Jian Zhen Ou1, *	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 23
  First Online: 14 November 2017 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0176-y

  • 
    Band structure of currently popular a transition metal oxides and b transition metal chalcogenides for photocatalytic applications [35, 103, 104, 202-210]
  • 
    Crystal Structure of a hexagonal 2H MoS2, b orthorhombic MoO3, c orthorhombic V2O5, d anatase TiO2, e monoclinic WO3, f monoclinic CuO, g wurtzite ZnO, h wurtzite CdS, and i rhombohedral Fe2O3
  • 
    Representative scanning electron microscopic images of the 2D basic building blocks and common 3D hierarchical structures. Reproduced with the permission from Ref. [84, 98, 122, 151, 169, 211]
  • 
    Schematics of synthesis procedures of a chemical intercalation, b sonication-assisted, c microwave-assisted d template-assisted for producing 2D TMO&C based photocatalysts and the corresponding transmission electron microscopic images. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [77, 99, 212, 213]
  • 
    Schematics of hydrothermal synthesis procedures of a individual 2D nanostructures, and b 3D hierarchically assembled structures and their corresponding transmission electron microscopic images. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [84, 214]
  • 
    The influence of elemental doping of a non-metal element (N doped MoS2 nanosheets) and b metal element (Mo doped WO3 nanosheets) toward the band structure. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [117, 122]
  • 
    The influence of zinc porphyrin functionalization on the surface of TiO2/MoS2 in terms of electronic band structure. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [131]
  • 
    Representative low and high-resolution transmission electron microscopic images of a, b 2D doped TMO&C nanosheets, c, d 2D-0D heterojunctions, e, f 2D-1D heterojunctions and g, h 2D-2D heterojunctions. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [56, 98, 122, 168]
  • 
    Semiconducting heterojunctions with a Type І and b Type ІІ band alignments. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [215]
  • 
    Schematics of heterojunctions of a p-n junction, b IFCT and c Z-Scheme. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [164, 166, 216]
  • 
    The illustration of heterojunction between a 2D MoS2 nanosheet and an Ag nanoparticle. Reproduced with permission of Ref. [175]

• Porous Graphene Microflowers for High-Performance Microwave Absorption

  Chen Chen1, Jiabin Xi1, Erzhen Zhou2, Li Peng1, Zichen Chen2, *, Chao Gao1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 26
  First Online: 28 November 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0179-8

  • 
    a Schematic illustration of the formation of Gmfs. b, c SEM images of Gmfs. The insert is the digital picture of the 0.4 g Gmfs powder in a 20 mL bottle. d, e TEM images of an individual Gmfs
  • 
    a N2 absorption/ desorption curves of Gmfs. The insert is the calculated pore diameter distribution. b N2 absorption/ desorption curves of CG. The insert is the calculated pore diameter distribution. c Raman spectra of Gmfs and CG. d XRD pattern of Gmfs
  • 
    a The real parts and b imaginary parts of permittivity of Gmfs/paraffin composites with different filler contents. c The real parts and d imaginary parts of permittivity of CG/paraffin composites with different filler contents
  • 
    a Reflection loss of 10 wt% Gmfs/paraffin composite with various thickness. b Reflection loss of 8 wt% CG/paraffin composite with various thickness. c EABs of Gmfs/paraffin and CG/paraffin under different filler contents. d Comparison of the Maximum |RL| and EAB of Gmf/paraffin and CG/paraffin with reported values in literatures
  • 
    a Tangent loss of Gmfs/paraffin under different filler contents. b Tangent loss of CG/paraffin under different filler contents.c Real parts and imaginary parts of 10 wt% Gmfs/paraffin and 8 wt% CG/paraffin in 13, 15, and 18 GHz. The colored circles represent the rational ranges of ε’ and ε” to make RL lower than -10 dB in corresponding frequency. d Schematic illustration of MA mechanism of Gmfs

• Facile Synthesis of N-doped Graphene-like Carbon Nanoflakes as Efficient and Stable Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

  Daguo Gu1, Yao Zhou2, Ruguang Ma2, *, Fangfang Wang2, Qian Liu2, 3, *, Jiacheng Wang2, 3, *	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 29
  First Online: 04 December 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0181-1

  • 
    Synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene-like carbon nanoflakes by pyrolyzing biomass citric acid and dicyandiamide at 1000 °C
  • 
    SEM images of a PC, b NC-1, c NC-3, d NC-6, and the corresponding elemental e O and f N mapping images of NC-6
  • 
    a TEM and b high-resolution TEM images of NC-6
  • 
    a XPS survey spectra of PC, NC-1, NC-3, and NC-6. b Atomic ratio of O/C and N/C in PC, NC-1, NC-3, and NC-6. High-resolution XPS spectra of N 1s for c NC-1, d NC-3, and e NC-6. f Schematic illustration of N-containing species incorporated in the graphene plane of the NC-X samples
  • 
    Raman spectra of the PC and NCs samples.
  • 
    a N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and b the corresponding pore size distribution curves of PC and NC-X samples calculated from the adsorption branches. Solid and empty symbols correspond to the left and right axes, respectively.
  • 
    Electrochemical oxygen reduction measurements in 0.1 M KOH solution. a Comparison of LSV curves for PC, NC-1, NC-3, NC-6, and commercial Pt/C catalyst at a scan rate of 10 mV s–1 and 1600 rpm in O2-saturated solution. b Dependence of half-wave potential (Ehalf) and current density on the mass ratio of dicyanamide (DCA) to citric acid. c CV curves of NC-6 in O2- or N2-saturated solution. d LSV curves of NC-6 and Pt/C at different rotation speeds (varying from 400 to 2025 rpm). e K-L plots of the samples based on the LSV curves at different rotation speeds and 0.4 V (vs. RHE). f Electron transfer number (n) calculated from the K-L plots of the various samples in the potential range of 0.2–0.5 V (vs. RHE)
  • 
    a Ring-disc voltammograms of NC-6 and Pt/C at a scan rate of 10 mV s–1 and 1600 rpm in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH solution. b Peroxide yield and number of transferred electrons of NC-6 and Pt/C in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH solution
  • 
    a Chronoamperometric responses of the NC-6 and Pt/C electrodes in 0.1 M KOH solution with 3 M methanol added after ~5 min at a rotation rate of 1600 rpm. b Chronoamperometric curves of NC-6 and Pt/C electrodes at 0.4 V (vs. RHE) in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH solution

• Growth of SnO2 Nanoflowers on N-doped Carbon Nanofibers as Anode for Li- and Na-ion Batteries

  Jiaojiao Liang1, #, Chaochun Yuan2, #, Huanhuan Li2, Kai Fan1, Zengxi Wei1, Hanqi Sun1, Jianmin Ma1, 3, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 21
  First Online: 07 November 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0172-2

  • 
    Schematic diagram for synthetic process of NC@SnO2
  • 
    a, b SEM images of SnO2. c, d SEM images and e, f TEM images of NC@SnO2
  • 
    XRD patterns of NC@SnO2, SnO2 and NC
  • 
    XPS spectra of the NC@SnO2: a Sn 3d, b O 1s, c N 1s and d C 1s
  • 
    Electrochemical performance for LIBs: a Cyclic voltammetry curves of NC@SnO2 at 0.1 mV s-1. b Charge-discharge voltage profiles of NC@SnO2. c Cycling performances of NC@SnO2, SnO2 and NC at 1 A g-1. d Rate capabilities of NC@SnO2, SnO2 and NC
  • 
    Electrochemical performance for SIBs: a Cyclic voltammetry curves of NC@SnO2 at 0.1 mV s-1. b Charge-discharge voltage profiles of NC@SnO2. c Cycling performances of NC@SnO2, SnO2 and NC at 100 mA g-1. d Rate capabilities of NC@SnO2, SnO2 and NC
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    SEM images of the electrodes after cycles for the Li-ion batteries: a, b NC@SnO2 and c, d SnO2

• One-pot Synthesis of Co-based Coordination Polymer Nanowire for Li-ion Batteries with Great Capacity and Stable Cycling Stability

  Peng Wang1, Xiaobing Lou1, Chao Li1, Xiaoshi Hu1, Qi Yang1, *, Bingwen Hu1	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 19
  First Online: 14 November 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0177-x

  • 
    a FTIR spectra of Co-BDCN-24h, Co-BDCN-3h, terephthalamide, and terephthalonitrile. b 1H NMR spectra of Co-BDCN-24h, Co-BDCN-3h, terephthalamide, and terephthalonitrile (dissolved in DMSO-d6 liquids) and DMSO-d6 in liquid state. c Solid-state 13C NMR spectra of Co-BDCN-24h. d TG curves of Co-BDCN-24h
  • 
    a XPS surveys and b high-resolution Co 2p XPS spectra of Co-BDCN-24h, from which the existence of C, N, O, and Co2+ were determined
  • 
    Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm of Co-BDCN-24h. Inset: the pore-size distribution calculated based on the desorption branch of the corresponding isotherm
  • 
    a, b SEM micrographs of the synthesized Co-BDCN-24h at low and high magnifications. EDS elemental mapping images (c C, d O, e Co, and f N) and g whole-energy spectra of Co-BDCN-24h. The peak at ~2 keV in the EDS spectrum is attributed to gold
  • 
    a Cycling performance and coulombic efficiency of Co-BDCN-24h at 100 mA g-1. b Cycling performance and coulombic efficiency of terephthalonitrile and terephthalamide at 100 mA g-1. c Cyclic voltammograms for the first two cycles of Co-BDCN-24h at a scan rate of 0.2 mV s-1. d Rate performance of Co-BDCN-24h
  • 
    Galvanostatic charge-discharge profiles of Co-BDCN-24h at 100 mA g-1
  • 
    Nyquist plots of Co-BDCN electrode at different cycling intervals
  • 
    SEM micrograph of Co-BDCN electrode after 50 cycles
  • 
    The forming process of Co-BDCN-24h
  • 
    The schematic view of lithiation sites for Li+ adsorbed on benzene ring and amide group with the effect of electron-donating of Co-BDCN-24h

• Direct Growth of Graphene on Silicon by Metal-Free Chemical Vapor Deposition

  Lixuan Tai1, 3, #, Daming Zhu1, #, *, Xing Liu1, 2, #, Tieying Yang1, Lei Wang1, Rui Wang1, Sheng Jiang1, Zhenhua Chen1, Zhongmin Xu1, Xiaolong Li1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 20
  First Online: 06 November 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0173-1

  • 
    Designed metal-free CVD synthesis and characterization of the as-grown graphene domains on silicon (100) substrates at 910 °C. a Schematic diagram of the graphene domains grown on the silicon surface. The substrate was placed upside-down in order to capture more methane molecules during growth, which actually occurs on the front face. b Typical AFM height image. c Corresponding AFM height profile along the lines I, II in Fig. 1b. d Corresponding AFM phase image. e Raman spectra of graphene grown on silicon (100) substrates
  • 
    a, b High-resolution SEM images of the graphene grains on silicon. c High magnification AFM topography and d corresponding phase image of the graphene grains on silicon
  • 
    Investigation of graphene nucleation and growth on silicon (100). a-f AFM height image of graphene domains directly grown on silicon (100) substrates for 1 h at the following temperatures: a 900 °C, b 905 °C, c 915 °C, d 920 °C, e 925 °C, and f 930 °C. The bottom row shows the corresponding height profile along the black line. The arrows indicate the height differences between the corresponding two points. Light-blue, blue, and red circles correspond to flat, concave, and bulging graphene domains, respectively. The scan size is 2 µm. g, h The corresponding AFM phase images of graphene grown at 900 and 930 °C, respectively. i The average grain number and the maximum grain size as a function of growth temperature
  • 
    Spectroscopic characteristics of graphene grown directly on silicon. a C 1s XPS spectrum of as-grown graphene. b Si 2p XPS spectra of graphene at various growth temperatures, from bottom to top are 900, 905, 910, 915, 920, 925, and 930 °C respectively. c Representative Raman spectra of graphene at various growth temperatures. d Ratio of the Raman D band intensity to that of the G-band (ID/IG), red, and the 2D band intensity to the G-band (I2D/IG), light blue, as a function of growth temperature
  • 
    Schematic of the direct nucleation and growth process of graphene domains on silicon substrates using metal-free APCVD. a Methane decomposition and super-saturated, active carbon species anchored on the silicon surface. This facilitates graphene nucleation. b In-plane propagation with carbon atoms landing at the edge of stable nuclei and the formation of small flat monolayer or bilayer graphene domains. c Edge-propagation process for bilayer graphene depositions at the active edge of the monolayer graphene domains, and the formation of larger, concave bilayer graphene domains. d Core-propagation process with more graphene layers nucleating in the core of the concave graphene domains, and stabilization of the bigger bulging graphene domains at higher growth temperatures

• Reduced Graphene Oxide-Wrapped FeS2 Composite as Anode for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries

  Qinghong Wang1, *, Can Guo1, Yuxuan Zhu1, Jiapeng He1, Hongqiang Wang2, *	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 30
  First Online: 28 November 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0183-z

  • 
    a XRD patterns of the as-prepared Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/rGO precursors. b SEM image of Fe3O4. c SEM image and d TEM image of Fe3O4/rGO
  • 
    a XRD patterns of the as-prepared FeS2 and FeS2/rGO composite. b, c SEM images of FeS2. d SEM image, e, f TEM images, g, h HRTEM images, and i SAED pattern of FeS2/rGO composite
  • 
    a TG curves and b N2 adsorption-desorption curves of FeS2 and FeS2/rGO composite
  • 
    CV curves of a FeS2 and b FeS2/rGO
  • 
    a Galvanostatic charge-discharge curves of FeS2/rGO. b Cycle life and Coulombic efficiencies. c Rate performance and d Nyquist plots for FeS2 and FeS2/rGO composite
  • 
    a SEM image of freshly prepared FeS2/rGO electrode. b SEM image, and c, d TEM images of FeS2/rGO electrode after 100 charge-discharge cycles

• Efficient Carbon-Based CsPbBr3 Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells by Using Cu-Phthalocyanine as Hole Transport Material

  Zhiyong Liu1, Bo Sun1, Xingyue Liu1, Jinghui Han1, Haibo Ye1, Tielin Shi1, Zirong Tang1, Guanglan Liao1, 2, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 34
  First Online: 26 December 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0187-3

  • 
    a Schematic cross-sectional view of the CuPc-based CsPbBr3 PSC with a printable low-temperature carbon electrode. b Schematic energy level alignment at interfaces. EVAC is the vacuum energy, EC is the conduction band edges, EF is the Fermi levels and EV is the valence band edges. c Schematic illustration of proposed band bending at interfaces
  • 
    SEM images of a top-view of the CsPbBr3 perovskite film and b top-view of the CsPbBr3 perovskite film deposited with CuPc. c Cross-sectional SEM image of the whole device. d close-up of the structure under higher magnification. e XRD spectra of the FTO/TiO2, FTO/TiO2/CsPbBr3 and FTO/TiO2/CsPbBr3/CuPc. f UV-Vis absorbance spectra of the CuPc, FTO/TiO2/CsPbBr3, and FTO/TiO2/CsPbBr3/CuPc
  • 
    The steady-state a and time-resolved b PL spectra of the CsPbBr3 and CsPbBr3/CuPc films
  • 
    a Best performed current density-voltage (J-V) curves of typical small area (0.071 cm2) carbon based CsPbBr3 PSCs with CuPc as HTM or without HTM measured under 100 mW cm-2 photon flux (AM 1.5G), respectively. b IPCE spectra and corresponding integrated photocurrents. Box charts exhibiting the statistical features of c JSC, d VOC, e FF, and f PCE of the carbon based CsPbBr3 PSCs with CuPc as HTM or without HTM
  • 
    a Nyquist plots at bias 1.0 V of the HTM-free and CuPc based CsPbBr3 PSCs in the dark. Inset: The equivalent circuit employed to fit the Nyquist plots. b Nyquist plots in the high frequency range. c Illustration depicting the function of CuPc as HTM layer in PSCs
  • 
    a J-V plot of the carbon-based perovskite solar cell with a large active area of 2.25 cm2. b Stabilized power output measurement for the large area PSC. c Normalized PCE of CsPbBr3/CuPc/Carbon, CsPbBr3/Carbon and CH3NH3PbI3/Carbon based PSCs vs. storage time in ambient air (30-40% RH, 25 °C) without encapsulation. d Normalized PCE of CsPbBr3/CuPc/Carbon, CsPbBr3/Carbon and CH3NH3PbI3/Carbon based PSCs vs. storage time heated at high temperature (100 °C) in a high-humidity ambient environment (70-80% RH, 100 °C) without encapsulation

• CuCr2O4@rGO Nanocomposites as High-Performance Cathode Catalyst for Rechargeable Lithium-Oxygen Batteries

  Jiandi Liu1, Yanyan Zhao1, Xin Li1, Chunge Wang1, Yaping Zeng1, Guanghui Yue1, *, Qiang Chen2	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 22
  First Online: 15 November 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0175-z

  • 
    XRD patterns of CCO and CCO@rGO
  • 
    SEM images with different magnifications of a, c CCO nanoparticles, b, d CCO@rGO nanocomposites
  • 
    TEM image of a CCO@rGO and b with corresponding HRTEM pattern
  • 
    a, c Galvanostatic discharge and charge curves of the CCO and CCO@rGO cathodes at different current densities (100, 200, and 500 mA g-1). b, d Discharge/charge curves of the CCO@rGO and CCO cathodes. e Cyclic stability of the LOBs with CCO@rGO and CCO cathodes. All the discharge and charge processes are measured via a limited capacity of 1000 mAh g-1
  • 
    SEM images of CCO@rGO electrodes a initial, b after discharge, and c after recharge stage. d XRD patterns of the cathodes after the discharge and recharge stages
  • 
    Schematic illustration for the function of LOBs using CCO@rGO catalyst

• A CuNi/C Nanosheet Array Based on a Metal-Organic Framework Derivate as a Supersensitive Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensor

  Li Zhang1, Chen Ye1, Xu Li2, Yaru Ding1, Hongbo Liang1, Guangyu Zhao1, Yan Wang1, ⁎	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 28
  First Online: 23 November 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0178-9

  • 
    Schematic diagram of preparing CuNi/C electrodes
  • 
    SEM images of CuNi/C electrodes prepared with different Cu depositing times: a 5 s, b 10 s, c 20 s, d 50 s, and e 100 s. The insets show the corresponding high-resolution images, and f EDS pattern on c.
  • 
    Amperometric responses of CuNi/C obtained from different Cu depositing time, and the detail shows the consecutive addition of 20 μM glucose into 0.1 M NaOH at 0.54 V.
  • 
    XRD pattern of CuNi/C electrodes
  • 
    a Activated CuNi/C electrodes in 0.1 M NaOH by CV for 60 cycles. b CVs of activated electrodes in 0.1 M NaOH and 0.1 M NaOH + 0.4 mM glucose. The CV measurements are performed in a three-electrode system by using Pt foil as counter electrode, and Ag/AgCl as a reference electrode. The scan rate is 20 mV s–1.
  • 
    a Effects of various potentials on the amperometric response of CuNi/C electrodes given the successive addition of 8 μM glucose. b Amperometric responses of CuNi/C electrodes given the successive addition of glucose at 0.54 V. The left inset shows partial amplification of the amperometric response to low glucose concentration. c The corresponding calibration curve of the response current density relative to glucose concentration. d Interference test performed on CuNi/C electrodes by adding 0.1 mM glucose, 5 μM DA, 5 μM AA 52 μM UA, 5 μM acetaminophen, 5 μM fructose, 5 μM sucrose, 5 μM folic acid, and 5 μM L-cysteine into 0.1 M NaOH at 0.54 V

• Hierarchical Nanogold Labels to Improve the Sensitivity of Lateral Flow Immunoassay

  Kseniya Serebrennikova1, 2, *, Jeanne Samsonova1, 2, Alexander Osipov1, 2	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 24
  First Online: 23 November 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0180-2

  • 
    Scheme of LFIA using gold nanoparticles as labels: (1) Sample pad, (2) Conjugate pad, (3) Test line, (4) Control line, (5) Absorbent pad
  • 
    Characterization of GNSs, GNPNs, and GNSTs: Photo of colloidal solutions and TEM images of gold nanoparticles
  • 
    UV-Vis spectra of gold nanoparticles: (1) GNSs 20.0 ± 1 nm, (2) GNSs 35.1 ± 2.3 nm, (3) GNSs 50.4 ± 1.6 nm, (4) GNSs 70.2 ± 1.8 nm, (5) GNSs 100.2 ± 2.0 nm, (6) GNPNs 100.1 ± 5.7 nm and (7) GNSTs 64.3 ± 3.0 nm
  • 
    Calibration curves of PCT LFIA for different combinations of antibodies: (1) immobilized antibodies–mAb, detection antibodies–pAb, and (2) immobilized antibodies–pAb, detection antibodies–mAb
  • 
    a Calibration curves of LFIA for PCT detection based on GNSs, GNPNs, and GNSTs. b Color intensity in the analytical zone for GNPN-based and GNS-based LFIA (70 nm)
  • 
    a Silver-enhanced LFIA for the detection of PCT. b Calibration curves for PCT obtained from LFIA based on 20 nm GNSs, GNPNs, and silver-enhanced LFIA

• Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene/ITO Nanoparticle Hybrid Transparent Conducting Electrode

  Bastian Waduge Naveen Harindu Hemasiri1, Jae-Kwan Kim1, Ji-Myon Lee1, *	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 18
  First Online: 14 November 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0174-0

  • 
    a Schematic of the CVD graphene growth process. b Process flow chart of the synthesis of ITO nanoparticles/graphene hybrids. c Optical microscopic image of graphene on SiO2 (300 ± 5 nm) /Si substrate. d Raman spectrum of CVD graphene (excitation wavelength of 532 nm) on SiO2 (300 ± 5 nm)/Si (black line) and Lorentzian fitted curve (red line)
  • 
    FE-SEM images of a CVD graphene on copper. b ITO nanoparticle deposited (1 min immersion of graphene in ITO solution) graphene on copper after air drying. c ITO nanoparticle deposited graphene on SiO2 (300 ± 10 nm) /Si substrate before annealing. d ITO nanoparticle deposited graphene on SiO2 (300 ± 5 nm) /Si substrate after vacuum annealing at 450 °C for 1 h. e Optical microscopic imagery of ITO nanoparticle-decorated graphene on SiO2 (300 ± 5 nm) /Si substrate after annealing. The black dots represent ITO nanoparticles.
  • 
    a XRD pattern of ITO nanoparticles deposited on graphene after annealing at 450 °C for 1 h under vacuum (black curve) and Lorentzian fitting curve (red curve). b EDX spectroscopy of ITO nanoparticles deposited on graphene after annealing at 450 °C for 1 h under vacuum
  • 
    XPS of ITO nanoparticles deposited on graphene after annealing at 450 °C for 1 h under vacuum: a wide-scan spectra, b narrow-scan spectra of In3d, c narrow-scan spectra of Sn3d, and d narrow-scan spectra of C1s
  • 
    a Raman spectrum of CVD graphene (excitation wavelength 532 nm) after transference to SiO2 (300 ± 5 nm)/Si (black curve), after vacuum annealing at 450 °C for 1 h (red curve) and ITO nanoparticles decorated graphene (blue curve), zoomed spectra of Lorentzian fitted graphs of the b G peak, c 2D peak, and d peak. e ID/IG and I2D/IG ratios of graphene under different situations
  • 
    a Voltage–current (V–I) characteristics of graphene and ITO nanoparticles deposited graphene (inset image shows the schematic diagram of the prepared sample). b UV–Vis spectrum of graphene and ITO nanoparticle-deposited graphene. c variation in sheet resistance and light transmittance as functions of optical density

• Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting by g-C3N4/TiO2 Nanotube Array Heterostructures

  Changhai Liu1, Fang Wang1, Jin Zhang1, Ke Wang1, Yangyang Qiu1, Qian Liang2, Zhidong Chen2, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 37
  First Online: 15 January 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0192-6

  • 
    Schematic diagram of the preparation of TNTAs and g-C3N4/TNTA photoelectrodes
  • 
    a XRD and b Raman spectra of g-C3N4, TNTAs, and g-C3N4/TNTAs
  • 
    SEM images of the as-synthesized a TNTAs and b g-C3N4/TNTAs. c TEM image and d EDX spectrum of g-C3N4/TNTAs. e, f Elemental mapping results of g-C3N4/TNTAs
  • 
    Number of nanotubes with different rin/rout values for TNTAs (black) and g-C3N4/TNTAs (red)
  • 
    Top view and 3D AFM images (2×2 μm2) of a, b TNTAs and c, d g-C3N4/TNTAs
  • 
    XPS spectra of g-C3N4/TNTAs: a survey scan, b Ti 2p, c C 1s, and d N 1s scans
  • 
    a Current-potential curves of the g-C3N4/TNTA photoanode and reference samples (TNTAs, amorphous TiO2, and g-C3N4/TiO2) under light irradiation (100 mW cm–2). The dark line indicates the dark current density. b Time-dependent photocurrent density of different photoanodes under intermittent light irradiation. c Photoconversion efficiency as a function of applied potential for different photoanodes. d Chronoamperometry plot (I-t) of the g-C3N4/TNTAs measured in 0.1 M Na2SO4 with a three-electrode system at 1.23 VRHE for 10 h
  • 
    Nyquist plots of a g-C3N4/TiO2, b TNTAs, and c g-C3N4/TNTAs electrodes in dark and with light irradiation
  • 
    Transient OCPs of g-C3N4/TNTAs, TNTAs, and g-C3N4/TiO2 photoanodes
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    Mott-Schottky images of a pristine TNTAs and b g-C3N4/TNTAs
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    Schematic diagram of the charge transfer mechanism of the g-C3N4/TNTA heterojunction electrode

• Design of Supercapacitor Electrodes Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations

  Zheng Bo1,⁎, Changwen Li1, Huachao Yang1, Kostya Ostrikov2, 3, Jianhua Yan1, Kefa Cen1	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 33
  First Online: 21 December 2017 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0188-2

  • 
    a CSAC model and the pore size distributions for average pore size of b 0.75 nm and c 1.23 nm (gray: carbon atoms, red: cations and green: anions). Reprinted with permission from Ref. [61]. Copyright (2014) American Chemical Society
  • 
    The energy storage inside CDC electrode. a The snapshot of CDC model and quantitative picture of ions adsorbed into the model under different potentials (blue: carbon atoms, red: BMI+ ions and green: PF_6^- ions). b Integral of charge density over the distance to surface for CDC-1200 and graphite. c The distributions of capacitance per atom for three kinds of carbon material, and the average value is indicated by the arrow. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [27]. Copyright (2012) Nature Publishing Group. d Four typical structures of adsorption location (edge, plane, hollow, pocket) with the different DoC. The variation of e fraction of ions and f counter-charge per ion with DoC. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [31]. Copyright (2013) Nature Publishing Group
  • 
    Charging dynamics and characteristics times of each stage in CDC electrode. a Time evolution of average charge per atom for CDC-800, CDC-950 and CDC-1200. b The local charge (left) and instantaneous ionic position (right) for CDC-1200 when t=2.4 ns. c Evolution of local charge with time for CDC-1200. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [67]. Copyright (2014) American Chemical Society. Summary of various characteristics times for three stages when ions approaching the surface at d 0 V and e -1 V. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [66]. Copyright (2015) American Chemical Society
  • 
    Numerical structures for a planar model and b slit-type model. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [18]. Copyright (2016) American Chemical Society
  • 
    Differential capacitance as a function of electrode potential. For a flat and rough surface. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [32]. Copyright (2011) American Chemical Society. For b the surface with different surface nanopatterning. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [33]. Copyright (2012) American Chemical Society
  • 
    Doping heteroatoms and functional groups. a The diagram of two kinds of doping nitrogen atoms and the variation of EDL capacitance and quantum capacitance with potential. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [35]. Copyright (2013) American Chemical Society. b The diagram of doping oxygen-containing functional groups. c The capacitance as a function of oxidation ratio for epoxy and hydroxyl groups. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [36]. Copyright (2014) American Chemical Society
  • 
    The capacitance and number density in slit-type models. The capacitance as a function of pore size. For a small range. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [24]. Copyright (2011) American Chemical Society. For b large range. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [26]. Copyright (2011) American Chemical Society. c The variation of EDL interference factor with the pore size. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [103]. Copyright (2011) American Chemical Society. d The variation of capacitance when adding organic solvents. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [106]. Copyright (2012) American Chemical Society. e The diagram of a sandwich capacitance model. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [25]. Copyright (2010) American Chemical Society. Adding ACN molecules, the variation of f self-diffusion coefficient. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [109]. Copyright (2016) American Chemical Society. The variation of g capacitance with ACN concentration. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [108]. Copyright (2016) American Chemical Society. At different voltages, h capacitance and i number density. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [113]. Copyright (2012) American Chemical Society
  • 
    The distributions of a concentration and b hydration number as a function of position for different kinds of pore size. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [25]. Copyright (2010) American Chemical Society. c The hydration structures of Ca+ and Cl- ions under the slit pores of 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 nm. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [116]. Copyright (2009) American Chemical Society. d The dehydration rate of Na+ and Cl- ions for different kinds of pore size. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [30]. Copyright (2015) Nature Publishing Group
  • 
    Charging dynamics and ion accumulation in slit pores. a MSDs of cations and anions for the slit pores with different pore size and bulk. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [117]. Copyright (2012) American Chemical Society. b The charge accumulation inside slit pores with 0.53 and 0.66 nm. When a voltage of 3 V is imposed at t=0, the evolutions of c total pore occupancy and d average density of cations and anions are obtained. e The charge accumulation in ionophilic and ionophoboic slit pores. f The diffusion coefficient as a function of cation density. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [102]. Copyright (2014) Nature Publishing Group
  • 
    The diagrams and capacitive performances of edge. a The diagram of edge on graphene. b The capacitances of pristine and edge-functionalized graphene. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [40]. Copyright (2014) American Chemical Society. c The diagram of multilayer graphene and its capacitances for different intervals. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [18]. Copyright (2016) American Chemical Society
  • 
    Two surfaces of CNTs. a The outer surface of CNTs. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [15]. Copyright (2013) American Chemical Society. b The inner surface of CNTs. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [28]. Copyright (2010) American Chemical Society.
  • 
    The behaviors of energy storage and microstructures for CNTs. The variation of capacitance with radius of CNT. a For the outer surface. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [15]. Copyright (2013) American Chemical Society. b For the inner surface. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [28]. Copyright (2010) American Chemical Society. c The orientations of ions in the first and second external shell as well as internal shell. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [16]. Copyright (2009) American Chemical Society. d The evolutions of number of Na+, K+, Cs+ ions entering into the CNT. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [132]. Copyright (2007) American Institute of Physics
  • 
    a The numerical structure of OLC when immersed in the electrolyte. b The capacitance as a function of radius of OLC. c The variation of capacitance versus potential for planar model and OLC model with different radius. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [135]. Copyright (2012) American Chemical Society

• Upconversion Nanoparticles-Encoded Hydrogel Microbeads-Based Multiplexed Protein Detection

  Swati Shikha1, Xiang Zheng1, 2, Yong Zhang1, 2, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 31
  First Online: 08 December 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0184-y

  • 
    Photo-crosslinking mechanism of PEGDA. a UV-induced dissociation of photoinitiator to generate free radicals. b Propagation step, where free radical attacks the double bond in PEGDA to form new radicals. c Chain-transfer. d Different combinations of free radicals to form stable, inactive products, thereby leading to chain termination [1]
  • 
    a Hydrodynamic size and size distribution of NaYF4:50%Yb1%Er (red) and NaYF4:18%Yb2%Er30%Lu (green) UCNPs in dispersed cyclohexane. TEM images of b, c NaYF4:50%Yb1%Er and d, e NaYF4:18%Yb2%Er30%Lu UCNPs dispersed in cyclohexane. f Emission fluorescence spectra of NaYF4:50%Yb1%Er (top) and NaYF4:18%Yb2%Er30%Lu (bottom) UCNPs, insets (i, ii) are corresponding camera pictures. g Hydrodynamic size and size distribution of carboxyl-modified NaYF4:50%Yb1%Er (red) and NaYF4:18%Yb2%Er30%Lu (green) UCNPs dispersed in water. TEM images of carboxyl-modified h, i NaYF4:50%Yb1%Er and j, k NaYF4:18%Yb2%Er30%Lu UCNPs dispersed in water. l Emission fluorescence spectra of carboxyl-modified NaYF4:50%Yb1%Er (top) and NaYF4:18%Yb2%Er30%Lu (bottom) UCNPs, insets (i, ii) are corresponding camera pictures.
  • 
    Droplet microfluidic-assisted synthesis of microbeads. a AutoCAD design of the droplet microfluidic device. b Schema showing mechanism of droplet microfluidic-based microbeads synthesis. c, d Bright field microscopy images showing the production of hydrogel using microfluidic device and e, f Bright field microscopy images of microbeads formed after crosslinking the hydrogel at 10x and 20x magnifications. g Formation of hydrogel in the microfluidic channel at different flow rates of oil, and h corresponding bright field microscopy images (at 40x, exposure = 10 ms, gain = 4x) of microbeads formed. i Diameters of microbeads formed under the different oil flow rates, and j corresponding graph to show the relationship with different oil flow rates (data represent mean ± SD; n = 50 microbeads)
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    Bright field microscopy images and their corresponding fluorescent microscopy images (at 40x magnification) of microbeads encoded with carboxyl-modified NaYF4:50%Yb,1%Er and NaYF4:18%Yb2%Er30%Lu UCNPs at ratios of a, f 1:0, b, g 0.67:0.33, c, h 0.5:0.5, d, i 0.33:0.67, and e, j 0:1 k Ratio of red and green intensity calculated from each microbeads (top) and the corresponding graph (bottom) (data represent mean ± SD; n = 20 microbeads)
  • 
    a Size distribution of NaYF4:30%Yb0.5%Tm UCNPs with and without carboxyl modification in cyclohexane and in water, respectively. TEM images of b NaYF4:30%Yb0.5%Tm UCNPs in cyclohexane, and c NaYF4:30%Yb0.5%Tm@carboxyl UCNPs in water. d Emission fluorescence spectra of NaYF4:30%Yb0.5%Tm UCNPs with and without surface modification in cyclohexane and in water, respectively, and insets are corresponding camera picture of (i) NaYF4:30%Yb0.5%Tm, and (ii) NaYF4:30%Yb0.5%Tm@carboxyl UCNPs
  • 
    a Different surface charge of UCNPs-Ab conjugates at different concentrations of UCNPs, and b corresponding graph for surface charge vs UCNPs concentrations in UCNPs-Ab conjugate. c, e Bright-field and d, f corresponding fluorescent microscopy images at 40x magnification of NaYF4:YbTm microbeads with and without UCNPs-Ab, and g corresponding S/N ratios of UCNPs-Ab at different concentrations of UCNPs used in the conjugation reaction (data represent mean ± SD; n = 20 microbeads)
  • 
    Bright field images and corresponding fluorescent microscopy images of open filter and filter for collecting blue emissions (at 40x magnification). a, b, c without (control) and d, e, f with target HSA protein added. g Plot of R:B intensity ratio for encoded microbeads with and without protein target added for detection (data represent mean ± SD; n = 20 microbeads). h Calibration curve for quantitative detection of target HSA protein (data represent mean ± SD; n = 20 microbeads). Multiplex detection of target proteins HSA and hCRP using NaYF4:50%Yb1%Er and NaYF4:18%Yb2%Er30%Lu UCNPs encoded multicolor microbeads. Bright field images and corresponding fluorescent images of open filter and filter for collecting blue emissions for encoded microbead-based detection for i, j, k without (control) and l, m, n with target proteins added

• A Review: Enhanced Anodes of Li/Na-Ion Batteries Based on Yolk-Shell Structured Nanomaterials

  Cuo Wu1, Xin Tong1, Yuanfei Ai1,  De-Sheng Liu1, Peng Yu1, Jiang Wu1, 2, Zhiming M. Wang1, *	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 40
  First Online: 17 January 2018 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0194-4

  • 
    Graphics illustration of yolk-shell structure: a single shell with single yolk, b double shells with a single yolk, c multiple shells with a single yolk, and d single shell with multiple yolks. Reprinted with permission from Refs. [21, 55, 133]. TEM images of: e single shell with single yolk, f double shells with single yolk, and g single shell with multiple yolks. h SEM, i TEM, j HRTEM and k element mapping images of triple shells with single yolk. Reprinted with permission from Refs. [58, 60, 62, 68]
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    Schematic demonstration of novel YS structure of: a polystyrene spheres (PS)@NiCo2S4, Reprinted with permission from Ref. [71]. b urchin-like Bi2S3@polypyrrole(ppy), Reprinted with permission from Ref. [72]. c rough VO2 microspheres, Reprinted with permission from Ref. [73] and d pomegranate-like Si@C. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [75]. The corresponding TEM images of e PS@NiCo2S4, and f Bi2S3@ppy. Reprinted with permission from Refs. [71, 72]. g1 FESEM and g2 TEM images of VO2 microspheres. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [73]. h SEM image of pomegranate-like Si@C particles. Inset shows the spherical morphology in overall. i Details of sub-YS nanospheres in a single pomegranate-like Si@C particle. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [75]
  • 
    a Schematic illustration YS Fe3O4@C nanobox following 1-, 2-, and 3-h etching time. The TEM images (b1 , b2, b3) of Fe3O4@C nanobox are showed in the dashed box corresponding to 1-, 2-, and 3-h etching, respectively. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [84]. Graphic illustrations of c YS nanoprism of Ni-Co mixed oxide, d YS octahedral Fe2P@C, and e YS octahedral Au nanorod@Cu7S4. f TEM image of YS Ni-Co mixed oxide nanoprism. g1 SEM image and g2 TEM octahedral Fe2P@C. h TEM octahedral Cu7S4 shell with Au nanorod yolk. Reprinted with permission from Refs. [80, 82, 88]
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    a1- a5 Schematic illustration of synthesis process of YS Au@TiO2 nanorod. The corresponding TEM images of synthesis process: b-d the as-prepared Au@TiO2 nanorod with different aspect ratios. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [92]
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    TEM images and electrochemical performance of LIB assembled with YS structure anode: a Sn@C nanocube, the corresponding b cyclic voltammetry curves and c cyclic performance. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [87]. d Ni2P wrapped by graphene networks, the corresponding e rate performance at different current densities, and f long-term cycle performance. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [124]. g urchin-like Bi2S3@ppy, the corresponding h galvanostatic profiles and i long-term cyclic performance. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [72]. j Fe3O4@Fe3C nanospindle and k the corresponding long-term cyclic performance. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [93]. l Schematic illustration of volume expansion of YS structure yolk after lithiation. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [104]
  • 
    a TEM image and b HRTEM image of FeS2@C with 45-minute etching. Element mapping images of: c FeS2@C-0 and d FeS2@C-45. e Comparison of rate performance of FeS2@C-0 and FeS2@C-45 at various current densities. f Variation of capacity retention of FeS2@C-0 and FeS2@C-45 in 100 cycles performance at 100 mA g-1. g Long-term cyclic performance of FeS2@C-0 and FeS2@C-45. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [86]

• Observation of Van Hove Singularities and Temperature Dependence of Electrical Characteristics in Suspended Carbon Nanotube Schottky Barrier Transistors

  Jian Zhang1, 2, Siyu Liu1, Jean Pierre Nshimiyimana1, 2, Ya Deng1, 2, Xiao Hu1, 2, Xiannian Chi1, 2, Pei Wu1, 2, Jia Liu1, 2, Weiguo Chu1, *, Lianfeng Sun1, *	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 25
  First Online: 24 October 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0171-3

  • 
    a Schematic of the electronic band structure (left) and DOS (right) of a semiconducting SWNT. Four sharp VHSs (VHS 1+, VHS 1−, VHS 2+, VHS 2−) appear at the onset of each subband. b Typical SEM image of a back-gate SWNT transistor. The SWNT is suspended, and the channel length is about 1 μm. c Schematic of the suspended SWNT transistor. The height of the suspended SWNT and the thickness of the insulating layer (SiO2) are 500 and 800 nm, respectively
  • 
    Differential conductance as a function of back-gate voltage for the suspended SWNT transistor at different temperatures. The black arrows indicate the sweep direction of the gate voltage. At temperature below 100 K, two critical saddle points appear at gate voltages of −37.4 and 38.0 V, respectively. The two vertical dashed lines correspond to the onsets of the subbands
  • 
    Drain conductance (G) at VG = −40 V (black) and +40 V (red) as a function of temperature
  • 
    Schematics of the bands along the length of the SWNT at different temperatures and gate voltages. a, b At low temperature (T < 50 K), bands of the ambipolar SWNT device at VG ≫ 0 (strong electron injection) and VG ≪ 0 (strong hole injection). c, d At high temperature (T >100 K), bands of the p-type SWNT device at VG ≫ 0 and VG ≪ 0. Φb shows the barrier height of the device

• Self-Powered Implantable Skin-Like Glucometer for Real-Time Detection of Blood Glucose Level in vivo

  Wanglinhan Zhang1, #, Linlin Zhang1, #, Huiling Gao2, Wenyan Yang1, Shuai Wang1, *, Lili Xing1, Xinyu Xue1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 32
  First Online: 16 December 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0185-x

  • 
    The potential application, device architecture, material system and experimental design of self-powered implantable skin-like glucometer. a Potential application. b Device architecture, material system and fabrication procedure. c Optical images of the device
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    a SEM image of as-grown ZnO nanowire arrays on Ti substrate on the side view. b, c Top-view SEM images of as-grown ZnO nanowire arrays. d SEM image of ZnO horizontally-aligned nanowire arrays (overwhelmed in one direction) before smearing on Kapton substrate. e High resolution TEM image of one single ZnO nanowire. f XRD pattern of ZnO nanowires. g Top-view SEM image of the device (before washing with acetone). h, i Enlarged view of the device
  • 
    a The measurement system. b The outputting piezoelectric voltage of self-powered implantable skin-like glucometer in different concentrations of glucose solution. The applied force is 21 N. c The enlarged views of the outputting piezoelectric voltage against 0.024, 0.45, and 0.076 g L-1 glucose solution. d The outputting piezoelectric voltage and the response of the device against different glucose solution concentration. e The piezoelectric voltage of the skin-like glucometer with and without GOx modification in air with different force frequencies
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    a, b The outputting piezoelectric voltage and response of the self-powered implantable skin-like glucometer against urea and fructose. c The outputting piezoelectric voltage and response of the device without GOx modification against glucose. d The outputting piezoelectric voltage and response of the device with GOx modification against glucose
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    Working mechanism of self-powered implantable skin-like glucometer. a GOx/ZnO nanowires in pure water without applied deformation. b The piezoelectric output of GOx/ZnO nanowires in pure water under applied deformation. c GOx/ZnO nanowires in glucose aqueous solution without applied deformation. d The piezoelectric output of GOx/ZnO nanowires in glucose aqueous solution under applied deformation
  • 
    The practical application of self-powered implantable skin-like glucometer implanted in a mouse body for detecting blood glucose concentration without any external electricity power source. a Implanting the device into the mouse and measurement set. b The outputting piezoelectric voltage changes before and after injection of glucose solution. c The outputting piezoelectric voltage and glucose meter index of the device before and after the injection of glucose solution

• Non-covalently Functionalized Graphene Oxide-Based Coating to Enhance Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of PVA Film

  Wenhua Chen1,#, Pengju Liu1,#, Lizhen Min1, Yiming Zhou1, Yuan Liu1,[1], Qi Wang1, Wenfeng Duan2	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 39
  First Online: 11 January 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0190-8

  • 
    Schematic diagram showing overall processing of non-covalently FGO
  • 
    TEM images of a GO and b FGO. c XRD patterns and d Raman spectra of GO and FGO
  • 
    TGA profiles of GO and FGO under nitrogen atmosphere
  • 
    a Schematic diagram of LBL assembly of FGO/PEI bilayers on PVA film. b SEM top-view images and c cross-section images of the coated sample. d Photographs showing excellent flexibility of the coated PVA film
  • 
    a UV-Vis spectra of GO-based multilayers deposited on PVA substrate and b absorption intensity at 231 nm as a function of bilayer number
  • 
    a TGA profiles of neat PVA, PVA/FGO, and PVA coated with different FGO-based layers. Schematic depicting degradation processes of b pure PVA and c coated PVA
  • 
    a HRR and b THR profiles of pure PVA, PVA/GO, and self-assembled FGO-coated PVA with different numbers of bilayers
  • 
    Snapshots of flame treatment of a PVA film, b PVA/FGO composite film, and c LBL-assembled FGO-coated PVA film with 10 bilayers with respect to time in 9 s. d Raman spectra of PVA coated with different self-assembled (FGO/PEI) bilayers after flame treatment. SEM images of external surfaces of FGO-based coating residue with e 10, f 20, and g 30 bilayers and internal surfaces of FGO-based coating residue with h 10, i 20, and j 30 bilayers. The insert shows XPS spectra of external and internal surfaces of FGO-based coating residue
  • 
    Scheme of the flame-retardant behaviors of a PVA/FGO composite and b FGO multilayer-coated PVA
  • 
    Snapshots of flame treatment of PVA sheet coated with 30 LBL-assembled bilayers based on a GO and b FGO with respect to time in 40 s. c Photographs showing morphology of films before and after flame treatment. d Schematic diagram of char structure of FGO-based residue layer