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Nano-Micro Letters
ISSN 2311-6706
e-ISSN 2150-5551
CN 31-2103/TB
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Yafei (Anderson) Zhang

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2017 Impact Factor: 7.381

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Nanoscale Wire-Bonding of Individual Ag Nanowires on Au Substrate at Room Temperature

By Peng Peng, Wei Guo*, Ying Zhu, Lei Liu, Guisheng Zou, Y. Norman Zhou

Dye-enhanced Self-Electrophoretic Propulsion of Light-Driven TiO2-Au Janus Micromotors

By Yefei Wu, Renfeng Dong, Qilu Zhang, Biye Ren

Novel Hybrid Nanoparticles of Vanadium Nitride/Porous Carbon as An Anode Material for Symmetrical Supercapacitor

By Sheng Chen, Pengyu Xu, Yue Li, Junfei Xue, Song Han, Weihui Ou, Yaping Ding, Weihai Ni

A Self-Powered Fast-Response Ultraviolet Detector of p-n Homojunction Assembled from Two ZnO-Based Nanowires

By Chenxi Zhang, Yudan Luo, Xiaohong Chen, Yiwei Chen, Zhuo Sun, Sumei Huang

Investigation on the Formation Mechanism of Double-Layer Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays via Single-Step Chemical Vapour Deposition

By John K Aijo, Johns Naduvath , Sudhanshu Mallick, Jacob W. Pledger, S.K Remillard, P.A. DeYoung, Manju Thankamoniamma, T.Shripathi, Rachel Reena Philip

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Recent Advances in Synthesis and Properties of Hybrid Halide Perovskites for Photovoltaics

Vidyasagar C. C.^{1, 2,} , Blanca M. Muñoz Flores¹, Víctor M. Jiménez Pérez^1,	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 68
First Online: 15 August 2018 (Review)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0221-5

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a Simulated crystal structure of CH3NH3BX3 obtained from the diffraction pattern and b electron–hole diffusion diagram in the material
Classifications of photovoltaics corresponding to inorganic, organic, and hybrid perovskites
Working principle of dye-sensitized solar cells
Stepwise progress in perovskite solar cells demonstrating the remarkably sharp rise in photovoltaic performance over the past eight years
Yearwise progress in perovskite solar cell research published by various journals (data collected from Web of Science)
XRD patterns of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite ultrafine nanoparticles: a after sonication in isopropanol for 10, 20, and 30 min (the peak assigned to unreacted PbI3 is marked) and b after 20 min sonication in water. Reproduced with permission Ref. [109]. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
Plots of three consecutive measurements of DLS with Zeta Potential which is performed in isopropanol suspensions of the CH3NH3PbI perovskite at 20 min sonication. Reproduced with permission Ref. [109]. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
a Excitation spectrum and b emission spectrum of CH3NH3PbI3 nanoparticles. Reproduced with permission Ref. [109]. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
XRD pattern of perovskite films treated by 160-W microwave irradiation for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 min and annealed at 100 °C for 10 min. Reproduced with permission Ref. [27]. Copyright ©2016 American Chemical Society
As-prepared perovskite material powder treated by microwave irradiation for a 0 min, b 1 min, c 2 min at 800 W and the PbI2-CH3NH3I adduct powders treated by microwave irradiation for d 0 min and e 2 min and the PbI2-CH3NH3I powders added with f diethyl ether, g DMF, and h DMSO treated by microwave irradiation for 2 min at 800 W. Reproduced with permission Ref. [27]. Copyright ©2016 American Chemical Society
Time dependency of average grain size. Reproduced with permission Ref. [27]. Copyright ©2016 American Chemical Society
XRD patterns of as-prepared material: a simulated MAPbI3, b as-ground MAPbI3, c PbI2, d MAI. Reproduced with permission Ref. [29]. Copyright © 2015 The Royal Society of Chemistry
UV–Vis absorption (green peak) and PL (blue) spectra of as-ground MAPbI3 measured at ambient temperature: fluorescence decay excitation measured at the 3.05 eV (inset view). Reproduced with permission Ref. [29]. Copyright © 2015 The Royal Society of Chemistry
XRD patterns of a CH3NH3I, b PbI2, c ball milling 10 min, d ball milling 45 min, e CH3NH3PbI3/Al2O3, and f CH3NH3PbI3 by solution crystallization process. Reproduced with permission Ref. [135]. Copyright © 2016 Springer Science Business Media New York
The consumption of lead can be significantly reduced by means of deposition and wasting throughout the experiment
Schematic view of the CH3NH3PbI3 with ethyl cellulose
Roll-to-roll fabrication of perovskite photovoltaic sheets
Normalized I–V parameter of nonencapsulation, partial encapsulation, and complete encapsulation perovskites. Reproduced with permission Ref. [195]. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
Top view of the uncoated Au perovskite cell a cell with PEI layer, b degradation of perovskite in the form of nanopinholes with PEI layer, and c degradation of cell randomly all over without PEI layer and corresponding SEM images. Reproduced with permission Ref. [196]. Copyright © 2015 The Royal Society of Chemistry
Thickness-dependent time-resolved PL data illustrate PL decay curve of CH3NH3PbI3 films dipped at different concentration of PbI2 upon excitation at 517 nm — the solid line corresponds to the results that are stretched exponentially. Reproduced with permission Ref. [203].
SEM images of CH3NH3PbI3 films of different PbI2 concentrations: a 0.3 M, b 0.5 M, c 0.8 M, and d 1.1 M. Reproduced with permission Ref. [203].
SEM images of FASnI3 perovskite ﬁlm fabricated using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent a without nonsolvent dripping and b with nonsolvent dripping; SEM images of FASnI3 perovskite ﬁlm fabricated using mixed solvent of DMF and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with nonsolvent dripping c absence of pyrazine and d presence of pyrazine. Reproduced with permission Ref. [32]. Copyright ©2016 American Chemical Society
XRD patterns of FASnI3 films a with and without pyrazine deposited on FTO glass, b with and without presence of SnF2 (10 mol%), c in the absence of SnF2 annealed at 60 and 170°C, and d PCE of the FASnI3 and the amount of SnF2 added in the absence of pyrazine. Reproduced with permission Ref. [32]. Copyright ©2016 American Chemical Society
a J–V curve and b external quantum efficiency (EQE) spectrum and integrated Jsc for the optimized FASnI3 PSC; c recombination time constant of FASnI3 PSCs as a function of the open-circuit voltage and d relationship between PCE of the FASnI3 PSC and the amount of added SnF2 in the presence of pyrazine. Reproduced with permission Ref. [32]. Copyright ©2016 American Chemical Society
Plot of the thickness-dependent short-circuit current density Jsc of different perovskites. Reproduced with permission Ref. [236]. Copyright ©2016 American Chemical Society
Cross sectional image of as-proposed low-cost model for water-soluble perovskite solar cells

Nitrogen-Doped TiO2-C Composite Nanofibers with High-Capacity and Long-Cycle Life as Anode Materials for Sodium-ion Batteries

Su Nie¹, Li Liu^{1, 2,} *, Junfang Liu¹, Jianjun Xie¹, Yue Zhang¹，Jing Xia¹，Hanxiao Yan¹, Yiting Yuan¹, Xianyou Wang¹	Abstract \| Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 71
First Online: 20 September 2018 (Article)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0225-1

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a XRD patterns and b Raman spectra of TiO2/N-C NFs and TiO2-C NFs. c N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms and d the corresponding pore size distributions of TiO2/N-C NFs and TiO2-C NFs
SEM images of a TiO2-C NFs and b TiO2/N-C NFs. TEM images of c TiO2-C NFs and d TiO2/N-C NFs. e TEM elemental mapping images of C, N, Ti, and O in TiO2/N-C NFs. f HRTEM image of TiO2/N-C NFs with lattice spacing (the inset shows statistical tables of the interplanar crystal spacing)
a Cycling performance of the TiO2/N-C NF and TiO2-C NF electrodes under a current density of 1 A g-1. b Continuous discharge and charge curves of TiO2/N-C NF electrode under a current density of 1A g-1. c Rate capability of TiO2/N-C NFs and TiO2/C NFs. d Charge–discharge curves of TiO2/N-C NFs at 0.05–5 A g-1 in the range of 0.01–2.5 V. e Long-term cycle performance of TiO2/N-C NFs under a high current density of 5 A g-1
Comparison of rate capability of TiO2/N-C NFs with that of previously reported TiO2-based composites with various morphologies
a XPS wide scan spectra of TiO2-C NFs and TiO2/N-C NFs. High-resolution b C 1s and c Ti 2p XPS spectra of TiO2-C NFs and TiO2/N-C NFs. d High-resolution N 1s spectra of TiO2/N-C NFs. e EDS spectrum of TiO2/N-C NFs
N 1s fine spectra of TiO2/N-C NFs with a 0.05 g, b 0.1 g, and c 0.2 g of added urea. d Histogram of ratio of different N species in various TiO2/N-C NF samples. e Schematic of structural binding conditions of nitrogen
CV curves of a the TiO2/N-C NF electrode and b the TiO2-C NF electrode at a scan rate of 0.1 mV s-1. c CV plots of TiO2/N-C NFs at various sweep rates from 0.1 to 10 mV s-1. d Relationship between the peak currents and scan rates in logarithmic scale. e Diagram of capacitive contribution to the total capacity of TiO2/N-C NFs at different scan rates. f CV curve of TiO2/N-C NFs (black curve) and capacitive contribution measured at 10 mV s-1 (red shaded region)
a Nyquist plots of TiO2/N-C NF and TiO2-C NF

Beyond Graphene Anode Materials for Emerging Metal Ion Batteries and Supercapacitors

Santanu Mukherjee^{1, #,}, Zhongkan Ren^1, ^#, Gurpreet Singh^1,	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 70
First Online: 12 September 2018 (Review)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0224-2

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Spider graph representation of critical parameters of the different electrochemical energy storage systems. Data for the figure has been obtained from Ref. [12].
Statistical analysis of the application of beyond graphene 2D materials: a, b, c Pie chart analysis showing the weight of the various applications of TMDs, MXene and phosphorene, respectively. Electrochemical energy storage occupies an important role in the application regimes of each of the 2-D materials, which is indicative of the current trend of their applications in batteries and supercapacitors
Schematic representation of structure and atomic arrangement of the layered “beyond-graphene” materials which are the focus of the present work: a, e, i Top view of the ball and stick atomic models of phosphorene, MXene and TMD (MoSe2), respectively. b, f, j Side view of the atomic models showing the layered structure of phosphorene, MXene and TMD (MoSe2), respectively. SEM images showing the characteristic layered structure of c, g, k SEM images showing the characteristic layered structure of phosphorene, MXene and TMD (MoSe2), respectively. d, h, i HRTEM image demonstrating the arrangement of the atoms in the lattice for phosphorene, MXene and TMD (MoSe2), respectively [24, 62-71]. Permission allowed by copyright owners
Schematic representation of various “top-down” fabrication techniques for large-scale synthesis of electrode materials: a Liquid exfoliation where the sheets are sheared off by sonicating the bulk material in a liquid medium. b Mechanical exfoliation, whereby a tensile force (possibly produced by Scotch tape) can peel off the constituent layers c Intercalant assisted exfoliation where a metal ion (usually Li+) is used to intercalate into the bulk precursor in a liquid media coupled with ultrasonication, which shears the sheets apart and d Selective etching, in which an etchant (usually strong acids e.g. HF) is used to remove one or more constituent atoms and result in the formation of sheets.
Structural characterization and electrochemical performance analysis of TMD (MoS2) as an electrode material in SIB: a, b HRTEM images of exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets obtained after treatment with a superacid. c Selected area diffraction pattern for the MoS2 nanosheet imaged in Fig. b. d, e SEM images of the top and cross-sectional view of the 60 MoS2 sample (60 wt% MoS2-40 wt% rGO), respectively. e TEM image of SAED pattern (in the inset) of the same 60 MoS2 sample. g Graphical representation of the total interaction potential (VT), repulsion (VDLVO) and attraction energy (VvdW) versus greater sheet separation. h Represents the Raman spectra of the MoS2 samples, in bulk (black) and after exfoliation (red) by acid treatment. i XRD spectra of the bulk (black) and exfoliated MoS2 (red) sample, indicating the peak shift and the broadening of the consequent increase in the interlayer distance of the exfoliated sample. j XRD pattern of pristine MoS2-rGO (60 MoS2) electrode (blue) and the same after one discharge cycle (black). Considerable peak broadening is observed due to sodiation. k First discharge graph of the 60 MoS2 electrode, also showing the formation of nanocrsytallites along the process from the TEM images and SAED patterns in the inset. l 1st (black) and 2nd cycle (red) gcd curves for the 60 MoS2 sample. m Differential capacity curves for the first two cycles demonstrating the redox voltages. n Charging capacity and Coulombic efficiency values for the different composite and bare rGO sample performed at a current density of 25 mA g-1. o Charge capacity, coulombic efficiency and rate capability of 60 MoS2 sample [83]. Copyright 2014 American Chemical Society. Scale bar for d and e is 10 μm and for f is 100 nm
Structural characterization and electrochemical performance analysis of TMD (MoSe2) as a supercapacitor electrode: a, b TEM images of MoSe2 nanosheets at low magnification. c HRTEM image of the MoSe2 sheets with the FFT pattern demonstrated in the inset. d XRD spectra of the few-layered MoSe2 nanosheets showing the characteristic peaks. e Characteristic Raman spectra of the few-layered MoSe2 nanosheets where the A1g and E12g vibration modes are clearly visible. f CV of the few-layered MoSe2 sample in 0.5 M H2SO4 with scan rates varying from 2 to 125 mV s-1. g Corresponding specific capacitance values at the given scan rates. h First cycle GCD curves at different current rates, of the few-layered MoSe2 sample. i Specific capacitance values for the corresponding current rates. j Specific capacitance retention of the few-layered MoSe2 sample, being run for 10,000 cycles at a current rate of 5 A g-1 in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte [129]. Copyright 2015 Royal Society of Chemistry
Structural characterization and electrochemical performance analysis of MXene as electrode material in KIB: a, b, c SEM images of Ti3AlC2 MAX phase, Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets (MNSs) obtained by etching the precursor MAX phase with 40% HF solution and KOH treated Ti3C2 MNSs (a-Ti3C2), respectively. d XRD spectra stack of Ti3AlC2, Ti3C2 and a-Ti3C2. e SEM image of Ti3C2 MXene nanoribbons (MNRs) at low magnification. f Corresponding image at high magnification g TEM image of MNRs h XPS spectra of Ti3AlC2, Ti3C2 and a-Ti3C2 showing the free C and K peaks. i, j and k HRTEM images of the Ti3C2 MNRs at different positions (‘A’ and ‘B’) and varying thicknesses (8, 16, and 22 nm). l XPS spectra of the 3 samples showing the O 1s peak. m, n, o, p, q Elemental mapping of Ti, C, K, O and F regions of the a-Ti3C2 sample, respectively. r CV of the a-Ti3C2 MNRs for KIB collected at a scan rate of 0.1 mV s-1. s GCD curves of the sample obtained at different given current rates. t Rate capability of the a-Ti3C2 sample. u Cycling performance at 200 mA g-1 and coulombic efficiency for the a-Ti3C2 sample [145]. Copyright 2018 Elsevier
Structural characterization and electrochemical performance analysis of MXene (N-doped Ti3C2Tx) as a supercapacitor electrode: SEM images of a Parent MAX phase Ti3AlC2. b Ti3C2Tx obtained after etching the MAX phase with HF. c N doped Ti3C2Tx synthesized at 200 °C (N-Ti3C2Tx-200 °C). d N-Ti3C2Tx-300 °C. e N-Ti3C2Tx-500 °C. f N-Ti3C2Tx-700 °C. g XRD spectra stack of the parent MAX phase (Ti3AlC2) and the non-doped and various N doped Ti3C2Tx MXenes. h, i, j, k XPS spectra of N-Ti3C2Tx-200 °C, N-Ti3C2Tx-300 °C, N-Ti3C2Tx-500 °C, N-Ti3C2Tx-700 °C samples, respectively. l CV curves of the non-doped and doped MXenes in 1 M H2SO4 at 1 mV s-1 scan rate. m Specific capacitance of the MXenes corresponding to the scan rates in i and n CV curves of the non-doped and doped MXenes in 1 M MgSO4 at 1 mV s-1 scan rate. o Specific capacitance of the MXenes corresponding to the scan rates in n [150]. Copyright 2018 Elsevier
Structural characterization and electrochemical performance analysis of phosphorene electrode material in SIB: a Schematic showing the movement of Na+ ion between phosphorene layers. b Energetics dictated transport of Na+ ions in the interstices of phosphorene lattice. c, f HRTEM images along the [001] direction of few-layer phosphorene and single-layer phosphorene, respectively, with FFTs shown in the inset of each. d, g Atomic scale High angle annular dark field image (HAADF) along the [001] direction of few-layer phosphorene and single-layer phosphorene, respectively, with atomic orientations in inset (in yellow). e, h HAADF of few-layer phosphorene along the [100] and [010] directions, respectively, with the corresponding atomic orientations in the inset (in yellow). i, j TEM image and schematic of the contact interface of Na+ ion normal to the [100] direction and along the [100] direction, respectively. The SAED patterns of the few-layered phosphorene are shown in the inset of both. k CV of the first three cycles of the phosphorene electrode for the half-cell at a scan rate of 0.005 mV s-1. l GCD profiles of the 1st, 2nd and 30th cycle for the phosphorene electrode in the half cell. m Capacity retention and coulombic efficiency of the phosphorene electrode running at a current density of 100 mA g-1. n Rate capability of the phosphorene anode [163]. Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society
Structural characterization and electrochemical performance analysis of phosphorene as a supercapacitor electrode: a TEM image of phosphorene thin film b HRTEM image of the phosphorene thin film. c HRTEM micrograph of the phosphorene thin film with atomic positions and lattice parameters. d AFM image of the phosphorene thin film. e SEM image of the cross-section of the phosphorene thin film with EDX spectra of the selected region. f XPS spectra of phosphorene thin film. g, h CV at varying scan rates of P/G anode and G anode, respectively. i XRD spectra stack of the phosphorene (orange), graphene (red) and P/G composite electrode (blue). j Aerial capacitances of P/G (blue) and G (red) samples. k Volumetric capacitances of P/G (blue) and G (red) samples. l Ragone plots of P/G (blue) and G (red) samples. m GCD curves of the P/G (blue) and G (red) samples at a current density of 0.3 A cm-3. n Complex part of the impedance spectra of P/G (blue) and the G (red) samples. o Stability performance of the P/G sample over 2000 cycles with the inset pictures showing the flat and bending orientations. p CV curves of the P/G composite micro-supercapacitor. q CV curves of the P/G composite on PET substrate [174]. Copyright 2017 American Chemical Society

Nanostructured Ternary Metal Tungstate-based Photocatalysts for Environmental Purification and Solar Water Splitting: A Review

Jun Ke², M. Adnan Younis¹, Yan Kong¹, Hongru Zhou², Jie Liu^3,, Lecheng Lei¹, Yang Hou^1,	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 69
First Online: 2 September 2018 (Review)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0222-4

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Schematic overview of the band positions of representative semiconductors
Illustration of unit cells of scheelite and wolframite. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [57]. Copyright 2014 Elsevier
Colors of different MWO4 materials. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [51]. Copyright 2014 American Chemical Society
Relationship between band-gap energy of MWO4 and the radii of metal cations
Models of band structures and calculated density of states for tetragonal (a, b) and monoclinic (c, d) CdWO4. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [83]. Copyright 2011 Elsevier
a Crystal structures, b density of states, and c UV-Vis absorption spectra of -SnWO4 and -SnWO4. d Photocatalytic activity of -SnWO4 and -SnWO4 in RhB degradation. e H2 evolution. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [88]. Copyright 2009 American Chemical Society
a Distribution of energy level and b chronoamperometry curves of CuWO4 and WO3. c Polarization curve of CuWO4 photoanode under AM1.5G irradiation. d Illustration of the physical model of charge carrier transfer in CuWO4. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [102]. Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society
a Formation mechanism of m-CdWO4 and t-CdWO4 and the b relationship between different crystal phases of CdWO4 and used solvents. c Photocatalytic H2 evolution of m-CdWO4 and t-CdWO4 under visible light irradiation. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [86]. Copyright 2012 Royal Society of Chemistry
a-c FESEM images of CdWO4 microspheres. d Photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of MO in the presence of different photocatalysts. e Photocatalytic mechanism for CdWO4 microspheres. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [107]. Copyright 2014 Royal Society of Chemistry
a, b FESEM images of FeWO4 microspheres. c Photocatalytic performance of FeWO4 microspheres for the degradation of RhB. d Schematic illustration of photocatalysis mechanism for FeWO4 microspheres. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [112]. Copyright 2016 Elsevier
a, b FESEM images of faceted β-SnWO4 microcrystals. c, d FESEM images and photocatalytic activities for the degradation of MB over faceted β-SnWO4 microcrystals, bulk β-SnWO4, and β-SnWO4 nanoparticles under sunlight irradiation. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [117]. Copyright 2012 Royal Society of Chemistry
a TEM image and b photodegradation efficiency of Ag NPs/α-SnWO4 under visible-light irradiation. c Transient photocurrent response for different samples. d Illustration of photocatalytic mechanism of Ag NPs/α-SnWO4. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [130]. Copyright 2017 Elsevier.
a Geometric structures for the Fi-ZnWO4. Spin density (top) and total charge density (bottom) for Fi-ZnWO4. c Photocurrent density of the synthesized samples under UV-light irradiation. Photocatalytic degradation of RhB over different samples under UV light irradiation. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [140]. Copyright 2010 American Chemical Society
a, b TEM and HRTEM images of a CdS/MnWO4 heterojunction. c Photocatalytic degradation of MB over CdS/MnWO4 with different CdS contents. d Schematic photocatalytic mechanism of CdS/MnWO4 heterojunction. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [155]. Copyright 2017 Elsevier
a Schematic diagram describing the formation of MnWO4 nanoplates. b-c FESEM images of the MnWO4 nanoplates and MnWO4 nanoplates on TiO2 film. d Photodegradation efficiency of different samples heated at 850 °C for different times. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [162]. Copyright 2016 Royal Society of Chemistry
a TEM image, b UV-vis diffused reflectance spectra, and c photocatalytic degradation curves of CdWO4/C3N4. d Mechanism of photocatalytic reaction on the CdWO4/C3N4. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [197]. Copyright 2015 Elsevier

Heterostructured Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Under Alkaline Conditions

Jumeng Wei^1,2, Min Zhou², Anchun Long², Yanming Xue³, Hanbin Liao^4,5, Chao Wei^4,5, Zhichuan J. Xu^4,5,6,7	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 75
First Online: 7 November 2018 (Review)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0229-x

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Schematic pathways for hydrogen evolution reaction under acidic and alkaline conditions
a STM image (60 nm × 60 nm) and CV trace of the Pt/Ni(OH)2 surface. b Comparison of HER activities of Ni(OH)2-modified Pt electrode and control samples in 0.1 M KOH. c Schematic representation of water dissociation, formation of M–Had intermediates, and subsequent recombination of two Had atoms to form H2 (magenta arrow), as well as OH− desorption from the Ni(OH)2 domains (red arrows) followed by adsorption of another water molecule on the same site (blue arrows). Reproduced with permission of the authors of Ref. [15]. Copyright 2011, American Association for the Advancement of Science. (Color figure online)
a Schematic of synthesis of Pt NWs/SL–Ni(OH)2. b, c TEM images of Pt NWs/SL–Ni(OH)2; scale bars in b and c are 100 and 5 nm, respectively. HER activity of Pt NWs/SL–Ni(OH)2, Pt NPs/SL–Ni(OH)2, pure Pt NWs, and commercial Pt/C (20 wt% Pt) in 1 M d and 0.1 M KOH e at room temperature. Reproduced with permission of the authors of Ref. [35]. Copyright 2015, Nature Publishing Group
TEM images and EDS elemental mapping of Pd/FeOx(OH)2−2x NPs a, b before cycling and c, d after 1000 electrochemical cycles. The scale bar is 5 nm. e Schematic diagram of the alkaline HER reaction process on the surface of core/shell Pd/FeOx(OH)2−2x nanoparticles after electrochemical cycling. f iR-corrected linear sweep voltammogram (LSV) curves. g Turnover frequencies (TOFs) of Pd/FeOx(OH)2−2x NPs and catalysts in the benchmark literature: Pd/C, Pd-CNx, Ni-MoS2, and CoP. h HER activity versus FeOx(OH)2−2x coverage [40]. Copyright 2017, Wiley–VCH
a ECSA-normalized polarization curves (symbols) of bare MoS2 and MoS2/NiCo-LDH composite catalysts in 1 M KOH solution with the best fits (lines) using the dual-pathway kinetic model. The fitted standard activation free energies are presented in units of meV. b Free energy diagram of the dominant Volmer–Heyrovsky pathway for HER in alkaline electrolyte for bare MoS2 (blue) and MoS2/NiCo-LDH composite (red) catalysts. c Schematic illustration of the HER at MoS2/LDH interface in alkaline environment. Synergistic chemisorption of H (on MoS2) and OH (on LDH) for enhancing the water dissociation step. Reproduced with permission of the authors of Ref. [44]. Copyright 2017, Cell Press. (Color figure online)
a Free energies of H2O adsorption, H adsorption, and H2 evolution on α- or β-Ni(OH)2/Pt electrode; for clarity, the adsorbed H atoms for the H2O molecules in the top site on the Pt surfaces are colored green. b Adsorption free energy diagram for the Volmer and Heyrovsky steps. c LDOS of the α- or β-Ni(OH)2/Pt electrode. Reproduced with permission of the authors of Ref. [53]. Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society. (Color figure online)
a High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) image of Ni3N@CQDs, b O K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra of Ni3N@CQDs, commercial NiO and the CQDs treated in NH3 at 370 °C, c linear scan voltammetry (LSV) polarization curves of Ni3N@CQDs in comparison with those of platinum (Pt) electrode, pristine Ni3N, CQDs, and glassy carbon (GC) electrode in a 1 M KOH aqueous solution. Comparison of HER Volmer reaction step and the resultant binding energies on carbon-coated Ni3N(110) d and pristine Ni3N(110) e surfaces. N, Ni, C, O, and H atoms are indicated by blue, gray, brown, red, and cyan, respectively. Reproduced with permission of the authors of Ref. [54]. Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society. (Color figure online)

Indocyanine Green-Conjugated Magnetic Prussian Blue Nanoparticles for Synchronous Photothermal/Photodynamic Tumor Therapy

Peng Xue^1,2, Ruihao Yang^1,2, Lihong Sun^1,2, Qian Li^1,2, Lei Zhang³, Zhigang Xu^1,2, Yuejun Kang^1,2	Abstract \| Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 74
First Online: 25 October 2018 (Article)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0227-z

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Schematic of the procedure for FPPI NP synthesis and the combination PDT/PTT cancer treatment. Magnetic FPPI NPs accumulate in the tumor region under a local magnetic field, which produces hyperthermia and toxic ROS activated by NIR light irradiation
Characterizations of physicochemical properties: a high-resolution TEM image of FPPI NPs obtained by electrostatically conjugating ICG onto the surface of magnetic PB NPs (scale bar: 50 nm); b hydrodynamic size distribution of FPPI NPs in aqueous suspension measured by the DLS method; c zeta potentials of the intermediate and final products; d photographs of Fe3O4 NPs, free ICG, Fe3O4@PB NPs, Fe3O4@PB/PEI NPs, and FPPI NPs (from left to right) dispersed in aqueous condition; e XRD patterns of Fe3O4 NPs, PB NPs, and FPPI NPs; f Vis–NIR absorbance spectra of Fe3O4 NPs, PB NPs, ICG, and FPPI NPs dispersed in aqueous solution; g Vis–NIR absorbance spectra of FPPI NP dispersions with different concentrations; h hydrodynamic size variation of FPPI NPs dispersed in 1 × PBS, DMEM, or 10% FBS over 7 days; i FT-IR spectra of Fe3O4 NPs, PB NPs, ICG, and FPPI NPs in the solid state
Magnetic and photothermal properties of FPPI NPs: a accumulation of FPPI NPs toward a permanent magnet placed against the side wall of a cuvette containing the FPPI NP dispersion (1 mg mL−1); b comparison of the magnetization response of Fe3O4 and FPPI NPs at 25 °C using a vibrating sample magnetometer; c temperature change in various solutions (200 µg mL−1) over 10 min of NIR laser irradiation recorded by a digital thermometer; d temperature elevation in FPPI NP aqueous dispersions with various concentrations over 10 min of NIR laser irradiation recorded by a digital thermometer; e change in temperature of FPPI NP dispersion under repeated laser irradiation over four consecutive heating–cooling cycles (10 min of irradiation for each cycle); f infrared thermal images of cuvettes containing the FPPI NP dispersion to show the temperature change over time under different NP concentrations (NIR laser wavelength: 808 nm; laser power: 2 W cm−2)
a Microscopic analysis of HeLa cells treated with free ICG or FPPI NPs (at the same equivalent ICG concentration) for 2 h and 4 h (scale bars: 100 µm; excitation wavelength: 633 nm). Untreated cells served as the blank control. b LIVE/DEAD assays after various treatment combinations, where laser irradiation spots are denoted by dashed circular areas (scale bars: 500 µm). Viable cells and dead cells were stained with green and red fluorescence, respectively. c HeLa cell viability after treatment with free ICG, FPP NPs, or FPPI NPs subjected to laser irradiation (“L”) or magnetic field (“M”) where applicable. d Impact of FPPI NPs on HUVEC viability after 24 h under various NP concentrations measured by MTT assays. e Change in UV–Vis absorbance spectra of FPPI NPs containing DPBF under NIR laser irradiation for 1 ~ 10 min
Detection of intracellular ROS using DCFH-DA probes (FITC channel) after HeLa cells were treated with free ICG and FPPI NPs (at an equivalent ICG concentration of 6 µg mL−1) for 4 h and subjected to NIR irradiation (“L”) for 10 min where applicable (scale bars: 50 µm)
Change in mitochondrial membrane potential of HeLa cells after treatment with ICG or FPPI NPs (at an equivalent ICG concentration of 6 µg mL−1) for 4 h and NIR laser irradiation (“L”) for 10 min where applicable. After standard JC-1 staining for 30 min, the apoptosis status was determined by fluorescence images captured via the Cy3 channel for JC-1 aggregates and FITC channel for JC-1 monomers (scale bars: 50 µm)
a Changes in mouse body shell temperature under NIR laser irradiation over 10 min measured by infrared imaging at 24 h post-injection; b local peak temperature elevation in the tumor region during laser irradiation corresponding to a; c change in tumor volume over time in each group after laser-activated treatment; d photographs of the excised tumors in different groups at day 14 post-injection; e variation of mouse body weight over time in each group after various treatments
Histological analyses of the excised tumors at day 14 post-injection by a H&E staining and b TUNEL assays (scale bars: 100 µm); c histological analysis of major organs by H&E staining at day 14 post-injection (scale bars: 200 µm). “L” and “M” denote laser irradiation and magnetic guidance, respectively

Biogreen Synthesis of Carbon Dots for Biotechnology and Nanomedicine Applications

Kok Ken Chan¹ , Stephanie Hui Kit Yap¹ , Ken-Tye Yong¹	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 72
First Online: 17 October 2018 (Review)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0223-3

Toc
Aqueous solution of passivated CDs. a Excited at 400 nm and imaged through bandpass filters as indicated, and b excited at the indicated wavelength [15].
Example of a laser ablation technique experimental setup [18].
Schematic illustration of CQD generation via electrochemical oxidation of a graphite electrode in alkaline alcohols. The color change of the dispersion during room temperature storage is due to oxygenation of the surface species [21].
a TEM images, b size distribution, and c, d AFM image and profile of CDs [78]. Copyright 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
PL emission of CDs excited from 330 to 600 nm in 30 nm increments [73].
PL spectra of CDs prepared from p-phenylenediamine dispersed in different solvents. CDs dispersed in a tetrachloromethane, b toluene, c chloroform, d acetone, e dimethyl formamide, f ethanol, and g water, and h absorption spectra of the CDs in different solvents [76].
PL emission peak blue-shifting as the concentration was reduced from 3.0 to 0.03 g L-1 [77].
Photographs of a CdTe film and a CD epoxy resin film under UV illumination taken at different time intervals [88].
aPhotographs of CQDs with increasing particle dimensions under (left) white and (right) UV light, b PL spectrum of CQDs with emission from blue to red, c relationship between the CQD particle size and PL properties, and d relationship between the HOMO–LUMO bandgap and the size of the graphite fragments [90].
a CD samples with increasing surface oxidation (from left to right) imaged under 365 nm UV light irradiation, and b model for the tunable PL of CDs with the increasing level of oxidation (from left to right) [93].
a Absorption spectra of CD2, CD3, and CD4; and PL spectra of b CD2, c CD3, and d CD4. The inset image corresponds to CDs under 365 nm UV light illumination [94].
Schematic representation of the emission properties of three photoactive species obtained from heat treatment of a citric acid and ethanolamine mixture. During heating, the organic fluorophores (blue groups) are consumed to build up the carbogenic core (black sphere) so that the PL component that corresponds to the carbogenic core (black bars) increases at the expense of the component from the organic fluorophores [95].

Huanqin Zhao¹, Yan Cheng¹, Wei Liu¹, Lieji Yang¹, Baoshan Zhang^2,, Paul Luyuan Wang^{3, 4}, Guangbin Ji^1,, Zhichuan J. Xu ^{3, 4,}*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 24
First Online: 15 March 2019 (Review)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0255-3

Guodong Sun², Shenghui Zeng¹, Xu Liu¹, Haishan Shi¹, Renwen Zhang³, Baocheng Wang⁴, Changren Zhou¹, Tao Yu^1,*	Abstract \| Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 23
First Online: 11 March 2019 (Article)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0252-6

Yusha Liao¹, Changmiao Chen¹, Dangui Yin¹, Yong Cai¹, Rensheng He^1,, Ming Zhang^1,	Abstract \| Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 22
First Online: 11 March 2019 (Article)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0248-2

Kaili Zhang¹, Xinhui Xia^1,, Shengjue Deng¹, Yu Zhong¹, Dong Xie², Guoxiang Pan³, Jianbo Wu⁴, Qi Liu⁵, Xiuli Wang¹, Jiangping Tu^1,	Abstract \| Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 21
First Online: 09 March 2019 (Article)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0253-5

Lin Zhou^{1, #}, Kun Wang^{1, #} , Hao Sun¹, Simin Zhao², Xianfeng Chen³, Dahong Qian², Hongju Mao^1,, Jianlong Zhao^1,	Abstract \| Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 20
First Online: 09 March 2019 (Article)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0250-8

Kun Zhao^{1, 2, 6}, Yuanhao Wang^3,, Lu Han⁴, Yongfei Wang⁴, Xudong Luo⁴, Zhiqiang Zhang^5,, Ya Yang^{1, 6,}*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 19
First Online: 09 March 2019 (Review)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0251-7

Pan Deng¹, Jing Yang¹, Shengyang Li¹, Tian-E Fan^2,, Hong-Hui Wu³, Yun Mou⁴, Hui Huang¹, Qiaobao Zhang^1,, Dong-Liang Peng¹, Baihua Qu^1,*	Abstract \| Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 18
First Online: 01 March 2019 (Article)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0246-4

Luke Hencz¹, Hao Chen¹, Han Yeu Ling¹, Yazhou Wang¹, Chao Lai¹ , Huijun Zhao¹, Shanqing Zhang^1,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 17
First Online: 27 February 2019 (Review)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0249-1

Liang Chu^{1, 2}, Waqar Ahmad³, Wei Liu², Jian Yang², Rui Zhang², Yan Sun¹, Jianping Yang^1,, Xing’ao Li^{1, 2,}	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 16
First Online: 27 February 2019 (Review)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0244-6

Yingying Cao^{1, #}, Kaiming Geng^{1, #}, Hongbo Geng^2,, Huixiang Ang³, Jie Pei¹, Yayuan Liu¹, Xueqin Cao¹, Junwei Zheng⁴, Hongwei Gu^1,	Abstract \| Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 15
First Online: 25 February 2019 (Article)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0247-3

Shuaihui Li^{1, 2,}†, Zhipeng Zhao^{1, 2,}†, Chuanqi Li^{1, 2}, Zhongyi Liu^{1, 2,} * , Dan Li^{1, 2,} *	Abstract \| Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 14
First Online: 21 February 2019 (Article)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0243-7

Yanping Liu^{1, #, }, Siyu Zhang^{1, #}, Jun He¹, Zhiming M. Wang^2,, Zongwen Liu^3,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 13
First Online: 18 February 2019 (Review)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0245-5

Shengjue Deng^{1, ‡}, Kaili Zhang^{1, ‡}, Dong Xie², Yan Zhang¹, Yongqi Zhang³, Yadong Wang⁴, Jianbo Wu⁵, Xiuli Wang¹, Hong Jin Fan³, Xinhui Xia^1,, Jiangping Tu^1,	Abstract \| Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 12
First Online: 05 February 2019 (Article)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0242-8

Yaozhong Zhang^1,, Xiaolu Huang², Junghoon Yeom^2,	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 11
First Online: 24 January 2019 (Article)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0241-9

Wanbao Wu¹, Zhaohui Ruan², Junzhuo Li¹, Yudong Li¹, Yanqiu Jiang^1,, Xianzhu Xu¹, Defeng Li¹, Yuan Yuan^2,, Kaifeng Lin^1,*	Abstract \| Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 10
First Online: 23 January 2019 (Article)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0236-y

Sixiang Shi^{1, #}, Feng Chen^{2, #}, Shreya Goel¹, Stephen A. Graves³, Haiming Luo², Charles P. Theuer⁴, Jonathan W. Engle³, Weibo Cai^{1, 2, 3, 5,}*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 65
First Online: 14 June 2018 (Article)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0216-2

Tianle Gong¹, Ruoyu Qi¹, Xundao Liu², Hong Li^1,*, Yongming Zhang¹	Abstract \| Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 9
First Online: 22 January 2019 (Article)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0240-x

Qijian Niu^1,2, Binling Chen^3,, Junxia Guo^1,2, Jun Nie^1,2, Xindong Guo^1,2, Guiping Ma^1,2,	Abstract \| Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 8
First Online: 19 January 2019 (Article)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0238-4

Wenqiang Yan¹, Kan Wang^1,, Hao Xu², Xuyang Huo^3,, Qinghui Jin^4,5, Daxiang Cui^1,*	Abstract \| Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 7
First Online: 17 January 2019 (Article)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0239-3

S. Syama¹, P. V. Mohanan^1,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 6
First Online: 12 January 2019 (Review)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0237-5

Lu Wang¹, Junwei Han¹, Debin Kong^2,, Ying Tao¹, Quan-Hong Yang^1,	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 5
First Online: 10 January 2019 (Review)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0233-1

Qi Shao¹, Jiaqi Liu¹, Qiong Wu¹, Qiang Li¹, Heng‑guo Wang^1,, Yanhui Li¹, Qian Duan^1,	Abstract \| Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 4
First Online: 09 January 2019 (Article)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0231-3

Min Su Jo¹, Subrata Ghosh², Sang Mun Jeong², Yun Chan Kang^3,, Jung Sang Cho^1,	Abstract \| Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 3
First Online: 09 January 2019 (Article)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0234-0

Jingyan Zhang¹, Xiaowan Bai², Tongtong Wang¹, Wen Xiao³, Pinxian Xi⁴, Jinlan Wang², Daqiang Gao^1,, John Wang^3,	Abstract \| Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 2
First Online: 09 January 2019 (Article)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0232-2

Wenwen Zhan¹, Liming Sun¹, Xiguang Han^1,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 1
First Online: 08 January 2019 (Review)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0235-z

Xinyan Dai^{1, †}, Kowsalya D. Rasamani^{1, †}, Feng Hu¹, Yugang Sun^1,*	Abstract \| Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 55
First Online: 06 May 2018 (Article)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0208-2

Yaotang Zhong¹, Bin Li¹, Shumin Li¹, Shuyuan Xu¹, Zhenghui Pan¹, Qiming Huang^{1, 2}, Lidan Xing^{1, 2}, Chunsheng Wang^3,, Weishan Li^{1, 2,}	Abstract \| Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 56
First Online: 10 May 2018 (Article)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0209-1

Yantao Chen², Xiaohan Wu², Yingli Chu², Jiachen Zhou², Bilei Zhou², Jia Huang^{1, 2,}*	Abstract \| Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 57
First Online: 28 May 2018 (Article)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0210-8

Muhammad Shoaib¹, Xiaoxia Wang¹, Xuehong Zhang¹, Qinglin Zhang¹, Anlian Pan^1,*	Abstract \| Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 58
First Online: 03 June 2018 (Article)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0211-7

Xingxing Gu^1,, Lingbao Xin², Yang Li³, Fan Dong¹, Min Fu¹, Yanglong Hou^4,	Abstract \| Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 59
First Online: 13 June 2018 (Article)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0213-5

Jingwei Xiao¹, Yu Zhang^1,*, Huanjun Chen¹, Ningsheng Xu¹, Shaozhi Deng¹	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 60
First Online: 13 June 2018 (Article)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0212-6

Purnima Naresh Manghnani¹, Wenbo Wu¹, Shidang Xu¹, Fang Hu¹, Cathleen Teh², Bin Liu^1,*	Abstract \| Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 61
First Online: 26 January 2018 (Communication)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0214-4

Shizheng Zheng¹, Lijun Zheng¹, Zhengyou Zhu¹, Jian Chen¹, Jianli Kang², Zhulin Huang³, Dachi Yang^1,*	Abstract \| Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 62
First Online: 18 June 2018 (Article)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0215-3

Yage Wu¹, Yunlong Yang¹, Xiaoning Zhao¹, Yongtao Tan¹, Ying Liu¹, Zhen Wang¹, Fen Ran^{1, 2,}*	Abstract \| Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 63
First Online: 28 June 2018 (Article)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0217-1

Xian Fang¹^{, 2, †}, Boyang Zong^{1, 2, †}, Shun Mao^{1, 2,}*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 64
First Online: 24 June 2018 (Review)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0218-0

Huicong Xia¹, Qun Xu¹, Jianan Zhang^1,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 66
First Online: 28 July 2018 (Review)
DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0219-z