Volume 10, Issue 4 (2018)

• Mesoporous SiO2 Nanoparticles: A Unique Platform Enabling Sensitive Detection of Rare Earth Ions with Smartphone Camera

  Xinyan Dai1, †, Kowsalya D. Rasamani1, †, Feng Hu1, Yugang Sun1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 55
  First Online: 06 May 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0208-2

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    Schematic illustration of the major steps of the protocol for sensitive detection of Eu3+ ions from diluted solutions relying on the synergy of “concentration effect” and “antenna effect”
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    a TEM image and b size distribution histogram of the synthesized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs)
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    EDX elemental mapping images of a overlaid Si, O and Eu elements, b Si, c O, and d Eu for SiO2/Eu(III)/phen nanoparticles. The scale bars represent 250 nm. The red circles in (b-d) highlight the same nanoparticle.
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    a A digital photo of various solution samples under an UV lamp with a wavelength of 302 nm. Each sample represents 400 uL ethanolic solution (or dispersion) of the corresponding nanoparticles confined in PDMS pockets. The samples in the top row are 1 mM EuCl3 solution and SiO2/Eu (III) nanoparticle dispersion with Eu3+ ions adsorbed from 1 mM EuCl3 solution. The bottom row shows the SiO2/Eu(III)/phen nanoparticle dispersions Eu3+ ions adsorbed from EuCl3 solutions with concentrations from 100 nM to 1 mM (from left to right). b Quantized red emission intensities of various samples shown in a

• Bi Nanoparticles Anchored in N-Doped Porous Carbon as Anode of High Energy Density Lithium Ion Battery

  Yaotang Zhong1, Bin Li1, Shumin Li1, Shuyuan Xu1, Zhenghui Pan1, Qiming Huang1, 2, Lidan Xing1, 2, Chunsheng Wang3,*, Weishan Li1, 2,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 56
  First Online: 10 May 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0209-1

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    Lithium storage performances of various metals in comparison to graphite
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    Schematic illustration of the formation process of Bi@NC
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    a XRD pattern, b FTIR spectrum, and c, d SEM images of ZIF-8 precursors
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    a XRD pattern, b SEM, c TEM, and d HRTEM and SAED images of Zn@NC
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    a XRD pattern, b SEM, c TEM, HRTEM, and d SAED images of Bi@NC
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    a Cyclic voltammograms and b charge-discharge curves of Bi@NC; comparisons of c cyclic stability, d coulombic efficiency, and e rate capabilities of Bi@NC, Bi@C, and bare Bi
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    CV characteristics of a Bi@NC, b Bi@C and c bare Biat scanning rates ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 mV s-1. d Linear relations of anodic peak currents (ip) vs. the square roots of scanning rate (υ)
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    XRD patterns revealing a structural and chemical evolution and b corresponding mechanism of the Bi@NC electrode

• Hybrid Field-Effect Transistors and Photodetectors Based on Organic Semiconductor and CsPbI3 Perovskite Nanorods Bilayer Structure

  Yantao Chen2, Xiaohan Wu2, Yingli Chu2, Jiachen Zhou2, Bilei Zhou2, Jia Huang1, 2, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 57
  First Online: 28 May 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0210-8

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    a TEM image, b HRTEM image, and c XRD patterns of CsPbI3 nanorods. d AFM image of the CsPbI3 nanorod film. The inset image presents a height profile of the film surface. e UV–Vis absorption spectra of CsPbI3 nanorods, C8BTBT, and C8BTBT/CsPbI3 nanorod films. f Energy level diagrams of C8BTBT and CsPbI3 nanorods
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    a Schematic diagram of the C8BTBT/CsPbI3 nanorod based phototransistor. ID–VD transistor characteristics of the hybrid phototransistor under a fixed illumination power intensity: b in the dark state and c under a white-light illumination of 10 mW cm-2. d Transfer characteristics (VD = -30 V) under different illumination power densities. e Photocurrent as a function of the illumination power density for different gate voltages
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    a Shift of the threshold voltage of the hybrid phototransistor as a function of the illumination power density. b Schematic of the photo generated carrier transport in the hybrid phototransistor under illumination
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    a Responsivity of the hybrid phototransistor as a function of the gate voltage for different illumination power densities. b Illumination power density dependence of the responsivity at VG = -60 V, VD = -30 V. c Iphoto/Idark ratio as a function of the gate voltage for different illumination power densities. d Illumination-power-density dependence of the Iphoto/Idark ratio at VG = -60 V, VD = -30 V. e Photo-switching characteristics of the hybrid phototransistor under an alternating dark and light illumination (0.5 mW cm-2) at VG = -30 V, VD = -30 V. f Transfer curves of the fresh hybrid phototransistor and device stored at an atmospheric environment (average temperature of 0 °C and average relative humidity of 50%) for one month

• Controllable Vapor Growth of Large-Area Aligned CdSxSe1-x Nanowires for Visible Range Integratable Photodetectors

  Muhammad Shoaib1, Xiaoxia Wang1, Xuehong Zhang1, Qinglin Zhang1, Anlian Pan1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 58
  First Online: 03 June 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0211-7

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    Growth schematic for the in-plane directional CdSxSe1−x NWs. a M-plane sapphire substrate surface before annealing. b M-plane substrate surface with V-shape grooves after high temperature annealing. c-d VLS growth of NWS along the pre-defined Au catalyst patterns
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    Morphology characterization of the directional CdSxSe1-x NWs. a SEM images of the as-grown CdSxSe1-x NWs along the pre-defined photolithography line-patterned Au catalyst. b High-magnification SEM images of the as-grown samples, showing strong horizontal alignment of the NWs along the substrate. c SEM images of the CdSxSe1-x NWs grown along the pre-defined catalytic nanoparticles by EBL. d AFM images of the directional CdSxSe1-x NWs, inset shows the size profile of the NW of the dashed line marked position in d.
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    Optical properties of the in-plane directional CdSxSe1-x NWs. a Tunable PL spectra of the as-grown CdSxSe1-x NWs with the emission wavelength shifts from 510 nm (pure CdS) to 710 nm (pure CdSe). b Composition-dependent bandgap energy and the corresponding emission wavelength of the as-grown CdSxSe1-x NWs. c The schematic diagram of the CdSxSe1-x NW waveguide and the corresponding real-color images of single CdS, CdS0.8Se0.2, CdS0.24Se0.76, and CdSe NWs, respectively
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    I-V curves of the in-plane directional CdSxSe1-x NWs. a Schematic diagram of the typical PD. b-e Representative I-V characteristics of the as-grown CdSxSe1-x (x = 1, 0.8. 0.24, 0) directional NW PDs under dark and light illumination with different power intensities (laser wavelength: 405 nm) at room temperature; Insets show the corresponding SEM images of the as-fabricated PDs. f Light intensity dependent photocurrent values for the CdSxSe1-x NW PDs
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    Photodetection properties of the directional CdSxSe1-x NWs. a The responsivity of the CdSxSe1-x nanowire PDs. b Plot of quantum efficiency of the CdSxSe1-x PDs. c Time-resolved response of the device under light intensity 49.03 mW cm-2 at a voltage of 1 V. d On/off photocurrent response and corresponding enlarged portions of the rise in response and reset process of CdS0.8Se0.2 nanowires under excitation of 405 nm with a power intensity of 9.69 mW cm-2

• Highly Reversible Li–Se Batteries with Ultra-Lightweight N,S-Codoped Graphene Blocking Layer

  Xingxing Gu1,*, Lingbao Xin2, Yang Li3, Fan Dong1, Min Fu1, Yanglong Hou4,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 59
  First Online: 13 June 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0213-5

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    N,S-G membrane as an interlayer for trapping polyselenides
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    a XRD patterns of GO and N,S-G; b Raman spectra of GO and N,S-G
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    a XPS spectrum of N,S-G and high-resolution b C 1s, c N 1s, and d S 2p spectra
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    TEM images of a GO, b N,S-G; SEM images of N,S-G membrane in c top view and d side view and e the free-standing N,S-G membrane
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    CV curves of the first three cycles for Li–Se batteries a with and b without N,S-G interlayer at a scan rate of 0.1 mV s−1; galvanostatic charge/discharge voltage profiles of Li–Se batteries c with and d without N,S-G interlayer at 1 C between 1.5 and 3.0 V
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    a Rate performance of Li–Se cells with and without N,S-G interlayer; b long-term cycling performance of Li–Se cells with and without N,S-G interlayer
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    a Digital photographs of polyselenide adsorption by N,S-G interlayers; high-resolution b Se 3d and c S 2p XPS spectra of N,S-G interlayer after 500 discharge cycles
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    Z as a function of ω−1/2 in the low-frequency region

• Enhanced Performance of a Monolayer MoS2/WSe2 Het-erojunction as a Photoelectrochemical Cathode

  Jingwei Xiao1, Yu Zhang1, *, Huanjun Chen1, Ningsheng Xu1, Shaozhi Deng1	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 60
  First Online: 13 June 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0212-6

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    Schematic of a the MoS2/WSe2 heterojunction and b PEC device and measurement
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    a Optical image of monolayer MoS2/WSe2 heterojunction (dashed in white triangle). The white dots marked in the optical image are the spots where the spectra are accumulated (scale bar is 30 m). b AFM scanning showing thickness of surface of MoS2/WSe2 heterojunction and line scan profile (scale bar is 4 m). c, d Raman intensity map of the WSe2 E2g1 mode (green) and MoS2 E2g1 mode (red) in heterostructure, corresponding to black dashed square area in Fig. 2a (scale bar is 5 m). e, f Raman and PL spectra of monolayer MoS2 (black line), WSe2 (green line) and MoS2/WSe2 heterojunction (red line)
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    a PEC current density vs. voltage (J-V) curves of MoS2/WSe2 heterojunction (red), monolayer WSe2 (green), and monolayer MoS2 (black) under the same white light illumination condi-tions. b Current response curves for the three samples under 1 V external bias with illumina-tion an interval of 10 s. c PEC currents of monolayer MoS2/WSe2 heterojunction (red dots) and WSe2 (green dots) at different wavelengths. d IPCE of MoS2/WSe2 heterojunction (red dots line) and WSe2 (green dots line)
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    Absorption spectra of MoS2/WSe2 heterojunction (red curve), monolayer WSe2 (green curve) and monolayer MoS2 (black curve)
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    a Energy band position of monolayer MoS2 and WSe2 compared with redox potentials for water splitting. b MoS2/WSe2 heterojunction formed a type II band alignment. When illumi-nated, photo-generated electrons are transferred from valence band to conduction band and the built-in electric field helps to separate excitons

• Visualizing Photodynamic Therapy in Transgenic Zebrafish Using Organic Nanoparticles with Aggregation-Induced Emission

  Purnima Naresh Manghnani1, Wenbo Wu1, Shidang Xu1, Fang Hu1, Cathleen Teh2, Bin Liu1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 61
  First Online: 26 January 2018 (Communication)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0214-4

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    Nanoprecipitation of AIE photosensitizer PPDCT with DSPE-mPEG2000
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    a UV-Visible absorption (solid line) and photoluminescence (PL, dashed line) spectra of PPDCT-DSPE-mPEG NPs.b Number size distribution of PPDCT-DSPE-mPEG NPs. c TEM image of PPDCT-DSPE-mPEG NPs. d Absorbance decay of 64 µM ABDA in the presence of PPDCT NPs over 10 min of 0.15 W cm-2 white light
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    a Confocal image of HepG2 cells incubated with PPDCT NPs. b Cellular internalization of PPDCT NPs confirmed using flow cytometry. c MTT viability assay of HepG2 cells treated with PPDCT NPs and 0.15 W cm-2 white light (WL 0, 45, and 90 J cm-2). d Whole zebrafish embryo soaking viability for treatment with different PPDCT NP concentrations
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    a Confocal image of fli:EGFP zebrafish larva injected intravenously with 0.8 mg mL-1 PPDCT NPs. b Uptake and breakdown of NPs over time span of 96 h in the liver and caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT) of fli:EGFP zebrafish liver. c Confocal image of EGFP:krasV12 zebrafish larva injected intravenously with 0.8 mg mL-1 PPDCT NPs. d Uptake and breakdown of NPs over time span of 96 h in the liver and CHT of EGFP:krasV12zebrafish liver. Confocal λex = 488 nm, Green fluorescent protein λem = 509 nm, PPDCT λem = 660 nm
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    Change in liver tumor volume for control group: a without injection or illumination (-/-), and b with injection and without illumination (-/+)c without injection and with illumination (+/-). Change in liver tumor volume for group injected with NPs on 7 dpf and treated: d with 135 J cm-2 of illumination 9 dpf, and e with 270 J cm-2 of illumination of 9 dpf. f Graph depicting the percentage of tumor volume change on 10 dpf relative to the volume on 9 dpf before light treatment for all 5 groups, n = 14; Confocal λex = 488 nm, Green fluorescent protein λem = 509 nm, PPDCT λem = 660 nm
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    Changes in normalized tumor volume of larvae subjected to different days of light illumination; 0 dpi depicts 7 dpf larvae immediately after intravenous injection. 0 Day Therapy (0 DT) refers to WL illumination on 0 dpi. n= 7

• MoS2 Nanosheets Arrays Rooted on Hollow rGO Spheres as Bifunctional Hydrogen Evolution Catalyst and Supercapacitor Electrode

  Shizheng Zheng1, Lijun Zheng1, Zhengyou Zhu1, Jian Chen1, Jianli Kang2, Zhulin Huang3, Dachi Yang1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 62
  First Online: 18 June 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0215-3

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    Schematic illustration of the synthetic process of h-rGO@MoS2
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    The SEM and TEM images of a the SiO2 sphere templates, b SiO2@GO, and c SiO2@GO@MoS2. d SEM images of the h-rGO@MoS2 spheres. e EDS elemental mapping results of the h-rGO@MoS2 spheres. C arises from rGO, Mo and S arises from MoS2. f TEM image of h-rGO@MoS2, and g the HRTEM image of the white area in (f) showing several sheets of MoS2
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    a XRD spectra of h-rGO, pristine MoS2, and h-rGO@MoS2. b N2 adsorption–desorption curves of h-rGO, pristine MoS2, and h-rGO@MoS2. The corresponding specific surface areas are given in the top left corner. c Raman spectra of pristine MoS2 and h-rGO@MoS2 measured with 532 nm excitation. d Survey spectra of pristine MoS2 and h-rGO@MoS2. e, f The high-resolution Mo 3d and S 2p XPS spectra of pristine MoS2 and h-rGO@MoS2
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    a Polarization curves of bare GC, h-rGO, pristine MoS2, h-rGO@MoS2, and commercial 20% Pt/C in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte at 5 mV s−1, and b the corresponding Tafel plots of electrocatalysts in (a). c EIS plots of pristine MoS2 and h-rGO@MoS2 from 10-2 to 105 Hz. d The electrochemical double-layer capacitances of h-rGO@MoS2 ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 V at various scan rates (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mV s-1) in 0.5 M H2SO4. e The capacitive current at 0.20 V as a function of scan rate for pristine MoS2 and h-rGO@MoS2 in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte. f Polarization curves of the h-rGO@MoS2 electrocatalysts initially and after 1000 and 2000 cycles in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte
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    a CV curves of h-rGO@MoS2 electrode at various sweep rates (5, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 200 mV s-1) in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. b Galvanostatic curves of h-rGO@MoS2 at various current densities (0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 A g-1). c Capacitance retention property of h-rGO@MoS2 and MoS2 at sweep rates from 5 to 200 mV s-1. d Cycle stability and capacitance retention of the h-rGO@MoS2 electrode tested at a scan rate of 100 mV s-1; the inset shows the CV curves for the 1st, 500th, 1000th, 2000th, and 3000th cycles

• A Novel Hierarchical Porous 3D Structured Vanadium Nitride/Carbon Membranes for High-performance Supercapacitor Negative Electrodes

  Yage Wu1, Yunlong Yang1, Xiaoning Zhao1, Yongtao Tan1, Ying Liu1, Zhen Wang1, Fen Ran1, 2, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 63
  First Online: 28 June 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0217-1

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    Schematic representation of the fabrication strategy for the VN/C (I)
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    SEM images of the VN/C (I): a-c cross-sectional views and d surface view. e, f TEM images of the VN/C (I). g, h N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and pore size distribution of the VN/C (I)
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    a HRTEM image, b XRD pattern, c selected-area electron diffraction, and d TEM elemental mapping images of the VN/C (I)
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    X-ray photoelectron spectra of the VN/C (I)
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    a CV, b GCD, c EIS curves, and d the specific capacitances of the VN/C (I) and VN/C (II) at different current densities (scan rate=10 mV s-1 in 6.0 M KOH aqueous solution)
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    a CV, b GCD, c EIS curves, and d cycling performance at 2.0 A g-1 of the VN/C (I)
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    The electrochemical performance of the prepared hybrid device in 6.0 M KOH: a CV, b GCD, c EIS curves, and d specific capacitances of the device at different current densities. e Ragone plots compared with previously reported VN/C-based supercapacitors. f Cycling performance of VN/C (I) at 1.0 A g-1

• Metal-Organic Framework-Based Sensors for Environmental Contaminant Sensing

  Xian Fang1, 2, †, Boyang Zong1, 2, †, Shun Mao1, 2, *	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 64
  First Online: 24 June 2018 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0218-0

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    a Working principle of NH2-MIL-53-based sensor for ClO- sensing. b Fluorescence emission spectra of NH2-MIL-53(Al)-based sensor toward various concentrations of ClO-: 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 0.8, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, and 20 μM from top to bottom. Inset shows corresponding photos of NH2-MIL-53(Al) nanoplates in absence (left) and presence of 10 μM (middle) and 20 μM (right) ClO- under 365 nm UV light. Reprinted with permission from [57]. Copyright (2016) American Chemical Society
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    Sensing mechanism of Hg2+-responsive disassembly of Ru-MOFs and release of guest material of Ru(bpy)32+. Reprinted with permission from [60]. Copyright (2015) American Chemical Society
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    a Post-synthetic modification of UiO-bpy with Eu3+. b Emission profiles and c bar diagram depicting relative intensity ratios (IL/IEu), after addition of VOCs. d Two-dimensional map displaying relative emission intensities and quantum yields of various VOC encapsulated phases. Reprinted with permission from [63]. Copyright (2016) Royal Society of Chemistry
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    a Schematic of sensing strategy. b Amperometric i-t curves of different nanomaterials: (1) Fe-MOFs, (2) Fe-MOFs/AuNPs, (3) Fe-MOFs/PtNPs, (4) Fe-MOFs/PdNPs, and (5) Fe-MOFs/PdPt NPs. c CV characterization of electrodes at various stages of modification: (1) bare GCE, (2) rGO-TEPA-Au/GCE, (3) streptavidin/rGO-TEPA-Au/GCE, (4) substrate strand/streptavidin/rGO-TEPA-Au/GCE, (5) BSA/substrate strand/streptavidin/rGO-TEPA-Au/GCE, (6) catalytic strand/BSA/substrate strand/streptavidin/rGO-TEPA-Au/GCE, and (7) Pb2+/catalytic strand/BSA/substrate strand/streptavidin/rGO-TEPA-Au/GCE. Reprinted with permission from [76]. Copyright (2018) Elsevier
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    Schematic and detection strategy of electrochemical sensor based on MOF Cu3(BTC)2 and CS/rGO for DBIs detection. Reprinted with permission from [80]. Copyright (2016) American Chemical Society
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    a Schematic of MOF-based SERS platform and b SERS spectra of Rhodamine 6G on Au NP/MIL-101 substrate (blue lines), Au colloids substrate (red line), and MIL-101 (black line). Reprinted with permission from [89]. Copyright (2014) American Chemical Society
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    a Schematic illustration of FET sensor with source and drain electrodes, channel material, gate oxide, and gate electrode. b Sensor current change after gas adsorption and desorption. Reprinted with permission from [97]. Copyright (2017) Royal Society of Chemistry
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    a Schematic of acetone sensing mechanism with Pd-ZnO/ZnCo2O4 hollow spheres. b Temperature-dependent acetone sensing characteristics to 5 ppm in temperature range of 150–300 ºC. c Dynamic acetone sensing responses in concentration range of 0.4–5 ppm at 250 ºC of ZnCo2O4 powders, ZnCo2O4 hollow spheres, ZnO/ZnCo2O4 hollow spheres, and Pd-ZnO/ZnCo2O4 hollow spheres. d Selective acetone detection characteristics of Pd-ZnO/ZnCo2O4 hollow spheres. e Dynamic resistance transition properties of samples toward 5 ppm acetone at 250 ºC. Reprinted with permission from [103]. Copyright (2017) Macmillan Publishers Limited
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    a Schematic illustration of anisotropic synthesis of Au@ZnO@ZIF-8. b Dynamic response of Au@ZnO@ZIF-8 to HCHO with concentrations from 0.25 to 100 ppm. c Plots of sensor responses to HCHO concentration of three samples: (I) pristine Au@ZnO, (II) synthetic Au@ZnO@ZIF-8, and (III) completed Au@ZnO@ZIF-8. Inset shows TEM images of samples. Reprinted with permission from [104]. Copyright (2017) Springer
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    a Preparation of ZnO@ZIF-8 core-shell nanorod films. b Temperature-dependent response curves of ZnO nanorod and ZnO@ZIF-8 sensors to 50 ppm H2. c, d Dynamic response curves of two sensors to different H2 concentrations at 250 ℃. e Concentration-dependent H2 response curves of two sensors at 250 ℃. Reprinted with permission from [110]. Copyright (2017) John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Volume 10, Issue 3 (2018)

• Towards Enhancing Wearability and Fashion of Wearable Supercapacitor with Modified Polyurethane Artificial Leather Electrolyte

  Yan Huang1, 2, Zijie Tang3, Zhuoxin Liu3, Jun Wei4, Hong Hu5, Chunyi Zhi3, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 38
  First Online: 17 January 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0191-7

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    Schematics of PU artificial leather modification to serve as a polyelectrolyte of an artificial leather supercapacitor. a From wPU to miwPU: (i) wPU without free ions, (ii) iwPU with ionic groups grafted on polymer chains, (iii) miwPU with the presence of NaCl and dyes. b The artificial leather supercapacitor comprising the miwPU electrolyte, PPy@CNT sheet electrodes, and miwPU artificial leather with patterns transferred from an arbitrary substrate
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    a Fluorescence emission spectra of miwPU films with and without NaCl modification when excited at 365 nm (Inset is a photograph of the miwPU film under the excitation). b Ionic conductivities at various contents of NaCl in the miwPU film. c An SEM picture of CNT sheets (Scale bar is 1 µm). d An SEM picture of the CNT sheets on which PPy are electrodeposited (Scale bar is 1 µm).
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    a CV profiles at scan rates ranging from 0.005 to 1 V s-1. b GCD profiles at current densities ranging from 5 to 250 µA cm-2. c Areal capacitances calculated according to CV (red) and GCD (blue) profiles of the PPy@CNT sheet electrode using the miwPU polyelectrolyte. d Charge/discharge cycling stability (inset is GCD curves at various cycle numbers). e CV profiles of the supercapacitor undergoing consecutive deformations (scan rate: 0.05 V s-1). f CV profiles of the waterproof spray-sprinkled supercapacitor prior to and after water sputtering (scan rate: 0.1 V s-1)
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    a Fluorescent miwPU artificial leathers with various patterns. b CV curves of patterned miwPU artificial leather supercapacitors. c GCD curves of patterned miwPU artificial leather supercapacitors. d The fluorescent supercapcitor sleeve under excitation. e The supercapacitor sleeve powering a light-emitting diode

• Non-covalently Functionalized Graphene Oxide-Based Coating to Enhance Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of PVA Film

  Wenhua Chen1,#, Pengju Liu1,#, Lizhen Min1, Yiming Zhou1, Yuan Liu1,[1], Qi Wang1, Wenfeng Duan2	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 39
  First Online: 11 January 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0190-8

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    Schematic diagram showing overall processing of non-covalently FGO
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    TEM images of a GO and b FGO. c XRD patterns and d Raman spectra of GO and FGO
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    TGA profiles of GO and FGO under nitrogen atmosphere
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    a Schematic diagram of LBL assembly of FGO/PEI bilayers on PVA film. b SEM top-view images and c cross-section images of the coated sample. d Photographs showing excellent flexibility of the coated PVA film
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    a UV-Vis spectra of GO-based multilayers deposited on PVA substrate and b absorption intensity at 231 nm as a function of bilayer number
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    a TGA profiles of neat PVA, PVA/FGO, and PVA coated with different FGO-based layers. Schematic depicting degradation processes of b pure PVA and c coated PVA
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    a HRR and b THR profiles of pure PVA, PVA/GO, and self-assembled FGO-coated PVA with different numbers of bilayers
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    Snapshots of flame treatment of a PVA film, b PVA/FGO composite film, and c LBL-assembled FGO-coated PVA film with 10 bilayers with respect to time in 9 s. d Raman spectra of PVA coated with different self-assembled (FGO/PEI) bilayers after flame treatment. SEM images of external surfaces of FGO-based coating residue with e 10, f 20, and g 30 bilayers and internal surfaces of FGO-based coating residue with h 10, i 20, and j 30 bilayers. The insert shows XPS spectra of external and internal surfaces of FGO-based coating residue
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    Scheme of the flame-retardant behaviors of a PVA/FGO composite and b FGO multilayer-coated PVA
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    Snapshots of flame treatment of PVA sheet coated with 30 LBL-assembled bilayers based on a GO and b FGO with respect to time in 40 s. c Photographs showing morphology of films before and after flame treatment. d Schematic diagram of char structure of FGO-based residue layer

• A Review: Enhanced Anodes of Li/Na-Ion Batteries Based on Yolk-Shell Structured Nanomaterials

  Cuo Wu1, Xin Tong1, Yuanfei Ai1,  De-Sheng Liu1, Peng Yu1, Jiang Wu1, 2, Zhiming M. Wang1, *	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 40
  First Online: 17 January 2018 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0194-4

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    Graphics illustration of yolk-shell structure: a single shell with single yolk, b double shells with a single yolk, c multiple shells with a single yolk, and d single shell with multiple yolks. Reprinted with permission from Refs. [21, 55, 133]. TEM images of: e single shell with single yolk, f double shells with single yolk, and g single shell with multiple yolks. h SEM, i TEM, j HRTEM and k element mapping images of triple shells with single yolk. Reprinted with permission from Refs. [58, 60, 62, 68]
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    Schematic demonstration of novel YS structure of: a polystyrene spheres (PS)@NiCo2S4, Reprinted with permission from Ref. [71]. b urchin-like Bi2S3@polypyrrole(ppy), Reprinted with permission from Ref. [72]. c rough VO2 microspheres, Reprinted with permission from Ref. [73] and d pomegranate-like Si@C. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [75]. The corresponding TEM images of e PS@NiCo2S4, and f Bi2S3@ppy. Reprinted with permission from Refs. [71, 72]. g1 FESEM and g2 TEM images of VO2 microspheres. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [73]. h SEM image of pomegranate-like Si@C particles. Inset shows the spherical morphology in overall. i Details of sub-YS nanospheres in a single pomegranate-like Si@C particle. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [75]
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    a Schematic illustration YS Fe3O4@C nanobox following 1-, 2-, and 3-h etching time. The TEM images (b1 , b2, b3) of Fe3O4@C nanobox are showed in the dashed box corresponding to 1-, 2-, and 3-h etching, respectively. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [84]. Graphic illustrations of c YS nanoprism of Ni-Co mixed oxide, d YS octahedral Fe2P@C, and e YS octahedral Au nanorod@Cu7S4. f TEM image of YS Ni-Co mixed oxide nanoprism. g1 SEM image and g2 TEM octahedral Fe2P@C. h TEM octahedral Cu7S4 shell with Au nanorod yolk. Reprinted with permission from Refs. [80, 82, 88]
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    a1- a5 Schematic illustration of synthesis process of YS Au@TiO2 nanorod. The corresponding TEM images of synthesis process: b-d the as-prepared Au@TiO2 nanorod with different aspect ratios. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [92]
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    TEM images and electrochemical performance of LIB assembled with YS structure anode: a Sn@C nanocube, the corresponding b cyclic voltammetry curves and c cyclic performance. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [87]. d Ni2P wrapped by graphene networks, the corresponding e rate performance at different current densities, and f long-term cycle performance. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [124]. g urchin-like Bi2S3@ppy, the corresponding h galvanostatic profiles and i long-term cyclic performance. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [72]. j Fe3O4@Fe3C nanospindle and k the corresponding long-term cyclic performance. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [93]. l Schematic illustration of volume expansion of YS structure yolk after lithiation. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [104]
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    a TEM image and b HRTEM image of FeS2@C with 45-minute etching. Element mapping images of: c FeS2@C-0 and d FeS2@C-45. e Comparison of rate performance of FeS2@C-0 and FeS2@C-45 at various current densities. f Variation of capacity retention of FeS2@C-0 and FeS2@C-45 in 100 cycles performance at 100 mA g-1. g Long-term cyclic performance of FeS2@C-0 and FeS2@C-45. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [86]

• Noninvasive Label-Free Detection of Cortisol and Lactate Using Graphene Embedded Screen-Printed Electrode

  Satish K. Tuteja1, Connor Ormsby1, Suresh Neethirajan1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 41
  First Online: 23 January 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0193-5

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    Schematic representation of a portable, handheld potentiostat assembled with Bluetooth communication and battery operation to allow for point-of-care applications. The prototype electrode is attached to patient’s arm and connected to handheld potentiostat to run test and data will be sent to the mobile app to be displayed to the user.
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    Schematic illustration of carbon screen printed electrode: CE: counter electrode, RE: reference electrode. Working electrode surface is with sequence of surface modifications for bioassay fabrication. The e-RGO (electro reduced graphene oxide)-modified SPEs were then functionalized with cortisol and lactate antibodies to develop a biointerface for label-free electrochemical immunosensing.
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    a LSV based characterization of electroreduction steps of GO to e-RGO. b Electrodeposition of graphene by CV. c The CV curves at different stages of SPE modification
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    a Functionalization study of GO and e-RGO using FTIR analysis. b Raman spectra of GO and e-RGO. c XPS analysis of GO and e-RGO
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    a SEM analysis of dual SPE before electrodeposition. b SEM analysis of SPE afterelectroreduction. c High magnification SEM images of electrodeposited e-RGO over the dual SPE. d TEM image of e-RGO. e, f AFM image of e-RGO
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    Chronoamperometric curve recorded from Ab@e-RGO SPE vs. different concentrations of a antigen cortisol, b antigen lactate. c Calibration curve from anti cortisol Ab@e-RGO SPE against various concentrations of antigen cortisol. d Calibration curve from anti lactate Ab@e-RGO SPE against various concentrations of antigen lactate. e, f Investigations of sensor response towards cortisol and lactate respectively, in addition to other non-specific proteins, to assess the device’s specificity (concentration was fixed at 1 mM)

• Layer-by-Layer Assembled Bacterial Cellulose/Graphene Oxide Hydrogels with Extremely Enhanced Mechanical Properties

  Honglin Luo1, 2, Jiaojiao Dong1, Fanglian Yao3, Zhiwei Yang1, Wei Li1, Jie Wang1, Xinhua Xu2, Jian Hu 1, *, Yizao Wan1, 2, *	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 42
  First Online: 27 February 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0195-3

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    Schematic illustration of the typical fabrication process of BC/GO nanocomposite hydrogel. The mixture of GO suspension and culture medium of BC was sprayed onto the BC0 base film (in the first cycle) or the newly grown BC/GO (in the subsequent cycles) followed by in situ culture.
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    a Digital photos of c-BC/GO and BC/GO hydrogels. SEM images taken from the surface layers of b BC, c BC/GO-1, d BC/GO-2, and e BC/GO-3. f Magnified SEM and g TEM images of the “leaf and vein” nanostructure of BC/GO-2. h A representative SEM image of BC/GO-3 from central area indicating the uniform structure
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    a XRD patterns of BC0, BC, and BC/GO nanocomposites. b FTIR spectra of BC, GO, and BC/GO nanocomposites. c Wide-scan XPS spectra of BC and BC/GO-2 (c1), high resolution C 1s spectra of BC (c2) and BC/GO-2 (c3). d Raman spectra of pristine GO and BC/GO-2 nanocomposite
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    The nitrogen adsorption/desorption curves and pore size distribution curves of a BC, b BC/GO-1, c BC/GO-2, and d BC/GO-3
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    Water contact angles of BC and BC/GO nanocomposites
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    Typical a stress-strain, b tensile strength, c tensile modulus, and d strain at break of BC and BC/GO nanocomposites
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    Schematic diagram of “leaf and vein” nanostructure of BC/GO prepared by LBLA strategy. The layer-by-layer culture mode facilitates the bundling of 2D GO nanosheets by 1D BC nanofibers and promotes distribution of 2D GO nanosheets in 3D BC matrix

• Formamidinium Lead Bromide Perovskite Microcrystals for Sensitive and Fast Photodetectors

  Fengying Zhang1, 2, Bin Yang2, Kaibo Zheng3, Songqiu Yang2, Yajuan Li2, Weiqiao Deng2, *, Rongxing He1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 43
  First Online: 05 March 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0196-2

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    a Top-view and b cross-sectional SEM images. c XRD pattern d Steady-state absorption spectrum of FAPbBr3 MCs film. Left insets: the optical bandgap extracted from Tauc plot; right insets: PL spectrum. e PL decay of the sample excited at 376 nm, which could be well fitted by biexponential functions. f Current–voltage responses of FAPbBr3 MCs
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    a Current–voltage characteristics measured under back-side excitation with varying light intensity. b Responsivity and corresponding current as a function of incident light power under back-side illumination. The detector was biased at 5 V. c EQE and detectivity under different light illuminations. d Response time measured by a monochromatic source of 495 nm under back-side illumination and rise time and fall time
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    a Spectral-dependent photocurrent under front-side and back-side excitation at 1 mW cm−2 and a bias voltage of 5 V. b Photocurrent response measured using a series of bias voltages: 2, 3, 4, and 5 V, at an excitation of 495 nm. Normalized spectral-dependent photocurrent under different bias voltages under c back-side and d front-side excitation
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    a Schematic showing two-photon absorption of 800 nm light and up-conversion to 567 nm PL. b Photocurrent and c responsivity dependence at an input light intensity of 800 nm and a bias of 5 V. d Fall time measured using pulsed light of 800 nm

• Metal-Organic Framework-Assisted Synthesis of Compact Fe2O3 Nanotubes in Co3O4 Host with Enhanced Lithium Storage Properties

  Song Lin Zhang1, Bu Yuan Guan1, *, Hao Bin Wu2, Xiong Wen (David) Lou1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 44
  First Online: 11 March 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0197-1

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    Schematic illustration of the formation process of the Fe2O3 nanotubes@Co3O4 composite. (I) Self-assembly of MIL-88B nanorods, Co2+ ions, and 2-methylimidazole (2-MIM) to a MIL-88B@ZIF-67 composite. (II) Transformation to Fe2O3 nanotubes@Co3O4 composite through thermal treatment in air
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    FESEM images of a PVP-functionalized MIL-88B nanorods and c, d MIL-88B@ZIF-67 composites. TEM images of b PVP-functionalized MIL-88B nanorods and e, f MIL-88B@ZIF-67 composites
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    XRD patterns of MIL-88B@ZIF-67 composites, MIL-88B and ZIF-67. Insets show the digital photographs of the MIL-88B@ZIF-67 composites and ZIF-67
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    a–c FESEM images and d–f TEM images of the Fe2O3 nanotubes@Co3O4 composites
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    a XRD pattern of the Fe2O3 nanotubes@Co3O4 composites. b N2 sorption isotherms of the Fe2O3 nanotubes@Co3O4 composites. Inset gives the pore size distribution
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    a HAADF-STEM image of Fe2O3 nanotubes@Co3O4 composite particles. Elemental mapping images of b Fe, c Co, and d O
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    Electrochemical characterization of the Fe2O3 nanotubes@Co3O4 composite as an anode material in LIBs. a Discharge-charge voltage profiles in the voltage range 0.01–3.0 V at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. b cycling performance and corresponding Coulombic efficiency at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. c rate performance at various current densities from 0.1 to 2 A g−1

• Highly Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven Photoelectrochemical Performance of ZnO-Modified In2S3 Nanosheet Arrays by Atomic Layer Deposition

  Ming Li1,2, Xinglong Tu1,3, Yunhui Wang4, Yanjie Su1,*, Jing Hu1, Baofang Cai1, Jing Lu3,*, Zhi Yang1, Yafei Zhang1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 45
  First Online: 23 March 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0199-z

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    a Schematic illustration of the preparation of In2S3/ZnO NSAs. Cross-sectional SEM images of the In2S3/ZnO-x NSAs with different ZnO overlayer thicknesses: b–g 0, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 nm, respectively. Insets: the corresponding top-view SEM images
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    XRD patterns of the In2S3/ZnO-x NSAs compared to those of the FTO substrate and pristine In2S3 NSAs
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    TEM characterization of the In2S3 and In2S3/ZnO-5 nanosheets: a Low-magnification and b high-magnification TEM images, c SAED pattern of the In2S3 nanosheets, inset: HRTEM image, d low-magnification and e high-magnification TEM images, f SAED pattern of the In2S3/ZnO-5 nanosheets, inset: HRTEM image, and g–j element mapping of In, S, Zn, and O, respectively, for the area of the white dotted box of In2S3/ZnO-5 nanosheets shown in d
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    a Transmission, b reflection, c absorption spectra, and d the absorptance at 450 nm as a function of the ZnO thickness for the In2S3/ZnO-x NSAs
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    a LSV curves of the pristine In2S3 and In2S3/ZnO-50 nm NSAs under chopped AM 1.5G simulated solar illumination, b photocurrent of In2S3/ZnO-x NSAs at 1.5 V vs. RHE as a function of the thickness of ZnO overlayer, c amperometric I-t curves, d photoconversion efficiency vs. applied bias potential curves, e Nyquist plots, and f Mott–Schottky plots of the pristine In2S3 and In2S3/ZnO-50 NSAs
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    a IPCE of the pristine In2S3 NSA, ZnO-50nm film, and In2S3/ZnO-50 NSAs at 1.23 V vs. RHE; b Amperometric I–t curves of the pristine In2S3, In2S3/ZnO-50 and In2S3/ZnO-100 NSAs at 1.23 V vs. RHE under chopped AM 1.5G illumination
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    a Low and b high binding energy regions of UPS spectra for In2S3, ZnO (100 nm) and In2S3/ZnO-5. c Schematic band alignment for In2S3 and ZnO before the formation of heterojunction
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    Schematic energy level diagrams illustrating the photoactivated charge transfer processes in In2S3/ZnO heterojunction photoanode: a without bias, b with small positive bias, and c with big positive bias

• Improved Electrochemical Performance Based on Nanostructured SnS2@CoS2-rGO Composite Anode for Sodium-Ion Batteries

  Xia Wang1,*, Xueying Li1, Qiang Li1, Hongsen Li1, Jie Xu1, Hong Wang1, Guoxia Zhao1, Lisha Lu1, Xiaoyu Lin1, Hongliang Li2, Shandong Li1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 46
  First Online: 2 April 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0200-x

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    a XRD patterns of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite, SnS2-rGO composite and CoS2-rGO composite. b Raman spectra of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite and rGO
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    XPS spectra of a Sn 3d, b Co 2p, c S 2p and d C 1s core levels of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite
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    a-c low- and high- magnification SEM images, d TEM image, e HRTEM image, f SAED pattern and g-k STEM image and corresponding element mappings of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite
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    a TEM image, b HRTEM image (inset is SAED pattern), c-f STEM image and corresponding element mappings of the SnS2-rGO composite. g EDS spectrum of SnS2-rGO composite
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    a TEM image, b HRTEM image (inset is SAED pattern), c-f STEM image and corresponding element mappings of the CoS2-rGO composite. g EDS spectrum of CoS2-rGO composite
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    6 a CV curves of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite. b Charge/discharge profiles for the initial three cycles and the 100th cycle of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite at a current density of 200 mA g-1. c Cycling performance of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite, SnS2-rGO composite, CoS2-rGO composite at a current density of 200 mA g-1, and the corresponding coulombic efficiency of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite. d Rate capability of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO, SnS2-rGO and CoS2-rGO composite electrodes at varied current densities from 100 to 4000 mA g−1. e Capacity vs. cycle number of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite at higher current densities of 500 and 1000 mA g−1. f Nyquist plots and fitted results of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite, SnS2-rGO composite, and CoS2-rGO composite after the 100th cycle at discharged state. Inset: equivalent circuit model of the studied system

• Nanostructured Graphene Surfaces Promote Different Stages of Bone Cell Differentiation

  F.F. Borghi1,2,3, P.A. Bean2, M.D.M. Evans2, T. van der Laan4,5, S. Kumar4,5, K. Ostrikov1,4,5,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 47
  First Online: 20 March 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0198-0

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    SEM images of the graphene-like samples. a CNW and b HGL nanostructures on Thermanox™ coverslips. These images show the clearly visible edges of the CNWs and the edges of the horizontally aligned CNWs
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    Raman spectroscopy of the CNW (in red) and HGL (in black) samples. Both spectra feature the graphene peaks at about 1350, 1580, and 2690 cm-1. The shoulder peaks at ~1620 cm-1 in the spectra, which are related to thicker graphene sheets, are more evident on the CNW sample (A color version of this figure can be viewed online)
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    Photographs used for contact angle measurements of a uncoated ThermanoxTM, and ThermanoxTM coated with b HGL or c CNWs. These images show the effect on the surface due to the presence of the nanostructures, turning more hydrophilic as a result of the horizontally aligned CNW structures (60°) and less hydrophilic because of the CNW edges (89°)
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    Proliferation assay showing the growth of Saos-2 cells on the CNW, HGL, and control surfaces over a 7-day period, as measured by MTT assay (based on triplicate samples of each surface at each of the three-time points, with outcomes normalized against the cell viability level on TCPS at 7 days)
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    Representative fluorescent images showing the morphology of Saos-2 cells stained with phalloidin and attached to the a-b CNW surface@24 h (×20 and ×40), c-d CNW surface@48 h (×20 and ×40), e-f HGL@24 h (×20 and ×40), g-h HGL@48 h (×20 and ×40), i-j uncoated Thermanox@24 h (×20 and ×40), and k-l uncoated Thermanox@48 h (×20 and ×40). All scale bars are 10 µm. (A color version of this figure can be viewed online)
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    SEM images showing details of the cell interactions with the surfaces after 48 h of incubation. a A cell on the CNW surface exhibiting several elongated extensions connected to surrounding nanowalls, presented in detail in b. c A cell on the HGL surface presenting little interaction with the surface (arrow) but on some nanofeatures, presented in detail in d
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    Outcomes of the differentiation/mineralization assays showing the production of ALP by cells attached to the graphene and control surfaces. Data are based on the mean (± standard deviation) of triplicate wells for each surface, corrected for cell density (as measured by MTT assay conducted in parallel with the differentiation assay)
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    Outcomes of the differentiation/mineralization assay showing the production of calcium by cells attached to the graphene and control surfaces. Data are based on the mean (± standard deviation) of triplicate wells for each surface, corrected for cell density (as measured by MTT assay conducted in parallel with the differentiation assay)

• Highly Sensitive MoS2-Indocyanine Green Hybrid for Photoacoustic Imaging of Orthotopic Brain Glioma at Deep Site

  Chengbo Liu1,‡, Jingqin Chen1,2, ‡, Ying Zhu1,‡, Xiaojing Gong1, Rongqin Zheng3, Ningbo Chen1, Dong Chen1, Huixiang Yan1, Peng Zhang5, Hairong Zheng4, Zonghai Sheng4,*, Liang Song1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 48
  First Online: 08 April 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0202-8

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    Schematic of MoS2-ICG hybrid synthesis and its application in photoacoustic (PA) imaging of orthotopic brain glioma
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    a, b AFM images and c, d thickness profiles of MoS2 (a, c) and MoS2-ICG (b, d). e Absorbance spectra of MoS2 and MoS2-ICG at the same concentration of MoS2. f Fluorescence spectra of free ICG and MoS2-ICG at the same concentration of ICG
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    a Photoacoustic (PA) signal comparison of MoS2 and MoS2-ICG at the same concentration of MoS2. Photoacoustic signals of b MoS2-ICG at different concentrations and c MoS2-ICG illuminated with 5000 laser pulses
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    a Attenuation rate of 675- and 800-nm pulsed laser after penetrating the mouse skull. b Photoacoustic cross-sectional B-scan images of MoS2-ICG covered with mouse skull under 675- and 800-nm laser excitation. Yellow dashed line delineates the outline of the skull. Red circle indicates the MoS2-ICG sample. c Photoacoustic MAP images of mouse back post-subcutaneous injection of MoS2-ICG under 675- and 800-nm laser excitation. The enclosed area by the yellow dashed line indicates the injected region. d Photoacoustic signal intensity plot corresponding to the two red dashed lines in c. e SNR of photoacoustic images under 675- and 800-nm laser excitation in c
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    a Confocal fluorescence images of U87 glioma cells incubated with free ICG and MoS2-ICG for 1, 3, and 8 h. Blue shows fluorescence of DAPI and red shows fluorescence of ICG. b Viability of U87 glioma cells incubated with different concentrations of MoS2-ICG for 24 h. c Hemolysis percentage of RBCs after treatment with different concentrations of MoS2-ICG for 3 h. (+) and (-) each indicates distilled water and PBS as positive and negative controls. The inset photo shows the direct observation of hemolysis
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    a B-scan ultrasound (US), photoacoustic (PA), and their merged images of the brain tumor region before and at 1, 3, and 5 h after intravenous injection of MoS2-ICG. The ultrasound images were used to delineate the scalp and skull of the mouse. The photoacoustic signals in the red circles show the accumulation and distribution of MoS2-ICG within the brain glioma. b Quantification results of photoacoustic signals in the tumor region at different time points before and after MoS2-ICG injection
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    a Representative H&E-stained images of the major organs including the heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney collected from control group mice and mice treated with MoS2-ICG. b, c Blood analysis of MoS2-ICG treated group mice. WBC: number of white blood cells; RBC: number of red blood cells; MPV: mean platelet volume; MCH: mean corpuscular hemoglobin; HGB: concentration of hemoglobin; HCT: hematocrit; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; MCHC: mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; PLT: platelets

• Low-Temperature Soft-Cover-Assisted Hydrolysis Deposition of Large-Scale TiO2 Layer for Efficient Perovskite Solar Modules

  Jinjin He1, Enbing Bi1, Wentao Tang1, Yanbo Wang1, Xudong Yang1, 2, Han Chen1, 2,*, Liyuan Han1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 49
  First Online: 04 April 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0203-7

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    Schematics of the steps in the SAH
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    a SEM and b AFM images of the TiO2 films obtained by SAH with a 0.4-M TiCl4 precursor solution. c XRD patterns and d XPS results of the TiO2 material scratched from the TiO2 film
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    Cross-sectional SEM images of the TiO2 films prepared at different concentrations of TiCl4 a 0.2 M, b 0.4 M, and c 0.6 M. Panels a–c have the same scale-bar of 100 nm. d Average resistance between Ag spots on TiO2 layers prepared using different concentrations of TiCl4
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    J–V characteristics of PSCs using different concentrations of TiCl4 to prepare the electron transport layer
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    UV–Vis light absorption spectra of 9 pieces of 2 × 2 cm2 TiO2 films obtained by a SC and b SAH. PCE distribution histogram of 45 c SC-TiO2-based PSCs and d SAH-TiO2-based PSCs. The films and PSCs were fabricated on the 9 sub-areas divided along the white dashed lines on the SC and SAH TiO2 films (6 × 6 cm2)
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    a Photograph of the backside of the perovskite module consisting of 6 sub-cells with a total aperture area of 16 cm2. b J–V curves of the solar module measured in forward and reverse modes under a simulated solar light of AM 1.5G and 100 mW cm-2

• Bi2Se3/C Nanocomposite as a New Sodium-Ion Battery Anode Material

  Lixin Xie1, Ze Yang1, Jingying Sun1, Haiqing Zhou1, Xiaowei Chi2, Hailong Chen3, Andy X. Li4, Yan Yao2, Shuo Chen1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 50
  First Online: 04 April 2018 (Communication)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0201-9

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    a XRD patterns of as-synthesized Bi2Se3 and Bi2Se3/C. b The diffraction pattern of Bi2Se3. c Low- and d high-resolution TEM images of Bi2Se3. e Low- and f high-resolution TEM images of Bi2Se3/C. g Scanning TEM (STEM) image and its corresponding elemental (Bi, Se, and C) mappings
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    Studies of electrochemical properties of the Bi2Se3/C anode for SIBs. a CV curves of the Bi2Se3/C anode at 0.1 mV s−1. b Cyclic performance of Bi2Se3/C and Bi2Se3 anodes at 0.1 A g−1 and the related Coulombic efficiency of Bi2Se3/C anode. c Discharge/charge profiles and d rate performance of Bi2Se3/C anode at different current densities
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    a dQ/dV plots for the first two cycles and b Ex-situ XRD results of the Bi2Se3/C anode
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    High-resolution XPS spectra a C 1s and b F 1s of the Bi2Se3/C electrode before and after one cycle
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    a EIS spectra for Bi2Se3 and Bi2Se3/C anodes before and after five cycles. b CV curves of the Bi2Se3/C anode at different scan rates. c-d b-value fitted by the relationship of the logarithm peak currents and logarithm scan rates

• Computational Study of Ternary Devices: Stable, Low-Cost, and Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

  Sajid Sajid 1, Ahmed Mourtada Elseman 2, Jun Ji1, Shangyi Dou1, Dong Wei1, Hao Huang1, Peng Cui1, Wenkang Xi1, Lihua Chu1, Yingfeng Li1, Bing Jiang1, Meicheng Li1,*	Abstract | PDF w/ Links Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 51
  First Online: 09 April 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0205-5

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    a Schematic cross-section of of p-i-n perovskite solar cells. b Energy band diagram of the corresponding heterojunctions. c Charge generation, separation, and extraction processes. d Simulated J–V characteristic curves under AM1.5G illumination at 100 mW cm−2 irradiance
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    a Simulated values of carrier recombination and generation rates in MAPbX (MA = CH3NH3, X = I3, I2Br or Br3) layers designed with Cu:NiOx (HTM) and ZnO (ETM). b–d Simulated J–V characteristic curves for different defect densities in the absorber film
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    a Variation (simulated) of PCE obtained as a function of thickness of photoactive materials. b Variation (simulated) of PCE as a function of operating temperature. c–d Variation (simulated) of photovoltaic parameters as a function of bandgap energy in perovskite materials

• A Plasmonic Mass Spectrometry Approach for Detection of Small Nutrients and Toxins

  Shu Wu1, †, Linxi Qian2, †, Lin Huang1, Xuming Sun1, Haiyang Su1, Deepanjali D Gurav1, Mawei Jiang2, Wei Cai2,*, Kun Qian1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 52
  First Online: 17 April 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0204-6

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    Overall design and characterizations. a Schematic diagrams of the experimental workflow. b Size distribution of SiO2 and SiO2@Ag particles by DLS. c UV-Vis absorption spectra of SiO2 and SiO2@Ag particles. d SEM, and e TEM images of SiO2@Ag. f Elemental mappings of SiO2@Ag (red for Ag and yellow for Si). g SAED pattern and HR-TEM (inset of g) showing the silver crystal lattice
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    MALDI MS analysis. a Mass spectrum of 50 ng μL-1 lactose in a 5 mg mL-1 bovine serum albumin solution containing 0.5 M NaCl. b Mass spectrum of 6.25 nL of breast milk sample with 80-fold dilution. Tandem mass spectra of sodium adducted lactose at an m/z of 365.11 for [M+Na]+ in c standard sample, and d breast milk. Tandem mass spectra of silver adducted lactose at an m/z of 449.03 for [M+107Ag]+ in e standard sample, and f breast milk
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    Quantitation of small nutrients. a Representative mass spectrum of lactose with its isotope as the internal standard (IS). b The calibration curve obtained by plotting the experimental ratio of analyte/isotope (A/I) for sodium adducts as a function of the expected ratio of A/I for lactose. c Comparison of results obtained by the plasmonic MS and biochemical method for 20 breast milk samples. d Linear correlation of the quantification results from the plasmonic MS and biochemical method
  • 
    Detection of toxins. a Plasmonic MS analysis of melamine prepared in a concentration gradient. Plasmonic MS analysis of raw milk samples spiked with melamine at a concentration of 0.5 ng μL-1, showing b an m/z range from 200 to 450, c an m/z range from 232 to 236, and d the tandem mass spectrum of melamine at an m/z of 232.96 for [M+107Ag]+

• A Review on Graphene-Based Nanomaterials in Biomedical Applications and Risks in Environment and Health

  Thabitha P. Dasari Shareena1, Danielle McShan1, Asok K. Dasmahapatra1, Paul B. Tchounwou1,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 53
  First Online: 22 April 2018 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0206-4

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    Toc
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    a Graphical analysis of a number of publications on ‘graphene’ and b ‘biomedical applications of graphene’ for the past 14 years. Data retrieved from Scopus
  • 
    Timeline of selected events in the history of the preparation, isolation, and characterization of graphene (Figures are adapted with permission from Ref. [1]). Copyright © 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
  • 
    Schematic representation of structures of Graphene, GO and rGO [24]. Copyright © Elsevier 2016
  • 
    Schematic presentation of Graphene synthesis methods – ‘Top- down’ and ‘bottom- up’ used for the formation of GBN hybrids and different structures. a Graphene- encapsulated NPs. b Graphene–wrapped NPs. c NPs anchored to graphene structures. d Mixed graphene-NP structures. e Graphene-NP sandwich structures. f Graphene-NP layered hybrids [30]. Copyright © 2017 Jana et al.; licensee Beilstein-Institute
  • 
    Schematic overview of medical and non-medical applications of GBNs [118]. Copyright © Elsevier 2014
  • 
    Schematic mechanism of antibacterial activity of GBNs [161]. Copyright © 2016 American Chemical Society
  • 
    Mechanisms of toxicity of GBNs [151]. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
  • 
    Human exposure to graphene from the environment: Humans are exposed to nanomaterials either intentionally in the form of therapy or unintentionally via various factors especially during the manufacturing process in industries. Graphene can enter ecosystem mainly through waste disposal from industries or pharmaceuticals, posing a threat to aquatic organisms. Stable graphene that exists in soil or water can enter the human body through food chain [151]. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V.

• Triboelectric–Electromagnetic Hybrid Generator for Harvesting Blue Energy

  Huiyun Shao1, #, Ping Cheng1, #, Ruixuan Chen1, 2, #, Lingjie Xie1, Na Sun1, Qingqing Shen1, Xiaoping Chen1, Qianqian Zhu1, Yi Zhang1, Yina Liu3, Zhen Wen1,*, Xuhui Sun1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 54
  First Online: 04 May 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0207-3

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    Toc
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    Structure of the triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid generator (TEHG). a Schematic illustration of the as-fabricated TEHG, which consists of five contact–separation-mode triboelectric nanogenerators (CS-TENGs) and five rotary freestanding-mode electromagnetic generators (RF-EMGs). Detailed schematic illustration of b a CS-TENG and d a RF-EMG. c SEM image of the polymer nanowires on the PTFE film (scale bar: 1 μm). e Tilted-view photograph of an as-fabricated TEHG (scale bar: 3 cm). Cross-sectional view of the TEHG f when the rotary magnets are aligned with copper coils and g when the rotary magnets gradually move away
  • 
    Schematics of the operating principle of the TEHG. a Initial state. b Current generation process of the RF-EMG. c The rotary magnet is aligned to copper coil. d The rotary magnet gradually moves away. e The CS-TENG completely recovers its shape. f Another magnet approaches the CS-TENG unit
  • 
    Electrical output performance of each functional component of the TEHG. Voc and Isc of a five RF-EMGs connected in series and b five CS-TENGs connected in parallel at a rotation speed ranging from 20 to 100 rpm. c Dependence of the output current on the rotation rate of the TEHG. Dependence of the average power of d the RF-EMGs and e the CS-TENGs on the external load resistances. f The words “TENG” and “EMG”, made up from LEDs, were lighted (scale bar: 5 cm).
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    Distinctive and combined performances of the RF-EMG and CS-TENG. Measured voltages of a 33-μF capacitor charged by a the RF-EMGs and b the CS-TENGs at a rotation speed ranging from 20 to 100 rpm. Measured voltages of a 33-μF commercial capacitor charged by the TEHG under two different working conditions: c at 40 rpm and d at 100 rpm. The inset shows the circuit diagrams. e Circuit diagram of a self-powered water-temperature sensing system. f Photograph of the self-powered water-temperature sensing system, including the TEHG, rectifier, capacitors, and electronic thermometer (scale bar: 4 cm)

Most Viewed articles are updated on a monthly basis. Below are the journal’s Top 20 most viewed over the last 6 months.

• Efficient Carbon-Based CsPbBr3 Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells by Using Cu-Phthalocyanine as Hole Transport Material

  Zhiyong Liu1, Bo Sun1, Xingyue Liu1, Jinghui Han1, Haibo Ye1, Tielin Shi1, Zirong Tang1, Guanglan Liao1, 2, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 34
  First Online: 26 December 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0187-3

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    a Schematic cross-sectional view of the CuPc-based CsPbBr3 PSC with a printable low-temperature carbon electrode. b Schematic energy level alignment at interfaces. EVAC is the vacuum energy, EC is the conduction band edges, EF is the Fermi levels and EV is the valence band edges. c Schematic illustration of proposed band bending at interfaces
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    SEM images of a top-view of the CsPbBr3 perovskite film and b top-view of the CsPbBr3 perovskite film deposited with CuPc. c Cross-sectional SEM image of the whole device. d close-up of the structure under higher magnification. e XRD spectra of the FTO/TiO2, FTO/TiO2/CsPbBr3 and FTO/TiO2/CsPbBr3/CuPc. f UV-Vis absorbance spectra of the CuPc, FTO/TiO2/CsPbBr3, and FTO/TiO2/CsPbBr3/CuPc
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    The steady-state a and time-resolved b PL spectra of the CsPbBr3 and CsPbBr3/CuPc films
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    a Best performed current density-voltage (J-V) curves of typical small area (0.071 cm2) carbon based CsPbBr3 PSCs with CuPc as HTM or without HTM measured under 100 mW cm-2 photon flux (AM 1.5G), respectively. b IPCE spectra and corresponding integrated photocurrents. Box charts exhibiting the statistical features of c JSC, d VOC, e FF, and f PCE of the carbon based CsPbBr3 PSCs with CuPc as HTM or without HTM
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    a Nyquist plots at bias 1.0 V of the HTM-free and CuPc based CsPbBr3 PSCs in the dark. Inset: The equivalent circuit employed to fit the Nyquist plots. b Nyquist plots in the high frequency range. c Illustration depicting the function of CuPc as HTM layer in PSCs
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    a J-V plot of the carbon-based perovskite solar cell with a large active area of 2.25 cm2. b Stabilized power output measurement for the large area PSC. c Normalized PCE of CsPbBr3/CuPc/Carbon, CsPbBr3/Carbon and CH3NH3PbI3/Carbon based PSCs vs. storage time in ambient air (30-40% RH, 25 °C) without encapsulation. d Normalized PCE of CsPbBr3/CuPc/Carbon, CsPbBr3/Carbon and CH3NH3PbI3/Carbon based PSCs vs. storage time heated at high temperature (100 °C) in a high-humidity ambient environment (70-80% RH, 100 °C) without encapsulation

• Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting by g-C3N4/TiO2 Nanotube Array Heterostructures

  Changhai Liu1, Fang Wang1, Jin Zhang1, Ke Wang1, Yangyang Qiu1, Qian Liang2, Zhidong Chen2, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 37
  First Online: 15 January 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0192-6

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    Schematic diagram of the preparation of TNTAs and g-C3N4/TNTA photoelectrodes
  • 
    a XRD and b Raman spectra of g-C3N4, TNTAs, and g-C3N4/TNTAs
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    SEM images of the as-synthesized a TNTAs and b g-C3N4/TNTAs. c TEM image and d EDX spectrum of g-C3N4/TNTAs. e, f Elemental mapping results of g-C3N4/TNTAs
  • 
    Number of nanotubes with different rin/rout values for TNTAs (black) and g-C3N4/TNTAs (red)
  • 
    Top view and 3D AFM images (2×2 μm2) of a, b TNTAs and c, d g-C3N4/TNTAs
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    XPS spectra of g-C3N4/TNTAs: a survey scan, b Ti 2p, c C 1s, and d N 1s scans
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    a Current-potential curves of the g-C3N4/TNTA photoanode and reference samples (TNTAs, amorphous TiO2, and g-C3N4/TiO2) under light irradiation (100 mW cm–2). The dark line indicates the dark current density. b Time-dependent photocurrent density of different photoanodes under intermittent light irradiation. c Photoconversion efficiency as a function of applied potential for different photoanodes. d Chronoamperometry plot (I-t) of the g-C3N4/TNTAs measured in 0.1 M Na2SO4 with a three-electrode system at 1.23 VRHE for 10 h
  • 
    Nyquist plots of a g-C3N4/TiO2, b TNTAs, and c g-C3N4/TNTAs electrodes in dark and with light irradiation
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    Transient OCPs of g-C3N4/TNTAs, TNTAs, and g-C3N4/TiO2 photoanodes
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    Mott-Schottky images of a pristine TNTAs and b g-C3N4/TNTAs
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    Schematic diagram of the charge transfer mechanism of the g-C3N4/TNTA heterojunction electrode

• A Review: Enhanced Anodes of Li/Na-Ion Batteries Based on Yolk-Shell Structured Nanomaterials

  Cuo Wu1, Xin Tong1, Yuanfei Ai1,  De-Sheng Liu1, Peng Yu1, Jiang Wu1, 2, Zhiming M. Wang1, *	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 40
  First Online: 17 January 2018 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0194-4

  • 
    Graphics illustration of yolk-shell structure: a single shell with single yolk, b double shells with a single yolk, c multiple shells with a single yolk, and d single shell with multiple yolks. Reprinted with permission from Refs. [21, 55, 133]. TEM images of: e single shell with single yolk, f double shells with single yolk, and g single shell with multiple yolks. h SEM, i TEM, j HRTEM and k element mapping images of triple shells with single yolk. Reprinted with permission from Refs. [58, 60, 62, 68]
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    Schematic demonstration of novel YS structure of: a polystyrene spheres (PS)@NiCo2S4, Reprinted with permission from Ref. [71]. b urchin-like Bi2S3@polypyrrole(ppy), Reprinted with permission from Ref. [72]. c rough VO2 microspheres, Reprinted with permission from Ref. [73] and d pomegranate-like Si@C. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [75]. The corresponding TEM images of e PS@NiCo2S4, and f Bi2S3@ppy. Reprinted with permission from Refs. [71, 72]. g1 FESEM and g2 TEM images of VO2 microspheres. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [73]. h SEM image of pomegranate-like Si@C particles. Inset shows the spherical morphology in overall. i Details of sub-YS nanospheres in a single pomegranate-like Si@C particle. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [75]
  • 
    a Schematic illustration YS Fe3O4@C nanobox following 1-, 2-, and 3-h etching time. The TEM images (b1 , b2, b3) of Fe3O4@C nanobox are showed in the dashed box corresponding to 1-, 2-, and 3-h etching, respectively. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [84]. Graphic illustrations of c YS nanoprism of Ni-Co mixed oxide, d YS octahedral Fe2P@C, and e YS octahedral Au nanorod@Cu7S4. f TEM image of YS Ni-Co mixed oxide nanoprism. g1 SEM image and g2 TEM octahedral Fe2P@C. h TEM octahedral Cu7S4 shell with Au nanorod yolk. Reprinted with permission from Refs. [80, 82, 88]
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    a1- a5 Schematic illustration of synthesis process of YS Au@TiO2 nanorod. The corresponding TEM images of synthesis process: b-d the as-prepared Au@TiO2 nanorod with different aspect ratios. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [92]
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    TEM images and electrochemical performance of LIB assembled with YS structure anode: a Sn@C nanocube, the corresponding b cyclic voltammetry curves and c cyclic performance. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [87]. d Ni2P wrapped by graphene networks, the corresponding e rate performance at different current densities, and f long-term cycle performance. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [124]. g urchin-like Bi2S3@ppy, the corresponding h galvanostatic profiles and i long-term cyclic performance. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [72]. j Fe3O4@Fe3C nanospindle and k the corresponding long-term cyclic performance. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [93]. l Schematic illustration of volume expansion of YS structure yolk after lithiation. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [104]
  • 
    a TEM image and b HRTEM image of FeS2@C with 45-minute etching. Element mapping images of: c FeS2@C-0 and d FeS2@C-45. e Comparison of rate performance of FeS2@C-0 and FeS2@C-45 at various current densities. f Variation of capacity retention of FeS2@C-0 and FeS2@C-45 in 100 cycles performance at 100 mA g-1. g Long-term cyclic performance of FeS2@C-0 and FeS2@C-45. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [86]

• Design of Supercapacitor Electrodes Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations

  Zheng Bo1,⁎, Changwen Li1, Huachao Yang1, Kostya Ostrikov2, 3, Jianhua Yan1, Kefa Cen1	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 33
  First Online: 21 December 2017 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0188-2

  • 
    a CSAC model and the pore size distributions for average pore size of b 0.75 nm and c 1.23 nm (gray: carbon atoms, red: cations and green: anions). Reprinted with permission from Ref. [61]. Copyright (2014) American Chemical Society
  • 
    The energy storage inside CDC electrode. a The snapshot of CDC model and quantitative picture of ions adsorbed into the model under different potentials (blue: carbon atoms, red: BMI+ ions and green: PF_6^- ions). b Integral of charge density over the distance to surface for CDC-1200 and graphite. c The distributions of capacitance per atom for three kinds of carbon material, and the average value is indicated by the arrow. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [27]. Copyright (2012) Nature Publishing Group. d Four typical structures of adsorption location (edge, plane, hollow, pocket) with the different DoC. The variation of e fraction of ions and f counter-charge per ion with DoC. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [31]. Copyright (2013) Nature Publishing Group
  • 
    Charging dynamics and characteristics times of each stage in CDC electrode. a Time evolution of average charge per atom for CDC-800, CDC-950 and CDC-1200. b The local charge (left) and instantaneous ionic position (right) for CDC-1200 when t=2.4 ns. c Evolution of local charge with time for CDC-1200. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [67]. Copyright (2014) American Chemical Society. Summary of various characteristics times for three stages when ions approaching the surface at d 0 V and e -1 V. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [66]. Copyright (2015) American Chemical Society
  • 
    Numerical structures for a planar model and b slit-type model. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [18]. Copyright (2016) American Chemical Society
  • 
    Differential capacitance as a function of electrode potential. For a flat and rough surface. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [32]. Copyright (2011) American Chemical Society. For b the surface with different surface nanopatterning. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [33]. Copyright (2012) American Chemical Society
  • 
    Doping heteroatoms and functional groups. a The diagram of two kinds of doping nitrogen atoms and the variation of EDL capacitance and quantum capacitance with potential. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [35]. Copyright (2013) American Chemical Society. b The diagram of doping oxygen-containing functional groups. c The capacitance as a function of oxidation ratio for epoxy and hydroxyl groups. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [36]. Copyright (2014) American Chemical Society
  • 
    The capacitance and number density in slit-type models. The capacitance as a function of pore size. For a small range. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [24]. Copyright (2011) American Chemical Society. For b large range. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [26]. Copyright (2011) American Chemical Society. c The variation of EDL interference factor with the pore size. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [103]. Copyright (2011) American Chemical Society. d The variation of capacitance when adding organic solvents. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [106]. Copyright (2012) American Chemical Society. e The diagram of a sandwich capacitance model. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [25]. Copyright (2010) American Chemical Society. Adding ACN molecules, the variation of f self-diffusion coefficient. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [109]. Copyright (2016) American Chemical Society. The variation of g capacitance with ACN concentration. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [108]. Copyright (2016) American Chemical Society. At different voltages, h capacitance and i number density. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [113]. Copyright (2012) American Chemical Society
  • 
    The distributions of a concentration and b hydration number as a function of position for different kinds of pore size. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [25]. Copyright (2010) American Chemical Society. c The hydration structures of Ca+ and Cl- ions under the slit pores of 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 nm. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [116]. Copyright (2009) American Chemical Society. d The dehydration rate of Na+ and Cl- ions for different kinds of pore size. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [30]. Copyright (2015) Nature Publishing Group
  • 
    Charging dynamics and ion accumulation in slit pores. a MSDs of cations and anions for the slit pores with different pore size and bulk. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [117]. Copyright (2012) American Chemical Society. b The charge accumulation inside slit pores with 0.53 and 0.66 nm. When a voltage of 3 V is imposed at t=0, the evolutions of c total pore occupancy and d average density of cations and anions are obtained. e The charge accumulation in ionophilic and ionophoboic slit pores. f The diffusion coefficient as a function of cation density. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [102]. Copyright (2014) Nature Publishing Group
  • 
    The diagrams and capacitive performances of edge. a The diagram of edge on graphene. b The capacitances of pristine and edge-functionalized graphene. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [40]. Copyright (2014) American Chemical Society. c The diagram of multilayer graphene and its capacitances for different intervals. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [18]. Copyright (2016) American Chemical Society
  • 
    Two surfaces of CNTs. a The outer surface of CNTs. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [15]. Copyright (2013) American Chemical Society. b The inner surface of CNTs. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [28]. Copyright (2010) American Chemical Society.
  • 
    The behaviors of energy storage and microstructures for CNTs. The variation of capacitance with radius of CNT. a For the outer surface. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [15]. Copyright (2013) American Chemical Society. b For the inner surface. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [28]. Copyright (2010) American Chemical Society. c The orientations of ions in the first and second external shell as well as internal shell. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [16]. Copyright (2009) American Chemical Society. d The evolutions of number of Na+, K+, Cs+ ions entering into the CNT. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [132]. Copyright (2007) American Institute of Physics
  • 
    a The numerical structure of OLC when immersed in the electrolyte. b The capacitance as a function of radius of OLC. c The variation of capacitance versus potential for planar model and OLC model with different radius. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [135]. Copyright (2012) American Chemical Society

• Towards Enhancing Wearability and Fashion of Wearable Supercapacitor with Modified Polyurethane Artificial Leather Electrolyte

  Yan Huang1, 2, Zijie Tang3, Zhuoxin Liu3, Jun Wei4, Hong Hu5, Chunyi Zhi3, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 38
  First Online: 17 January 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0191-7

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    Schematics of PU artificial leather modification to serve as a polyelectrolyte of an artificial leather supercapacitor. a From wPU to miwPU: (i) wPU without free ions, (ii) iwPU with ionic groups grafted on polymer chains, (iii) miwPU with the presence of NaCl and dyes. b The artificial leather supercapacitor comprising the miwPU electrolyte, PPy@CNT sheet electrodes, and miwPU artificial leather with patterns transferred from an arbitrary substrate
  • 
    a Fluorescence emission spectra of miwPU films with and without NaCl modification when excited at 365 nm (Inset is a photograph of the miwPU film under the excitation). b Ionic conductivities at various contents of NaCl in the miwPU film. c An SEM picture of CNT sheets (Scale bar is 1 µm). d An SEM picture of the CNT sheets on which PPy are electrodeposited (Scale bar is 1 µm).
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    a CV profiles at scan rates ranging from 0.005 to 1 V s-1. b GCD profiles at current densities ranging from 5 to 250 µA cm-2. c Areal capacitances calculated according to CV (red) and GCD (blue) profiles of the PPy@CNT sheet electrode using the miwPU polyelectrolyte. d Charge/discharge cycling stability (inset is GCD curves at various cycle numbers). e CV profiles of the supercapacitor undergoing consecutive deformations (scan rate: 0.05 V s-1). f CV profiles of the waterproof spray-sprinkled supercapacitor prior to and after water sputtering (scan rate: 0.1 V s-1)
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    a Fluorescent miwPU artificial leathers with various patterns. b CV curves of patterned miwPU artificial leather supercapacitors. c GCD curves of patterned miwPU artificial leather supercapacitors. d The fluorescent supercapcitor sleeve under excitation. e The supercapacitor sleeve powering a light-emitting diode

• Non-covalently Functionalized Graphene Oxide-Based Coating to Enhance Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of PVA Film

  Wenhua Chen1,#, Pengju Liu1,#, Lizhen Min1, Yiming Zhou1, Yuan Liu1,[1], Qi Wang1, Wenfeng Duan2	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 39
  First Online: 11 January 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0190-8

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    Schematic diagram showing overall processing of non-covalently FGO
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    TEM images of a GO and b FGO. c XRD patterns and d Raman spectra of GO and FGO
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    TGA profiles of GO and FGO under nitrogen atmosphere
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    a Schematic diagram of LBL assembly of FGO/PEI bilayers on PVA film. b SEM top-view images and c cross-section images of the coated sample. d Photographs showing excellent flexibility of the coated PVA film
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    a UV-Vis spectra of GO-based multilayers deposited on PVA substrate and b absorption intensity at 231 nm as a function of bilayer number
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    a TGA profiles of neat PVA, PVA/FGO, and PVA coated with different FGO-based layers. Schematic depicting degradation processes of b pure PVA and c coated PVA
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    a HRR and b THR profiles of pure PVA, PVA/GO, and self-assembled FGO-coated PVA with different numbers of bilayers
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    Snapshots of flame treatment of a PVA film, b PVA/FGO composite film, and c LBL-assembled FGO-coated PVA film with 10 bilayers with respect to time in 9 s. d Raman spectra of PVA coated with different self-assembled (FGO/PEI) bilayers after flame treatment. SEM images of external surfaces of FGO-based coating residue with e 10, f 20, and g 30 bilayers and internal surfaces of FGO-based coating residue with h 10, i 20, and j 30 bilayers. The insert shows XPS spectra of external and internal surfaces of FGO-based coating residue
  • 
    Scheme of the flame-retardant behaviors of a PVA/FGO composite and b FGO multilayer-coated PVA
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    Snapshots of flame treatment of PVA sheet coated with 30 LBL-assembled bilayers based on a GO and b FGO with respect to time in 40 s. c Photographs showing morphology of films before and after flame treatment. d Schematic diagram of char structure of FGO-based residue layer

• Noninvasive Label-Free Detection of Cortisol and Lactate Using Graphene Embedded Screen-Printed Electrode

  Satish K. Tuteja1, Connor Ormsby1, Suresh Neethirajan1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 41
  First Online: 23 January 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0193-5

  • 
    Schematic representation of a portable, handheld potentiostat assembled with Bluetooth communication and battery operation to allow for point-of-care applications. The prototype electrode is attached to patient’s arm and connected to handheld potentiostat to run test and data will be sent to the mobile app to be displayed to the user.
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    Schematic illustration of carbon screen printed electrode: CE: counter electrode, RE: reference electrode. Working electrode surface is with sequence of surface modifications for bioassay fabrication. The e-RGO (electro reduced graphene oxide)-modified SPEs were then functionalized with cortisol and lactate antibodies to develop a biointerface for label-free electrochemical immunosensing.
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    a LSV based characterization of electroreduction steps of GO to e-RGO. b Electrodeposition of graphene by CV. c The CV curves at different stages of SPE modification
  • 
    a Functionalization study of GO and e-RGO using FTIR analysis. b Raman spectra of GO and e-RGO. c XPS analysis of GO and e-RGO
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    a SEM analysis of dual SPE before electrodeposition. b SEM analysis of SPE afterelectroreduction. c High magnification SEM images of electrodeposited e-RGO over the dual SPE. d TEM image of e-RGO. e, f AFM image of e-RGO
  • 
    Chronoamperometric curve recorded from Ab@e-RGO SPE vs. different concentrations of a antigen cortisol, b antigen lactate. c Calibration curve from anti cortisol Ab@e-RGO SPE against various concentrations of antigen cortisol. d Calibration curve from anti lactate Ab@e-RGO SPE against various concentrations of antigen lactate. e, f Investigations of sensor response towards cortisol and lactate respectively, in addition to other non-specific proteins, to assess the device’s specificity (concentration was fixed at 1 mM)

• Metal-Organic Framework-Assisted Synthesis of Compact Fe2O3 Nanotubes in Co3O4 Host with Enhanced Lithium Storage Properties

  Song Lin Zhang1, Bu Yuan Guan1, *, Hao Bin Wu2, Xiong Wen (David) Lou1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 44
  First Online: 11 March 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0197-1

  • 
    Toc
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    Schematic illustration of the formation process of the Fe2O3 nanotubes@Co3O4 composite. (I) Self-assembly of MIL-88B nanorods, Co2+ ions, and 2-methylimidazole (2-MIM) to a MIL-88B@ZIF-67 composite. (II) Transformation to Fe2O3 nanotubes@Co3O4 composite through thermal treatment in air
  • 
    FESEM images of a PVP-functionalized MIL-88B nanorods and c, d MIL-88B@ZIF-67 composites. TEM images of b PVP-functionalized MIL-88B nanorods and e, f MIL-88B@ZIF-67 composites
  • 
    XRD patterns of MIL-88B@ZIF-67 composites, MIL-88B and ZIF-67. Insets show the digital photographs of the MIL-88B@ZIF-67 composites and ZIF-67
  • 
    a–c FESEM images and d–f TEM images of the Fe2O3 nanotubes@Co3O4 composites
  • 
    a XRD pattern of the Fe2O3 nanotubes@Co3O4 composites. b N2 sorption isotherms of the Fe2O3 nanotubes@Co3O4 composites. Inset gives the pore size distribution
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    a HAADF-STEM image of Fe2O3 nanotubes@Co3O4 composite particles. Elemental mapping images of b Fe, c Co, and d O
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    Electrochemical characterization of the Fe2O3 nanotubes@Co3O4 composite as an anode material in LIBs. a Discharge-charge voltage profiles in the voltage range 0.01–3.0 V at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. b cycling performance and corresponding Coulombic efficiency at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. c rate performance at various current densities from 0.1 to 2 A g−1

• Subtle Variations in Surface Properties of Black Silicon Surfaces Influence the Degree of Bactericidal Efficiency

  Chris M. Bhadra1, Marco Werner2, Vladimir A. Baulin2, Vi Khanh Truong1, Mohammad Al Kobaisi1, Song Ha Nguyen1, Armandas Balcytis1,3, Saulius Juodkazis1,3, James Y. Wang1, David E. Mainwaring1, Russell J. Crawford4, Elena P. Ivanova1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 36
  First Online: 21 December 2017 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-017-0186-9

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    Identification and detection of the nanopillars of the black silicon surfaces. a Training set based on the SEM images of bSi-1 (×10,000 magnification) used to distinguish pillar tips and free regions between the pillars. P: pillar tip; E: empty space between pillars. b Detected pillar tips (red squares) on each type of bSi surface. Scale bars correspond to 500 nm.
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    Comparative analysis of the bSi surface nanoarchitecture. a The upper plane of the surfaces on the SEM images, 20,000× magnifications, and scale bar is 1 µm. The distinct morphologies of the nanopillars present on each type of bSi surface as seen from the SEM micrographs taken at a tilted angle of 45º (SEM cross-sections) from the baseline, ×30,000, scale bar is 200 nm. The inset shows a schematic depiction of the representative shapes of the nanopillars present on bSi surfaces derived from side-view SEM images, highlighting the distinct pillar morphology including the pillar height and tip width. b The average fast Fourier transform of tiles of size 512×512 pixels for each of the species. The center pixel has been replaced by the averaged grey value.
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    Analysis for nanopillar tip distributions. a Pair-correlation function (Eq. 1) of nanopillar tip positions as a function of distance between pillars for bSi-1, bSi-2, and bSi-3 substrate. b The distributions of numbers of neighbors found around each pillar within the first peak of the pair-correlation function with a distance less than 500 nm.
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    Bactericidal efficiency of the black silicon surfaces. a SEM images of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus cells, which appeared to be disrupted through interaction with bSi surfaces, scale bars are 1 µm. CLSM images showing the proportion of live and dead cells, live cells stained with SYTO® 9 (green) and non-viable cells stained with propidium iodide (red). Scale bar is 10 µm. b The correlation between bactericidal efficiencies (evaluated over a period of 3 h by using a standard plate count method) and surface characteristics (topological parameters and water contact angles).

• A Review on Surface Stress-Based Miniaturized Piezoresistive SU-8 Polymeric Cantilever Sensors

  Ribu Mathew, A. Ravi Sankar⁎	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 35
  First Online: 02 January 2018 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0189-1

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    A top view (without the immobilization and isolation layers) and a cross-sectional view (across AA’) of a composite piezoresistive polymeric micro cantilever sensor. Symbols LC and WC represent the cantilever length and width respectively, whereas, the symbols LP, WP, WT, and WS depict the piezoresistor length, leg width, transverse leg width, and leg space between two piezoresistor strips, respectively
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    Images of SU-8 cantilever sensor arrays: a-b dimensions (LC×WC×TC) = 300×100×2 µm3, and c side view of a SU-8 cantilever. Adopted from Ref. [66]. Copyright (2010) IOP Publishing
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    Piezoresistive SU-8 cantilever sensors: a An image of processed silicon wafer with a zoom in view of the sensor device arrays attached to the wafer before release. b An image of one of the device chip in the array with four rectangular cantilevers. c Array of sensor device chips after the release, and d One of the device chips. Adopted from Ref. [67]. Copyright (2011) IOP Publishing.
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    Optical image of a serpentine Au piezoresistor based SU-8 polymeric cantilevers connected in a Wheatstone bridge configuration (WSB). Adopted from Ref. [68]. Copyright (2005) Elsevier B.V.
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    Working principle of piezoresistive SU-8 polymeric micro/nano cantilever sensors for chemical/biological sensing applications
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    Graphics of a serpentine gold (Au) piezoresistor based cantilevers depicting target-receptor interactions and connected in a Wheatstone bridge configuration (WSB). Adopted from Ref. [69]. Copyright (2009) Elsevier Ltd.
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    Image of gold coated SU-8 cantilevers placed in a micro fluidic channel. Adopted from Ref. [68]. Copyright (2009) Elsevier Ltd.
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    Time response of a piezoresistive cantilever sensor for specific detection of mercaptohexanol. Adopted from Ref. [68]. Copyright (2005) Elsevier B.V.
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    Optical images of cantilevers with selectively coated gold layer coated with self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of mercaptohexanol (MCH). Response of a cantilever operated in dynamic mode: a with the gold layer near the free end, and b with the gold layer near the fixed end. The graphs represent the resonance peaks of the cantilever before (blue line) and after (red line) adsorption of MCH. Adopted from Ref. [81]. Copyright (2009) American Chemical Society
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    Schematic representation of specific DNA hybridization process and the resultant cantilever deflection. a Oligonucleotides with different bases (red and blue) coated on top surface of the cantilevers. Both the cantilevers have net zero displacement. b Injection of matching complementary oligonucleotides of base represented in red results in a net deflection of the cantilever due to hybridization. c Injection of matching complementary oligonucleotides of base represented in blue results in hybridization induced deflection. Figures are adopted from Ref. [88]. Copyright (2000) The American Association for the Advancement of Science
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    Pictorial representation of different analytes with special emphasis on their size and mass. Adopted from Ref. [44]. Copyright (2012) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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    Graphical representation of surface ionization state in different pH regimes. Adopted from Ref. [96]. Copyright (2007) American Chemical Society
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    Pictorial representation of alkane-thiol based self-assembled monolayers on a gold coated cantilever platform and a zoom-in view of the redistribution of electronic states of Au immobilization layer. Adopted from Ref. [99]. Copyright (2010) IOP Publishing
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    Classification of SU-8 piezoresistive cantilever sensors based on the piezoresistor material
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    Optical image of U-shaped titanium piezoresistor based SU-8 cantilever sensors operated in differential mode with passive resistors embedded in WSB configuration. Adopted from Ref. [231]. Copyright (2012) Elsevier B.V.
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    Optical images of a a U-shaped polysilicon piezoresistor based SU-8 cantilever sensor, b two U-shaped cantilever sensors, c gold pads and track lines, and d complete die. Adopted from Ref. [230]. Copyright (2009) IEEE
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    Variation in electrical resistivity of CB SU-8 composite as a function of CB doping. Adopted from Ref. [192]. Copyright (2009) Elsevier Masson SAS
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    Optical image of CB doped SU-8 piezoresistor based SU-8 cantilever sensor arrays with a zoom-in image of a pair of cantilevers. Adopted from Ref. [192]. Copyright (2009) Elsevier Masson SAS
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    Generic fabrication process steps to realize metal/doped poly-silicon/CB SU-8 piezoresistor based SU-8 polymeric micro cantilever sensor

• Highly Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven Photoelectrochemical Performance of ZnO-Modified In2S3 Nanosheet Arrays by Atomic Layer Deposition

  Ming Li1,2, Xinglong Tu1,3, Yunhui Wang4, Yanjie Su1,*, Jing Hu1, Baofang Cai1, Jing Lu3,*, Zhi Yang1, Yafei Zhang1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 45
  First Online: 23 March 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0199-z

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    a Schematic illustration of the preparation of In2S3/ZnO NSAs. Cross-sectional SEM images of the In2S3/ZnO-x NSAs with different ZnO overlayer thicknesses: b–g 0, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 nm, respectively. Insets: the corresponding top-view SEM images
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    XRD patterns of the In2S3/ZnO-x NSAs compared to those of the FTO substrate and pristine In2S3 NSAs
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    TEM characterization of the In2S3 and In2S3/ZnO-5 nanosheets: a Low-magnification and b high-magnification TEM images, c SAED pattern of the In2S3 nanosheets, inset: HRTEM image, d low-magnification and e high-magnification TEM images, f SAED pattern of the In2S3/ZnO-5 nanosheets, inset: HRTEM image, and g–j element mapping of In, S, Zn, and O, respectively, for the area of the white dotted box of In2S3/ZnO-5 nanosheets shown in d
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    a Transmission, b reflection, c absorption spectra, and d the absorptance at 450 nm as a function of the ZnO thickness for the In2S3/ZnO-x NSAs
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    a LSV curves of the pristine In2S3 and In2S3/ZnO-50 nm NSAs under chopped AM 1.5G simulated solar illumination, b photocurrent of In2S3/ZnO-x NSAs at 1.5 V vs. RHE as a function of the thickness of ZnO overlayer, c amperometric I-t curves, d photoconversion efficiency vs. applied bias potential curves, e Nyquist plots, and f Mott–Schottky plots of the pristine In2S3 and In2S3/ZnO-50 NSAs
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    a IPCE of the pristine In2S3 NSA, ZnO-50nm film, and In2S3/ZnO-50 NSAs at 1.23 V vs. RHE; b Amperometric I–t curves of the pristine In2S3, In2S3/ZnO-50 and In2S3/ZnO-100 NSAs at 1.23 V vs. RHE under chopped AM 1.5G illumination
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    a Low and b high binding energy regions of UPS spectra for In2S3, ZnO (100 nm) and In2S3/ZnO-5. c Schematic band alignment for In2S3 and ZnO before the formation of heterojunction
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    Schematic energy level diagrams illustrating the photoactivated charge transfer processes in In2S3/ZnO heterojunction photoanode: a without bias, b with small positive bias, and c with big positive bias

• Layer-by-Layer Assembled Bacterial Cellulose/Graphene Oxide Hydrogels with Extremely Enhanced Mechanical Properties

  Honglin Luo1, 2, Jiaojiao Dong1, Fanglian Yao3, Zhiwei Yang1, Wei Li1, Jie Wang1, Xinhua Xu2, Jian Hu 1, *, Yizao Wan1, 2, *	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 42
  First Online: 27 February 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0195-3

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    Schematic illustration of the typical fabrication process of BC/GO nanocomposite hydrogel. The mixture of GO suspension and culture medium of BC was sprayed onto the BC0 base film (in the first cycle) or the newly grown BC/GO (in the subsequent cycles) followed by in situ culture.
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    a Digital photos of c-BC/GO and BC/GO hydrogels. SEM images taken from the surface layers of b BC, c BC/GO-1, d BC/GO-2, and e BC/GO-3. f Magnified SEM and g TEM images of the “leaf and vein” nanostructure of BC/GO-2. h A representative SEM image of BC/GO-3 from central area indicating the uniform structure
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    a XRD patterns of BC0, BC, and BC/GO nanocomposites. b FTIR spectra of BC, GO, and BC/GO nanocomposites. c Wide-scan XPS spectra of BC and BC/GO-2 (c1), high resolution C 1s spectra of BC (c2) and BC/GO-2 (c3). d Raman spectra of pristine GO and BC/GO-2 nanocomposite
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    The nitrogen adsorption/desorption curves and pore size distribution curves of a BC, b BC/GO-1, c BC/GO-2, and d BC/GO-3
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    Water contact angles of BC and BC/GO nanocomposites
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    Typical a stress-strain, b tensile strength, c tensile modulus, and d strain at break of BC and BC/GO nanocomposites
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    Schematic diagram of “leaf and vein” nanostructure of BC/GO prepared by LBLA strategy. The layer-by-layer culture mode facilitates the bundling of 2D GO nanosheets by 1D BC nanofibers and promotes distribution of 2D GO nanosheets in 3D BC matrix

• Formamidinium Lead Bromide Perovskite Microcrystals for Sensitive and Fast Photodetectors

  Fengying Zhang1, 2, Bin Yang2, Kaibo Zheng3, Songqiu Yang2, Yajuan Li2, Weiqiao Deng2, *, Rongxing He1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 43
  First Online: 05 March 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0196-2

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    a Top-view and b cross-sectional SEM images. c XRD pattern d Steady-state absorption spectrum of FAPbBr3 MCs film. Left insets: the optical bandgap extracted from Tauc plot; right insets: PL spectrum. e PL decay of the sample excited at 376 nm, which could be well fitted by biexponential functions. f Current–voltage responses of FAPbBr3 MCs
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    a Current–voltage characteristics measured under back-side excitation with varying light intensity. b Responsivity and corresponding current as a function of incident light power under back-side illumination. The detector was biased at 5 V. c EQE and detectivity under different light illuminations. d Response time measured by a monochromatic source of 495 nm under back-side illumination and rise time and fall time
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    a Spectral-dependent photocurrent under front-side and back-side excitation at 1 mW cm−2 and a bias voltage of 5 V. b Photocurrent response measured using a series of bias voltages: 2, 3, 4, and 5 V, at an excitation of 495 nm. Normalized spectral-dependent photocurrent under different bias voltages under c back-side and d front-side excitation
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    a Schematic showing two-photon absorption of 800 nm light and up-conversion to 567 nm PL. b Photocurrent and c responsivity dependence at an input light intensity of 800 nm and a bias of 5 V. d Fall time measured using pulsed light of 800 nm

• Improved Electrochemical Performance Based on Nanostructured SnS2@CoS2-rGO Composite Anode for Sodium-Ion Batteries

  Xia Wang1,*, Xueying Li1, Qiang Li1, Hongsen Li1, Jie Xu1, Hong Wang1, Guoxia Zhao1, Lisha Lu1, Xiaoyu Lin1, Hongliang Li2, Shandong Li1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 46
  First Online: 2 April 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0200-x

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    a XRD patterns of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite, SnS2-rGO composite and CoS2-rGO composite. b Raman spectra of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite and rGO
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    XPS spectra of a Sn 3d, b Co 2p, c S 2p and d C 1s core levels of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite
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    a-c low- and high- magnification SEM images, d TEM image, e HRTEM image, f SAED pattern and g-k STEM image and corresponding element mappings of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite
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    a TEM image, b HRTEM image (inset is SAED pattern), c-f STEM image and corresponding element mappings of the SnS2-rGO composite. g EDS spectrum of SnS2-rGO composite
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    a TEM image, b HRTEM image (inset is SAED pattern), c-f STEM image and corresponding element mappings of the CoS2-rGO composite. g EDS spectrum of CoS2-rGO composite
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    6 a CV curves of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite. b Charge/discharge profiles for the initial three cycles and the 100th cycle of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite at a current density of 200 mA g-1. c Cycling performance of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite, SnS2-rGO composite, CoS2-rGO composite at a current density of 200 mA g-1, and the corresponding coulombic efficiency of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite. d Rate capability of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO, SnS2-rGO and CoS2-rGO composite electrodes at varied current densities from 100 to 4000 mA g−1. e Capacity vs. cycle number of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite at higher current densities of 500 and 1000 mA g−1. f Nyquist plots and fitted results of the SnS2@CoS2-rGO composite, SnS2-rGO composite, and CoS2-rGO composite after the 100th cycle at discharged state. Inset: equivalent circuit model of the studied system

• Highly Sensitive MoS2-Indocyanine Green Hybrid for Photoacoustic Imaging of Orthotopic Brain Glioma at Deep Site

  Chengbo Liu1,‡, Jingqin Chen1,2, ‡, Ying Zhu1,‡, Xiaojing Gong1, Rongqin Zheng3, Ningbo Chen1, Dong Chen1, Huixiang Yan1, Peng Zhang5, Hairong Zheng4, Zonghai Sheng4,*, Liang Song1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 48
  First Online: 08 April 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0202-8

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    Schematic of MoS2-ICG hybrid synthesis and its application in photoacoustic (PA) imaging of orthotopic brain glioma
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    a, b AFM images and c, d thickness profiles of MoS2 (a, c) and MoS2-ICG (b, d). e Absorbance spectra of MoS2 and MoS2-ICG at the same concentration of MoS2. f Fluorescence spectra of free ICG and MoS2-ICG at the same concentration of ICG
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    a Photoacoustic (PA) signal comparison of MoS2 and MoS2-ICG at the same concentration of MoS2. Photoacoustic signals of b MoS2-ICG at different concentrations and c MoS2-ICG illuminated with 5000 laser pulses
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    a Attenuation rate of 675- and 800-nm pulsed laser after penetrating the mouse skull. b Photoacoustic cross-sectional B-scan images of MoS2-ICG covered with mouse skull under 675- and 800-nm laser excitation. Yellow dashed line delineates the outline of the skull. Red circle indicates the MoS2-ICG sample. c Photoacoustic MAP images of mouse back post-subcutaneous injection of MoS2-ICG under 675- and 800-nm laser excitation. The enclosed area by the yellow dashed line indicates the injected region. d Photoacoustic signal intensity plot corresponding to the two red dashed lines in c. e SNR of photoacoustic images under 675- and 800-nm laser excitation in c
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    a Confocal fluorescence images of U87 glioma cells incubated with free ICG and MoS2-ICG for 1, 3, and 8 h. Blue shows fluorescence of DAPI and red shows fluorescence of ICG. b Viability of U87 glioma cells incubated with different concentrations of MoS2-ICG for 24 h. c Hemolysis percentage of RBCs after treatment with different concentrations of MoS2-ICG for 3 h. (+) and (-) each indicates distilled water and PBS as positive and negative controls. The inset photo shows the direct observation of hemolysis
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    a B-scan ultrasound (US), photoacoustic (PA), and their merged images of the brain tumor region before and at 1, 3, and 5 h after intravenous injection of MoS2-ICG. The ultrasound images were used to delineate the scalp and skull of the mouse. The photoacoustic signals in the red circles show the accumulation and distribution of MoS2-ICG within the brain glioma. b Quantification results of photoacoustic signals in the tumor region at different time points before and after MoS2-ICG injection
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    a Representative H&E-stained images of the major organs including the heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney collected from control group mice and mice treated with MoS2-ICG. b, c Blood analysis of MoS2-ICG treated group mice. WBC: number of white blood cells; RBC: number of red blood cells; MPV: mean platelet volume; MCH: mean corpuscular hemoglobin; HGB: concentration of hemoglobin; HCT: hematocrit; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; MCHC: mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; PLT: platelets

• Nanostructured Graphene Surfaces Promote Different Stages of Bone Cell Differentiation

  F.F. Borghi1,2,3, P.A. Bean2, M.D.M. Evans2, T. van der Laan4,5, S. Kumar4,5, K. Ostrikov1,4,5,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 47
  First Online: 20 March 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0198-0

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    SEM images of the graphene-like samples. a CNW and b HGL nanostructures on Thermanox™ coverslips. These images show the clearly visible edges of the CNWs and the edges of the horizontally aligned CNWs
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    Raman spectroscopy of the CNW (in red) and HGL (in black) samples. Both spectra feature the graphene peaks at about 1350, 1580, and 2690 cm-1. The shoulder peaks at ~1620 cm-1 in the spectra, which are related to thicker graphene sheets, are more evident on the CNW sample (A color version of this figure can be viewed online)
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    Photographs used for contact angle measurements of a uncoated ThermanoxTM, and ThermanoxTM coated with b HGL or c CNWs. These images show the effect on the surface due to the presence of the nanostructures, turning more hydrophilic as a result of the horizontally aligned CNW structures (60°) and less hydrophilic because of the CNW edges (89°)
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    Proliferation assay showing the growth of Saos-2 cells on the CNW, HGL, and control surfaces over a 7-day period, as measured by MTT assay (based on triplicate samples of each surface at each of the three-time points, with outcomes normalized against the cell viability level on TCPS at 7 days)
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    Representative fluorescent images showing the morphology of Saos-2 cells stained with phalloidin and attached to the a-b CNW surface@24 h (×20 and ×40), c-d CNW surface@48 h (×20 and ×40), e-f HGL@24 h (×20 and ×40), g-h HGL@48 h (×20 and ×40), i-j uncoated Thermanox@24 h (×20 and ×40), and k-l uncoated Thermanox@48 h (×20 and ×40). All scale bars are 10 µm. (A color version of this figure can be viewed online)
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    SEM images showing details of the cell interactions with the surfaces after 48 h of incubation. a A cell on the CNW surface exhibiting several elongated extensions connected to surrounding nanowalls, presented in detail in b. c A cell on the HGL surface presenting little interaction with the surface (arrow) but on some nanofeatures, presented in detail in d
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    Outcomes of the differentiation/mineralization assays showing the production of ALP by cells attached to the graphene and control surfaces. Data are based on the mean (± standard deviation) of triplicate wells for each surface, corrected for cell density (as measured by MTT assay conducted in parallel with the differentiation assay)
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    Outcomes of the differentiation/mineralization assay showing the production of calcium by cells attached to the graphene and control surfaces. Data are based on the mean (± standard deviation) of triplicate wells for each surface, corrected for cell density (as measured by MTT assay conducted in parallel with the differentiation assay)

• Low-Temperature Soft-Cover-Assisted Hydrolysis Deposition of Large-Scale TiO2 Layer for Efficient Perovskite Solar Modules

  Jinjin He1, Enbing Bi1, Wentao Tang1, Yanbo Wang1, Xudong Yang1, 2, Han Chen1, 2,*, Liyuan Han1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 49
  First Online: 04 April 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0203-7

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    Schematics of the steps in the SAH
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    a SEM and b AFM images of the TiO2 films obtained by SAH with a 0.4-M TiCl4 precursor solution. c XRD patterns and d XPS results of the TiO2 material scratched from the TiO2 film
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    Cross-sectional SEM images of the TiO2 films prepared at different concentrations of TiCl4 a 0.2 M, b 0.4 M, and c 0.6 M. Panels a–c have the same scale-bar of 100 nm. d Average resistance between Ag spots on TiO2 layers prepared using different concentrations of TiCl4
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    J–V characteristics of PSCs using different concentrations of TiCl4 to prepare the electron transport layer
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    UV–Vis light absorption spectra of 9 pieces of 2 × 2 cm2 TiO2 films obtained by a SC and b SAH. PCE distribution histogram of 45 c SC-TiO2-based PSCs and d SAH-TiO2-based PSCs. The films and PSCs were fabricated on the 9 sub-areas divided along the white dashed lines on the SC and SAH TiO2 films (6 × 6 cm2)
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    a Photograph of the backside of the perovskite module consisting of 6 sub-cells with a total aperture area of 16 cm2. b J–V curves of the solar module measured in forward and reverse modes under a simulated solar light of AM 1.5G and 100 mW cm-2

• Bi2Se3/C Nanocomposite as a New Sodium-Ion Battery Anode Material

  Lixin Xie1, Ze Yang1, Jingying Sun1, Haiqing Zhou1, Xiaowei Chi2, Hailong Chen3, Andy X. Li4, Yan Yao2, Shuo Chen1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 50
  First Online: 04 April 2018 (Communication)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0201-9

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    a XRD patterns of as-synthesized Bi2Se3 and Bi2Se3/C. b The diffraction pattern of Bi2Se3. c Low- and d high-resolution TEM images of Bi2Se3. e Low- and f high-resolution TEM images of Bi2Se3/C. g Scanning TEM (STEM) image and its corresponding elemental (Bi, Se, and C) mappings
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    Studies of electrochemical properties of the Bi2Se3/C anode for SIBs. a CV curves of the Bi2Se3/C anode at 0.1 mV s−1. b Cyclic performance of Bi2Se3/C and Bi2Se3 anodes at 0.1 A g−1 and the related Coulombic efficiency of Bi2Se3/C anode. c Discharge/charge profiles and d rate performance of Bi2Se3/C anode at different current densities
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    a dQ/dV plots for the first two cycles and b Ex-situ XRD results of the Bi2Se3/C anode
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    High-resolution XPS spectra a C 1s and b F 1s of the Bi2Se3/C electrode before and after one cycle
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    a EIS spectra for Bi2Se3 and Bi2Se3/C anodes before and after five cycles. b CV curves of the Bi2Se3/C anode at different scan rates. c-d b-value fitted by the relationship of the logarithm peak currents and logarithm scan rates

• Computational Study of Ternary Devices: Stable, Low-Cost, and Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

  Sajid Sajid 1, Ahmed Mourtada Elseman 2, Jun Ji1, Shangyi Dou1, Dong Wei1, Hao Huang1, Peng Cui1, Wenkang Xi1, Lihua Chu1, Yingfeng Li1, Bing Jiang1, Meicheng Li1,*	Abstract | PDF w/ Links Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 51
  First Online: 09 April 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0205-5

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    a Schematic cross-section of of p-i-n perovskite solar cells. b Energy band diagram of the corresponding heterojunctions. c Charge generation, separation, and extraction processes. d Simulated J–V characteristic curves under AM1.5G illumination at 100 mW cm−2 irradiance
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    a Simulated values of carrier recombination and generation rates in MAPbX (MA = CH3NH3, X = I3, I2Br or Br3) layers designed with Cu:NiOx (HTM) and ZnO (ETM). b–d Simulated J–V characteristic curves for different defect densities in the absorber film
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    a Variation (simulated) of PCE obtained as a function of thickness of photoactive materials. b Variation (simulated) of PCE as a function of operating temperature. c–d Variation (simulated) of photovoltaic parameters as a function of bandgap energy in perovskite materials

• Triboelectric–Electromagnetic Hybrid Generator for Harvesting Blue Energy

  Huiyun Shao1, #, Ping Cheng1, #, Ruixuan Chen1, 2, #, Lingjie Xie1, Na Sun1, Qingqing Shen1, Xiaoping Chen1, Qianqian Zhu1, Yi Zhang1, Yina Liu3, Zhen Wen1,*, Xuhui Sun1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2018) 10: 54
  First Online: 04 May 2018 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0207-3

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    Structure of the triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid generator (TEHG). a Schematic illustration of the as-fabricated TEHG, which consists of five contact–separation-mode triboelectric nanogenerators (CS-TENGs) and five rotary freestanding-mode electromagnetic generators (RF-EMGs). Detailed schematic illustration of b a CS-TENG and d a RF-EMG. c SEM image of the polymer nanowires on the PTFE film (scale bar: 1 μm). e Tilted-view photograph of an as-fabricated TEHG (scale bar: 3 cm). Cross-sectional view of the TEHG f when the rotary magnets are aligned with copper coils and g when the rotary magnets gradually move away
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    Schematics of the operating principle of the TEHG. a Initial state. b Current generation process of the RF-EMG. c The rotary magnet is aligned to copper coil. d The rotary magnet gradually moves away. e The CS-TENG completely recovers its shape. f Another magnet approaches the CS-TENG unit
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    Electrical output performance of each functional component of the TEHG. Voc and Isc of a five RF-EMGs connected in series and b five CS-TENGs connected in parallel at a rotation speed ranging from 20 to 100 rpm. c Dependence of the output current on the rotation rate of the TEHG. Dependence of the average power of d the RF-EMGs and e the CS-TENGs on the external load resistances. f The words “TENG” and “EMG”, made up from LEDs, were lighted (scale bar: 5 cm).
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    Distinctive and combined performances of the RF-EMG and CS-TENG. Measured voltages of a 33-μF capacitor charged by a the RF-EMGs and b the CS-TENGs at a rotation speed ranging from 20 to 100 rpm. Measured voltages of a 33-μF commercial capacitor charged by the TEHG under two different working conditions: c at 40 rpm and d at 100 rpm. The inset shows the circuit diagrams. e Circuit diagram of a self-powered water-temperature sensing system. f Photograph of the self-powered water-temperature sensing system, including the TEHG, rectifier, capacitors, and electronic thermometer (scale bar: 4 cm)