Volume 12, (2020)

• Interfacial Voids Trigger Carbon-Based, All-Inorganic CsPbIBr2 Perovskite Solar Cells with Photovoltage Exceeding 1.33 V

  Weidong Zhu1,*, Zeyang Zhang1, Dandan Chen2, Wenming Chai1, Dazheng Chen1, Jincheng Zhang1, Chunfu Zhang1,*, Yue Hao1	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 87
  First Online: 06 April 2020 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-020-00425-1

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    Schematic procedures for preparation of CsPbIBr2 film with interfacial voids
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    a XPS survey spectra of as-prepared and in situ redissolved CsPbIBr2 films annealed at 100 °C and 280 °C, b corresponding core-level N 1s XPS spectra, c TGA heating curve of PEAI powder expressed as weight% as a function of applied temperature, d DSC curve of PEAI powder
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    Top-view and cross-sectional SEM images of CsPbIBr2 films deposited on FTO/TiO2 substrates: a, c without and b, d with loading of PEAI species
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    a XRD patterns and b UV–vis absorption spectra of CsPbIBr2 films without and with interfacial voids, c steady-state PL spectra and d TRPL curves of CsPbIBr2 films without and with interfacial voids on insulating glass substrates instead of FTO/TiO2 substrates
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    a Schematic layer stacking of carbon-based, all-inorganic CsPbIBr2 PSC, b typical J–V curves of the PSCs employed CsPbIBr2 films prepared with different concentrations of PEAI solutions, c statistic PCEs and dVoc distributions of 20 independent PSCs based on CsPbIBr2 films without and with interfacial voids, eJ–V curves, f EQE spectra, and g steady-state photocurrent outputs of the champion PSCs based on CsPbIBr2 films without and with interfacial voids. Time-dependent variations of PCEs of the un-encapsulated PSC based on CsPbIBr2 film with interfacial voids in h glovebox atmosphere and i ambient condition
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    a Dark J–V curves, b the dependence of Voc on light intensity, c TPC curves, and d TPV curves for the PSCs based on CsPbIBr2 films without and with interfacial voids, e Nyquist plots and f M–S plots of the same cells

• 2D Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets and Their Derivatives Toward Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction

  Xueyi Lu1, #, Hairong Xue1, #, Hao Gong1, Mingjun Bai1, Daiming Tang1, Renzhi Ma1, *, Takayoshi Sasaki1, *	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 86
  First Online: 06 April 2020 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-020-00421-5

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    a Typical structure model of LDHs and in-plane cation arrangement. b OER mechanisms in acid (blue) and alkaline (red) conditions.
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    TEM and SEM images of four different LDH nanosheets prepared by pulsed laser ablation. a, e Zn-Al LDH, b, f Co-Fe LDH, c, g Co-Al LDH, d, h Mg-Fe LDH.
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    a, b SEM and c, d TEM images of Zn-Co-LDH nanosheets. e Height profile and f the 3D PF-AFM images of Zn-Co-LDH nanosheets prepared by microwave irradiation.
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    a Suggested scheme for preparing exfoliated MgAl-LDHs nanosheets. b, c Digital graphs of MgAl LDHs suspension with different content of H2O2 and the corresponding XRD patterns. d Schematic illustration of the nucleation and growth of LDH platelets.
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    a Delamination process of a surfactant intercalated LDH by toluene. b, c Photograph and Tyndall effect of Co-Al LDH dispersion exfoliated by toluene. d Test tube inversion test demonstrating the formation of toluene gels for dispersion of Mg-Al LDH (i), Co-Al LDH (ii), Ni-Al LDH (iii) and Zn-Al LDH (iv). e The Co-Al LDH dispersion exfoliated by toluene after 7 days. f-j Delamination process, low and high magnification SEM images, photograph and XRD pattern of the Co-Al-CO3 LDH sample and the suspension. k Photographs of nanosheet suspensions of the Co1-x-Nix LDHs (x=0, 0.25, 0.33 and 0.5) and the corresponding AFM images.
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    a Schematic illustration of the water-plasma-enabled exfoliation process of CoFe LDH nanosheets. b Illustration of the exfoliation process of bulk CoFe LDH into nanosheets by N2 plasma. c AFM image of the bulk CoFe LDH. d-f AFM images and XRD pattern of the ultrathin N-CoFe LDH nanosheets. g The synthesis of NiFe LDHs-VFe and NiFe LDH-VNi by strong alkali etching LDHs.
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    a SEM images, b TEM images of NiFe LDH@Au/Ni foam. c LSV curves of as-prepared catalysts at 1 mV s-1 in 1.0 M KOH. d TEM image, e HAADF-STEM image of sAu/NiFe LDH. f Cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves of the catalysts at 5 mV s-1 with 95% iR-compensation in 1 M KOH. g Overpotential (η) at 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope of pure NiFe LDH and sAu/NiFe LDH. h Differential charge densities of NiFe LDH supported with and without Au atom.
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    a TEM and SAED images (inset of a), b and c HRTEM images of Co–Fe LDH decorated with Co–Fe hydroxide NPs. d CV curves of the three catalysts at 20 mV s-1 in 0.1 M phosphate buffer. e TEM image and HRTEM image (inset of e) of CQD. f SEM image, g TEM image, h HETEM image of the CQD/NiFe-LDH hybrid. i LSV curves of as-prepared catalysts at 5 mV s-1 in 0.1 M KOH. j Schematic model of the roles of CQDs in the CQD/NiFe-LDH hybrid catalyst.
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    a Schematic diagrams of the NiFe-LDH/CNT hybrid architecture and LDH crystal structure. b SEM image of NiFe-LDH/CNT hybrid catalyst. c 95% iR-corrected LSV curves of the three catalysts at 5 mV s-1 in 0.1 and 1 M KOH. d Fabrication process, e SEM image of FeNi-GO LDHs. f LSV curves of the catalysts at 5 mV s-1 in 1 M KOH. g Onset potentials and potentials at 10 mA cm-2 of the as-prepared catalysts during the OER process. h TOF values of the catalysts as a function of overpotential and TOF values at an overpotential of 0.3 V (inset of h).
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    a TEM image and HRTEM image (inset of a) of nNiFe LDH/NGF catalyst. b 95% iR-corrected LSV curves of the catalysts at 5 mV s-1 in 0.1 M KOH. c Tafel plots of the different catalysts for comparison. d Schematic diagram of the spatially confined nNiFe LDH/NGF hybrids. e Schematic diagram of the fabrication of NiFe LDH-NS@DG hybrid. AFM images of f exfoliated NiFe LDH-NS and g DG. h TEM image of NiFe LDH-NS@DG catalyst. i iR-corrected LSV curves of as-prepared catalysts at 5 mV s-1 in 1 M KOH and their overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 (inset of i).
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    a Process of hetero-assembling Ni-Fe LDH nanosheets and graphene for water splitting. b XRD patterns of Ni2/3Fe1/3-NS/GO superlattice (i) and rGO (ii). c, d TEM and HRTEM images of the superlattice. e-j Electrochemical evaluation of the NiFe LDH/GO and NiFe LDH/rGO superlattices.
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    a Synthesis process, b, c cross-sectional-TEM images, d FE-SEM images and e EDS elemental mappings of NiAl LDH/MoS2 and NiFe LDH/MoS2. f Schematic illustration of the electrocatalytic mechanism of water splitting on the interface of MoS2/LDH superlattice.
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    a Schematic diagram of the preparation of FeNi-LDH/Ti3C2-MXene hybrids. b SEM image, c TEM image, d-f HRTEM images of FeNi-LDH/Ti3C2-MXene. g density of states (DOS), h projected DOS (PDOS) of different samples. i LSV curves of as-prepared catalysts at 10 mV s-1 in 1 M KOH.
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    a Schematic diagram of the fabrication of 3DGN/CoAl-NS. b TEM image and SAED pattern (inset of b bottom) of the exfoliated CoAl-NS, the inset (top) of b is photograph showing Tyndall effect of CoA-l-NSs solution under irradiation. c TEM image of 3DGN/CoAl-NS. d LSV curves of the catalysts at 1 mV s-1 in 1 M KOH. e-g SEM image and optical image (inset of e), h TEM image of NG-NiCo. i LSV curves of three catalysts at 50 mV s-1 in 0.1 M KOH. j Tafel plots for as-prepared samples. k i-t curve of NG-NiCo at 0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl.
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    a Schematic diagram of the preparation process of CoNi-LDH@PCPs. b Formation mechanism of hollow CoNi-LDH arrays. c SEM images (1-3) and HRTEM images (5-6) of CoNi-LDH@PCPs, and photograph (4) of triangle biscuits. d STEM image (1) and mapping images of CoNi-LDH arrays. e LSV curves of the different CoNi-LDH@PCPs catalysts at 1 mV s−1 in 1 M KOH. f Tafel plots of the different CoNi-LDH@PCPs catalysts.
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    a Schematic diagram of the fabrication process of FeNi-LDH/CoP/CC composite electrodes. b SEM image, c, d HRTEM images and SAED pattern (inset of c) of FeNi-LDH/CoP NSs. e The energy diagrams of CoP and FeNi-LDH and the electrocatalytic mechanism for OER in the FeNi-LDH/CoP/CC p-n junction. f LSV curves of the different CoNi-LDH@PCPs catalysts at 5 mV s-1 in 1 M KOH. g Tafel plots of the different catalysts. h TOF at different overpotentials.

• Comprehensive Insight into the Mechanism, Material Selection and Performance Evaluation of Supercapatteries

  Balasubramaniam Saravanakumar1, ‡, Ankita Mohanty1, ‡, Suresh Kannan Balasingam2, Sang Jae Kim3, Ananthakumar Ramadoss1, *	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 85
  First Online: 04 April 2020 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-020-0413-7

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    a Ragone plot of various electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices. b Schematic illustration of charge storage mechanisms of EDL capacitor with a carbon electrode. c Representation of EDLC structures: Helmholtz model, Gouy-Chapman model and Gouy-Chapman-Stern model. Schematic representation of the charge storage mechanisms in pseudocapacitor; d Intercalation (bulk redox), and e surface redox
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    Typical cyclic voltammetry profiles of a capacitor electrode (EDLC [IL-CMG film] and pseudocapacitance [RuO2/IL-CMG film]). b Battery-type electrode (Ni foam- Co3O4 NW arrays). c Composite electrode (EDLC + Pseudocapacitive composite electrode). d composite electrode (supercapattery [Co3O4@rGO]: EDLC [rGO] + Battery [Co3O4] composite electrode) in a three-electrode configuration.
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    Typical cyclic voltammetry curves of different device configuration: a symmetric supercapacitor (EDLC {Graphene} and Pseudocapacitive {Graphene oxide}). b Asymmetric supercapacitor (EDLC{Graphene}║Pseudocapacitive {MnO2-DMF & MnO2-Et}). c Asymmetric supercapacitor (EDLC {AC_CNTs}║EDLC + Pseudocapacitive {graphene/ MnO2¬_CNTs}). d Asymmetric supercapacitor (EDLC+ Pseudocapacitive {Fe2O3/CFs}║EDLC + Pseudocapacitive{MnO2/CFs}). e Hybrid supercapacitor/supercapattery (EDLC║Battery-type). f supercapattery (Pseudocapacitive {Fe2O3 nanowires}║Battery-type {NiO nanoflakes}).
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    a CV curve for Ni2P and BDAC at 5 mV s-1. b CV and c Galvanostatic charge/discharge curves for asymmetric supercapacitors (Ni2P║BDAC). d Schematic representation of the SWCNT/PANI symmetric device. Inset is the digital image of the fabricated device and TEM image of SWCNT/PANI. e CVs of SWCNT/PANI at various PANI deposition time. f CV profiles of SWCNT/PANI device versus scan rates. g Galvanostatic charge/discharge curves of SWCNT/PANI at different PANI deposition time.
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    a CV, and b galvanostatic charge/discharge curves of onion-like carbon (OLC) and OLC/MnO2 symmetric cell at 5 mV s-1. The inset is the TEM and SAED pattern of OLC/MnO2. c Schematic illustration of CNT@Ni(OH)2║3DGN asymmetric device, d CV, and e galvanostatic charge-discharge profiles of CNT@Ni(OH)2║3DGN asymmetric device. f Specific capacitance versus current densities.
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    a The potential window of the various redox active materials (pseudocapacitive and battery type) in aqueous electrolyte. b Schematic representation of electrode fabrication of α-Fe2O3@PANI nanowires. FE-SEM images of c α-Fe2O3 and d α-Fe2O3@PANI e TEM image of α-Fe2O3@PANI. f Schematic representation of asymmetric supercapacitors, and g CV curves of PANI@CC and α-Fe2O3@PANI electrodes at 100 mV s-1.
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    a Schematic illustration of synthesis of NiCo-MOF/AB composite. b Cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve of pure nickel foam, NiCo-MOF and NiCo-MOF/AB composite at a scan rate 50 mV s-1. c Schematic diagram of supercapattery device NiCo-MOF/AB║AC. d CV curves of NiCo-MOF/AB composite and AC.
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    a Schematic illustration of detailed synthesis process of NiCo2S4/MXene composite. b-d SEM images of NiCo2S4 (sisal-like), and e-g MXene/NiCo2S4 composite at different magnifications. h Pictorial showing the model of supercapattery device NiCo2S4/MXene║AC, i individual CV curves of NiCo2S4/MXene and activated carbon at 20 mV s-1.
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    a Graphical representation of work function of various transition metal oxides. b The relationship between the electrochemical potential window and the shift of work function during charging process. TEM images of c aCF-Fe2O3, and d aCF-NiCo-DH active materials. e Cyclic voltammetry, and f galvanostatic charge/discharge curves of the aCF-NiCo-DH║ aCF-Fe2O3 asymmetric device in 2 M KOH aqueous electrolyte. g Specific capacitance and IR drop versus current density. h Comparison of energy density and specific capacitance with the previous reports. i Cyclic stability test of the aCF-NiCo-DH║aCF-Fe2O3 asymmetric device.
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    a Schematic representation of synthesis process of NiCo-MnO2 nanocomposite b CV, and c galvanostatic charge/discharge curves of NiCo-MnO2║C-FP supercapattery device at a various scan rates and current densities. d Specific capacity/capacitance versus current density. e Ragone plots of the supercapattery device.
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    a Schematic illustration of detailed step by step synthesis of NiCo2S4/Co9S8 hollow spheres. b, c SEM image of NiCo2S4/Co9S8 from different angles showing hollow spheres. d Cyclic voltammetry curve of activated carbon and NiCo2S4/Co9S8 in one graph. e Cyclic voltammetry curve of supercapattery device (NiCo2S4/Co9S8║AC) at different scan rates. f Galvanostatic charge-discharge curve of supercapattery device at different current densities. g Rate capability of supercapattery device.
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    SEM image of a Top view and b Cross section view, c TEM, and d HRTEM image of α-Co(OH)2 nanosheets. CV curves of α-Co(OH)2 nanosheets at e low scan rate and f high scan rate in 6 M KOH electrolyte. g Areal capacitance and gravimetric capacity of α-Co(OH)2 at different current densities. h Individual CV plots of α-Co(OH)2 and rGO aerogel. i CV, j GCD curve, and k areal capacitance and gravimetric capacitance at various current densities of supercapattery device α-Co(OH)2║rGOae.

• Low-Temperature Aging Provides 22% Efficient Bromine–free and Passivation Layer-free Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

  Xin Wang1, Luyao Wang1, Tong Shan2, Shibing Leng1, Hongliang Zhong2, Qinye Bao3, Zheng-Hong Lu4, *, Lin-Long Deng5, *, Chun-Chao Chen1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 84
  First Online: 03 April 2020 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-020-00418-0

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    a Schematic representation of the film crystallization process of an LTAG-based FAMAPbI3 perovskite layer. b XRD patterns of the as-formed films obtained using the control process and the LTAG method. &, α, δ,  Mean characteristic diffraction signals of the PbI2, black perovskite, yellow perovskite phases and intermediate phase, respectively. c FTIR spectrum of the as-formed film powers using the control process and the LTAG method and for post-annealed FAMAPbI3 film. d XRD patterns of annealed perovskite layers prepared without (control) and with LTAG treatment (at 30, 50, and 70 °C)
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    Top-view SEM images of post-deposition annealed perovskite films: a control sample without aging, b LTAG-30 treated sample, c LTAG-50 treated sample, and d LTAG-70 treated sample. Cross-sectional SEM images of e control and f LTAG-30 treated device; The scale bars: 1 μm (a-d); 500 nm (e, f)
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    a J–V curves of devices prepared using the LTAG method (at 30, 50, and 70 °C), compared with that of the control device. b J–V curves recorded from reverse and forward scans for the control device and the LTAG-30 solar cell. c Distributions of PCEs measured from the control and LTAG-30 devices. d J–V curve of the best-performing LTAG-30 perovskite solar cell. e EQE spectrum and integrated value of Jsc of the best-performing LTAG-30 device. f Stabilized current density and power output of the best-performing LTAG-30 device, measured close to the maximum power point
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    a Steady state PL spectra of annealed perovskite layers prepared without (control) and with LTAG treatment at 30 °C. b TRPL spectra of the control and LTAG-based perovskite films. c Nyquist plots for the control and LTAG-based perovskite devices in the dark. d Current–voltage curves and extracted defect densities of electron-only devices prepared using the control and LTAG-based methods; insets: the single-carrier device structures
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    a, b AFM phase images and c, d 2D surface potential spatial maps of a, c the control perovskite film and b, d the perovskite film prepared through LTAG at 30 °C

• Nanoscale All-Oxide-Heterostructured Bio-inspired Optoresponsive Nociceptor

  Mohammad Karbalaei Akbari1, 2, *, Jie Hu3, Francis Verpoort4, Hongliang Lu5, Serge Zhuiykov1, 2, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 83
  First Online: 01 April 2020 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-020-00419-z

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    The scheme of human eye receptor and nociceptor system. a Human brain as decision making unit receives the informative signals from b human eye and its sensory components including the c light receptors and nociceptors in Retina section. d Typical nociceptor with its components. e Typical schematic representation of a natural synapse and f its artificial counterparts in conductor/semiconductor/conductor sandwiched configuration
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    Schematic of RTA treatment accompanied by characterization results of ultra-thin heterostructured films. a Graphical scheme for RTA of 5 nm thick gallium oxide film in Ar and N2 atmosphere. b Typical Raman characteristics of RTA treated gallium oxide films in Ar and N2 atmosphere,y c Raman shifts and d FE-SEM microstructural observations. e Photoluminescence spectra of as-deposited and RTA treated gallium oxide films. f Comparative diagram of Eg of selected two-dimensional (2D) metal nitrides accompanied by the results of present study
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    The results of electrical conductivity measurements and graphical scheme of phase transformation of gallium oxide film during RTA treatment and their XPS measurements. a Conductivity variation of gallium oxide thin-films after RTA in Ar and N2 atmosphere. The conductivity was measured after quenching of samples from high temperatures. b-d Graphically demonstrate the phase transformation in gallium oxide films during RTA treatment. The as-deposited films are amorphous until the crystallization temperature at which the nucleation of crystalline stoichiometric Ga2O3 nucleus sites occurs [10]. It is accompanied by the increase of Ga excess in remained amorphous phase and the evolution of conductivity of thin-films
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    XPS core level spectra and VBM of N2 doped Ga2O3 films. a RTA process is resulted in the alteration of bandgap alignment in gallium oxide films where a higher RTA temperature in N2 atmosphere was accompanied by the increase of VBM. b Analytical analysis of O 1s XPS characteristics of samples, c variation of percentage of Ga-O bonding and oxygen vacancy in RTA samples. d XPS characteristics of Ga 3d and e N 1s in RTA samples
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    The electrical characterization of fabricated memristor devices accompanied by the characterization of resistive behavior of them. a Typical I-V curves of Pt/TiO2-Ga2O3/Au and Pt/TiO2-Ga2O3 (Ar-600 °C)/Au, b Pt/TiO2-Ga2O3 (N2-450 °C)/Au, c Pt/TiO2-Ga2O3 (N2-600 °C)/Au memristor devices for three cycles. d Logarithmic scale I-V characteristics for two cyclic voltammetry of Pt/TiO2-Ga2O3 (N2-600 °C)/Au memristor devices. e Logarithmic scale of (I/V2) vs. the (I/V) curves of the same device. The transition from direct tunneling to F-N tunneling is depicted. f ΔEc of fabricated heterostructured memristor devices
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    a Schematic band diagram for charge transfer from TiO2 to Ga2O3 (N2) devices. b KPFM analysis monitors the surface potential of memristor device between Au and Pt electrodes for a horizontally developed TiO2-Ga2O3 heterostructure. The scanning area was 1 μm2. The bright area represents the electron trap regions and the dark area depicts the hole trap regions. c Raman spectra of TiO2 film of memristor device in zero bias and HRS mode
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    The photoinduced nociceptive behavior of devices. a The light-intensity dependence photoresponse of ITO/TiO2-Ga2O3/Au devices under 0.1 V bias showing the threshold and saturation characteristics. b Comparison of the typical photoresponse of various memristor devices showing the effect of heterointerface engineering on threshold and saturation characteristics of fabricated memristor devices. The ITO/TiO2-Ga2O3 (N2-600 °C)/Au nociceptive device shows the highest threshold values among various heterostructured devices. c Relaxation characteristics of ITO/TiO2-Ga2O3 (N2-600 °C )/Au nociceptive device under 35 μW cm-2 pulsed laser (360 nm) illumination. d The effect of light frequency on relaxation time of nociceptor devices. e Allodynia characteristics of ITO/TiO2-Ga2O3 (Ar)/Au devices. f Allodynia and hyperalgesia of ITO/TiO2-Ga2O3 (Ar)/Au devices

• 3D N, O-codoped Egg-box-like Carbons with Tuned Channels for High Areal Capacitance Supercapacitors

  Feng Wei1, Xiaojun He1, *, Lianbo Ma2, Hanfang Zhang1, Nan Xiao3, Jieshan Qiu4, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 82
  First Online: 01 April 2020 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-020-00416-2

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    FESEM images of a EBC750, b EBC800 and c EBC850; TEM images of d EBC750, e EBC800 and f EBC850; g FESEM image and corresponding EDS mappings of EBC800
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    a Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, b pore size distribution curves c XRD patterns, d Raman spectra, e survey XPS spectra of EBCs; f high-resolution XPS spectrum at N1s region of EBC800
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    Synthetic scheme of EBCs from CTP using carbon cloth as the directing template combined with in-situ K2CO3 activation
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    Schematic of ion transport and electron conduction in 3D EBC electrodes
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    Electrochemical performance of EBC electrodes in a three-electrode system in 6 M KOH electrolyte: a CV profiles at 5 mV s-1; b GCD curves at 0.212 mA cm-2; c areal capacitance at various current densities; and d gravimetric capacitance versus t1/2
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    a GCD curves of EBC electrodes at 1 A g-1; b areal capacitance of EBC electrodes at various current densities; c capacitance retention and coulombic efficiency of EBC800-based SC after 50,000 cycles at 10.75 mA cm-2; d Ragone plots of EBC capacitors; e Nyquist plots of EBC electrodes; and f Bode plots of phase angle versus frequency

• Structure, Performance and Application of BiFeO3 Nanomaterials

  Nan Wang1, 5, Xudong Luo2, Lu Han2, *, Zhiqiang Zhang3, Renyun Zhang4, Håkan Olin4, Ya Yang1, 5, 6, *	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 81
  First Online: 28 March 2020 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-020-00420-6

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    Various forms of BFO based nanomaterials. a-d Photographs and SEM images of the BFO ceramic. e-h SEM images of BFO thin films. The morphologies of different BFO nanostructures including i nanodots, j nanofibers, k nanosheets, i nanoplate, m nanotubes, n nanoislands, o nanoparticles, and p nanowires.
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    Structures of BFO and factors which influence the structure. a Schematic of structures of BFO unit cells. b1 Schematic of a G-type antiferromagnet. Spins are ferromagnetically aligned in the (111) plane, b2 schematically illustrating that the weak magnetization induced by canting spin cycloid structure. c Lattice parameters of BFO crystal structures with different strains in thin films. d Proposed phase diagram for rare-earth substituted BFO thin films. e Phase diagram of the BFO-BTO system.
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    Ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of BFO nanomaterials. a, b A ferroelectric hysteresis loop and d33 measured at an epitaxial BFO thin film. c Polarization hysteresis loop changes with the the average A-site ionic radius changed for rare-earth substituted BFO thin films. d Piezoelectric coefficient d33 for rare-earth substituted BFO films. e The piezoelectric properties of 0.67BF-0.33BT when a third ABO3 compound was added.
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    Magnetic properties of BFO nanomaterials. a Size effect for Magnetic response of BFO nanostructure. b1 Three-dimensional illustration of the change of the magnetic energy landscape with different strain states. b2 The angle of antiferromagnetic axis and the polarization with the strain. c Single-domain behavior in both magnetism and ferroelectricity for BFO thin film. c1 Schematic diagram of the magnetization and ferroelectric polarization axes in a Co/BFO heterostructure. c2 Magnetic hysteresis loop of the heterostructure (red and blue circles represent the magnetic field along a axis and b axis respectively).
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    Optical properties of BFO nanomaterials. a Photovoltaic responses of the La-substituted BFO films. b Current density for both the BFO and Mn-BFO films. c Photocurrent distribution of BFO film. c1 Surface topography and c2 photocurrent distribution characterized under illumination. c3 Profile comparison between the photocurrent and surface morphology of the area marked by blue arrow in c1. d The photocurrent under different light intensity in heating and cooling states. e Output current as a function of temperature. f BFO nanomaterials with different morphologies show different photocatalytic activity.
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    Application for electric devices. a Ferroelectric switching and stability in BFO films. measured in argon. The applied voltages are +5 V and −5 V voltage. b A prototype nonvolatile ferroelectric domain wall memory device with a scale below 100 nm. c Ferroelectric memory device based on photovoltaic effect of BFO. Blue: polarization up, red: polarization down.
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    Application for spintronic andoptic devices. a A giant magnetoresistive device based BFO. b Exchange coupling between antiferromagnetic order and the ferromagnetic overlayer for BFO based spintronic devices. c Voltage controlled unidirectional anisotropy for CoFe/BFO heterostructure. A electrically switchable exchange bias is observed at the interface between the BFO and giant magnetoresistance. d, e Applications in photodetector. d1 Output current for ITO/BFO/Ag device. d2 The ITO/BFO/Ag photodetector array. e Photovoltaic performance of the BFO photodetector modulated by applying different temperatures.

• Heterojunction Incorporating Perovskite and Microporous Metal-Organic Framework Nanocrystals for Efficient and Stable Solar Cells

  Xuesong Zhou1, Lele Qiu1, Ruiqing Fan1, *, Jian Zhang1, Sue Hao1, Yulin Yang1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 80
  First Online: 28 March 2020 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-020-00417-1

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    Schematic diagram for fabricating n-i-p PSCs with the perovskite/In-BTC heterojunction as light-harvesting layer
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    SEM images of as-synthesized In-BTC samples with different particle sizes: a ~150 nm, b ~1 μm, and c ~5 μm. D The corresponding PXRD patterns
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    a TGA curve of In-BTC nanocrystals under air atmosphere (2 ℃ min-1). b PXRD patterns of In-BTC nanocrystals after thermal treatment at different temperatures. c Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm and d pore size distribution of the In-BTC nanocrystals. XPS e full spectra and f O 1s spectra of the pure In-BTC or the mixture of In-BTC and PbI2
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    a UV-vis absorption spectrum of In-BTC nanocrystals. b PL spectrum of In-BTC nanocrystals and the UV-vis absorption spectrum of perovskite film. c CV curve of In-BTC nanocrystals. d Energy level diagram of PSCs with perovskite/In-BTC heterojunction as the light-harvesting layers. e J-V curves for PSCs employing perovskite/In-BTC heterojunction with different addition concentrations of In-BTC nanocrystals. The inset shows the cross-view SEM image of PSCs. f Optimal and average PCE values obtained from 20 separated PSC devices
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    a PXRD patterns of pristine perovskite thin films and perovskite/In-BTC heterojunction films with different addition concentrations of In-BTC nanocrystals. b-d SEM images of corresponding films. e SEM-EDS images of optimal perovskite/In-BTC heterojunction film (2.0 mg mL-1)

• Mesoporous Ternary Nitrides of Earth Abundant Metals as Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalyst

  Ali Saad1, Hangjia Shen1, Zhixing Cheng1, Ramis Arbi3, Beibei Guo4, Lok Shu Hui3, Kunyu Liang3, Siqi Liu1, John Paul Attfield5, Ayse Turak3,*, Jiacheng Wang2, 4,*, Minghui Yang1, 2,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 79
  First Online: 26 March 2020 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-020-0412-8

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    Schematic illustration of the synthesis strategy for ordered mesoporous bimetal Ni3FeN through a nanocasting route
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    a Wide-angle XRD patterns of ordered mesoporous NiO, Ni3N, Ni3FeOx mixed-oxide, and Ni3FeN and their standard XRD JCPDS data. b Low-angle powder XRD patterns of KIT-6 and mesoporous materials replicated from KIT-6 silica. TEM images of c KIT-6 silica template along the [111] direction, d NiO, e Ni3FeOx, f Ni3N, and g Ni3FeN (inset: the corresponding particles sizes distributions); h HR-TEM of Ni3FeN (inset: the corresponding FFT)
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    XPS high-resolution scan of a Ni 2p, b Fe 2p, c N 1s, and d O 1s for various phases
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    a OER polarization curves in O2-saturated 1 M KOH (sweep rate: 5 mV s-1; rotation speed: 1600 rpm); b OER overpotentials at a current density of 10 mA cm–2, c Tafel plots, d Nyquist plots obtained at 270 mV overpotential on NiO, Ni3Fe mixed oxide, IrO2, RuO2, Ni3N, and Ni3FeN (inset shows the equivalent circuit)
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    a Cyclic voltammograms for Ni3FeN with a scan rate of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mV s−1 in 1 M KOH. b The capacitive current density at 0.12 V as a function of the scan rate for NiO, Ni3N, IrO2, Ni3FeOx and Ni3FeN electrocatalysts. c Chronopotentiometry of Ni3FeN and IrO2 at overpotential of 370 mV (inset shows polarization curves recorded for the catalysts before and after 2,000 cycles of CV scan. d Comparison of the electrocatalytic performance (Tafel slopes and the overpotentials reaching the current density of 10 mA cm-2) of mesoporous Ni3FeN with other nitrides reported recently
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    a Schematic illustration of a rechargeable Zn-air battery (ZAB) using FePc and mesoporous Ni3FeN as ORR and OER electrocatalysts in the air cathode, respectively (FePc not shown here); b Charge polarization curves for a battery with Ni3FeN+FePc and Pt/C+RuO2 as the air electrode catalysts; c, d Charge/discharge cycling of a rechargeable ZAB based on Ni3FeN+FePc and Pt/C+RuO2 at 10 mA cm−2. Only the charge curves were shown here to highlight the advantages of mesoporous Ni3FeN used as OER electrocatalysts in a rechargeable ZAB

• Partial Atomic Tin Nanocomplex Pillared Few-layered Ti3C2Tx for Superior Lithium-Ion Storage

  Shunlong Zhang1, ⊥, Hangjun Ying 1, ⊥, Bin Yuan2, 3, Renzong Hu2, 3, Wei-Qiang Han 1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 78
  First Online: 25 March 2020 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-020-0405-7

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    Schematic illustration of the preparation procedure of Sn nanocomplex pillared few-layered Ti3C2Tx (STCT) composites by etching, sonication, pre-pillaring and pillaring processes
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    XRD patterns of Ti3AlC2, Ti3C2Tx, CTAB-Ti3C2Tx, and STCT composites at different diffraction angle ranges. a 2 theta from 3o to 90 o. b 2 theta from 3o to 20o. c 2 theta from 20o to 80o
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    Characterization of few-layered Ti3C2Tx and STCT composites. a, b AFM images. c SEM image and d, e TEM images of few-layered Ti3C2Tx. f, g SEM images. h-k TEM images of STCT composites
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    XPS spectra of a Ti3C2Tx and STCT composites, b high-resolution Sn 3d spectrum of STCT, c-d thigh-resolution Ti 2p spectra of Ti3C2Tx and STCT e, f high-resolution O 1s spectra of Ti3C2Tx and STCT
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    Electrochemical results of STCT composites. a CV curves at 0.1 mV s-1. b Voltage-capacity curves of different cycles at 500 mA g-1. c Rate performance. d Rate performance comparison of different pillared MXenes-based anode materials reported recently (just focus on closely related pillared MXenes-based composites). e Cycle performance at 500 mA g-1. f Long-term performance at a high current density of 2000 mA g-1
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    a CV curves of STCT electrodes at different scan rates from 0.1 to 2 mV s-1. b Plots for log (i) versus log (v), where i is the peak current and v is the scan rate. c Capacitive contribution proportion compared with the total current response at 0.1 mA s-1. d Bar charts of the capacitive contribution proportion at different scan rates (from 0.1 to 2 mV s-1)

Volume 11 (2019)

• Recent Progress on Engineering Highly Efficient Porous Semiconductor Photocatalysts Derived from Metal–Organic Frameworks

  Wenwen Zhan1, Liming Sun1, Xiguang Han1,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 1
  First Online: 08 January 2019 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0235-z

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    Timeline of the important breakthroughs in the fabrication of MOF-derived photocatalysts for various reactions
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    a Schematic illustration of MOF-templated synthesis of Fe2O3@TiO2 and its use for photocatalytic hydrogen production after deposition of Pt particles; high-resolution TEM images of Fe2O3@TiO2, both b as-synthesized and c after Pt particles have been deposited. The scale bars represent 10 nm; d H2 produced by Fe2O3@TiO2 at various times over 48 h under visible-light illumination. The inset shows the amount of H2 produced over this period.
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    a–c TEM and HRTEM images of PHIC. d STEM image and EDXS elemental mapping of C, O, and In. e mass-normalized H2 yield rates over PHIC, PHI, and commercial In2O3 under sunlight illumination. f photocurrent densities of PHIC, PHI, and commercial In2O3 under non-illuminated (i.e., dark) and illuminated (i.e., light) conditions. g Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Nyquist plots of PHIC, PHI, and commercial In2O3. h mass-normalized H2 yield for 7 h over commercial In2O3, PHI, commercial In2O3 with Pt, PHI with Pt, and PHIC without Pt under simulated sunlight illumination.
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    a Schematic illustration of the synthesis of hierarchically porous metal oxides/sulfides templated by MOFs by a nanocasting process. b Photocurrent response and c EIS Nyquist plots for bulk CdS, nano-CdS as well as HP-CdS. d Comparison of the photocatalytic hydrogen production rates of bulk CdS, nano-CdS, and HP-CdS. e Catalytic recyclability of HP-CdS in hydrogen production by water splitting.
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    a Schematic illustration of the synthetic procedure for NiS/ZnxCd1−xS. b PXRD patterns of NiS/ZnxCd1−xS. c TEM image and particle size distribution (Fig. 2c inset) of NiS/Zn0.5Cd0.5S. d EELS elemental mapping images and e HRTEM image of NiS/Zn0.5Cd0.5S. f EIS plots, g photocurrent–time dependence, and h comparison of photocatalytic HER rates of NiS/ZnxCd1−xS; i HER cycling test for NiS/Zn0.5Cd0.5S under visible-light irradiation.
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    a Schematic illustration of the fabrication of Pt–ZnO–Co3O4, Pt–ZnS–CoS, and Pt–Zn3P2–CoP photocatalysts. a1–a3 TEM images of Pt–ZnO–Co3O4, Pt–ZnS–CoS, and Pt–Zn3P2–CoP. b1–b4 Photocatalytic hydrogen generation as the function of reaction time over different photocatalysts.
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    a Schematic illustration of the synthetic procedure of ZNGs and four types of bonding configurations of N atoms (1 graphitic N, 2 pyrrolic N, 3 pyridinic N, 4 pyridine-N-oxide). b Photocatalytic activities of ZNGs for H2 production with Pt as a cocatalyst. c Photocatalytic activity of ZNG-1000 under a prolonged light illumination for 12 h without Pt as a cocatalyst (inset: time course of the H2 evolution rate of ZNGs without Pt as a cocatalyst). d High-resolution TEM image of ZNG-1000.
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    a Low- and b high-magnification TEM images of Co3O4 hollow dodecahedra. c Low- and d high-magnification TEM images of CW-2 hollow dodecahedra. e HRTEM image of Co3O4 hollow dodecahedra (inset is the SAED pattern recorded for the whole particle). f HRTEM image of CW-2 hollow dodecahedra (inset is the SAED pattern recorded from the whole particle). g TOF and h transient photocurrent response of Co3O4 and CW-n under visible-light irradiation (from left to right: Co3O4, CW-1, CW-2, and CW-3).
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    a Schematic illustration of the synthetic process of the hierarchical In2S3–CdIn2S4 heterostructured nanotube: (I) liquid phase sulfidation and (II) cation exchange reaction. b, c TEM images of hierarchical In2S3 nanotubes. d Elemental mappings of an individual In2S3 nanotube. e–g TEM images of hierarchical In2S3–CdIn2S4-10 nanotubes. h Elemental mappings of a single In2S3–CdIn2S4-10 nanotube. i–n CO2 photoreduction performance. i Generation of CO and H2 over different samples. j Evolution of CO and H2 under various reaction conditions. k Results of GC–MS analysis of CO produced from 13CO2 isotope experiment. l Production of CO and H2 as a function of reaction time. m Formation of CO and H2 in stability tests. n Wavelength dependence of yields of CO and H2, and the light absorption spectrum of In2S3–CdIn2S4-10 photocatalyst.
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    Structure characterization of the core–shell cuboctahedron structure: a FESEM image, b and c TEM images, d SAED pattern, and e–g the corresponding HRTEM images. h STEM image of the core–shell cuboctahedron structure and the corresponding EDXS elemental mapping of C, Cu, N, and O and i line profiles. j Photocatalytic equation and reaction conditions. k Product yield correlation with reaction time in the CDC reaction between indole and N-aryl-tetrahydroisoquinoline catalyzed by different catalysts. l Cycling experiments using CNPC as the catalyst.
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    Structures of the three normal dye pollutants
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    SEM images of a ZIF-8, b ZnO-300-3, c ZnO-300-5, d ZnO-500-5, and e ZnO-750-5. f Photodegradation of MB over different catalysts. SEM images of g ZIF-8-derived pure ZnO and h N-doped ZnO. i Photodegradation of RhB by blank (absence of photocatalyst), pure ZnO, and N-doped ZnO with different ratios of urea and ZIF-8 as the precursors. SEM (j, k) and TEM (l, m) images of C350–400. j The calculated reaction rates k for RhB (n1) and phenol (n2) photodegradation under visible light (> 420 nm), k for RhB (n3) and phenol (n4) photodegradation under UV–Vis light (Xenon light)

• Bimetallic Nickel Cobalt Sulfide as Efficient Electrocatalyst for Zn–Air Battery and Water Splitting

  Jingyan Zhang1, Xiaowan Bai2, Tongtong Wang1, Wen Xiao3, Pinxian Xi4, Jinlan Wang2, Daqiang Gao1,*, John Wang3,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 2
  First Online: 09 January 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0232-2

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    a XRD spectra of (Ni,Co)S2, NiS2, and CoS2. b High-resolution XRD spectra with 2 theta angles ranging from 30.5° to 33.5°. c Raman spectra of (Ni,Co)S2, NiS2, and CoS2. d SEM image of (Ni,Co)S2. The insert is high-magnification SEM image. e TEM image, f, h HRTEM images, and g EDS spectrum of (Ni,Co)S2. i EDS mapping images of Ni, Co, and S elements in (Ni,Co)S2
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    High-resolution XPS spectra of a Co 2p, b Ni 2p, and c S 2p. d Density of states (DOS) curves of (Ni,Co)S2, NiS2, and CoS2. e Partial density of states (PDOS) curves of (Ni,Co)S2. Insert shows the optimized crystal structure of (Ni,Co)S2. f Charge density distribution of (Ni,Co)S2
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    a Polarization curves of (Ni,Co)S2, NiS2, CoS2, and Ir/C (20% Ir) at 5 mV s−1 in 0.1 M KOH. b Tafel slopes obtained from the corresponding polarization curves. c EIS of (Ni,Co)S2, NiS2, and CoS2. The inset is an analogue circuit diagram. d Cdl obtained by cyclic voltammetry at different scan rates. e I–t curves at 1.5 V versus RHE for 7 × 104 s. f Schematic of Gibbs free energy changes in the four elementary steps during OER on (100) surface of (Ni,Co)S2. g Proposed 4-step OER path presented using the model of (100) surface of (Ni,Co)S2
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    a ORR polarization curves of (Ni,Co)S2, NiS2, CoS2, and Pt/C (20% Pt) at 2 mV s−1 in 0.1 M KOH at 1600 rpm. b CVs of (Ni,Co)S2 in O2 and N2-saturated 0.1 M KOH solution. c ORR polarization curves of (Ni,Co)S2 at different rotation rates from 400 to 2400 rpm. The inset figure is the K–L plots. d RRDE polarization curves of (Ni,Co)S2 at 1600 rpm. The ring electrode was polarized at 1.5 V at a scan rate of 2 mV s−1. e Bifunctional electrocatalytic activities of various catalysts toward both ORR and OER
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    a Schematic illustration of rechargeable Zn–air battery. b Open cell voltage curve and c polarization and power density curves of (Ni,Co)S2-based primary Zn–air battery. d Galvanostatic discharge–charge cycling curves at 2 mA cm−2 of the rechargeable Zn–air battery. e Charge–discharge efficiency of the Zn–air battery at the beginning and end. f Long-time discharge curves of (Ni,Co)S2-based Zn–air battery at 5 mA cm−2. g Photograph of red LED powered by two (Ni,Co)S2-based Zn–air batteries. h Photographs of an electronic watch powered by the (Ni,Co)S2-based Zn–air battery
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    a HER polarization curves of (Ni,Co)S2, NiS2, and CoS2 at 5 mV s−1 in 0.1 M KOH. b Tafel slopes obtained from their polarization curves. c Schematic diagram of the self-assembled water-splitting system. d LSV curves of overall water splitting by (Ni,Co)S2 electrocatalyst in a two-electrode configuration at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1. e Two electrodes after water splitting powered by two in-series (Ni,Co)S2-based Zn–air batteries. f Time dependence of the mole quantities of H2 and O2 produced in the self-driven overall water-splitting unit

• Coral-Like Yolk–Shell-Structured Nickel Oxide/Carbon Composite Microspheres for High-Performance Li-Ion Storage Anodes

  Min Su Jo1, Subrata Ghosh2, Sang Mun Jeong2, Yun Chan Kang3,*, Jung Sang Cho1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 3
  First Online: 09 January 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0234-0

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    Morphologies of the as-prepared powders obtained by spray pyrolysis at different temperatures: a 300 °C, b 400 °C, c 500 °C, d 600 °C, e 700 °C, and f 800 °C
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    Morphologies of the as-prepared powders obtained from the solution containing Ni salt, PVP, and a without PS nanobeads, b with 10 g L−1, c 20 g L−1, d 40 g L−1, and e 80 g L−1 PS nanobeads
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    a, b, d FE-SEM images, c, e HR-TEM images, f SAED pattern, and g elemental mapping images of the CYS-Ni/NiO/C microspheres
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    XRD patterns of the a CYS-Ni/NiO/C and b CYS-NiO/C microspheres
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    a, b, d FE-SEM images, c, e HR-TEM images, f SAED pattern, and g elemental mapping images of the CYS-NiO/C microspheres
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    a Survey XPS, b Ni 2p XPS, c C 1s XPS and d Raman spectra, e N2 adsorption and desorption isotherms, and f BJH pore size distribution of the CYS-NiO/C microspheres
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    Formation mechanism of the coral-like yolk–shell-structured NiO/C composite microspheres
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    Electrochemical properties of the CYS-NiO/C, CYS-Ni/NiO/C, and hollow NiO microspheres for lithium-ion storage: a CV curves of the CYS-NiO/C microspheres, b 1st charge/discharge curves at the current density of 1.0 A g−1, c cycling performance at the current density of 1.0 A g−1, d rate performance of the CYS-NiO/C microspheres, and e long-term cycling performance of the CYS-NiO/C microspheres at the current density of 2.0 A g−1
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    a–c Nyquist impedance plots (lines represent fitting data) and d relationships between the real part of the impedance (Zre) and ω−1/2 of the CYS-NiO/C, CYS-Ni/NiO/C, and hollow NiO microspheres: a before cycling, b after the 1st cycle, c, d after the 200th cycle
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    Morphologies of a hollow NiO, b, c CYS-NiO/C, and d CYS-Ni/NiO/C microspheres after the 200th cycles: a, b, d FE-SEM images and c TEM images

• In Situ Coupling Strategy for Anchoring Monodisperse Co9S8 Nanoparticles on S and N Dual-Doped Graphene as a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Rechargeable Zn–Air Battery

  Qi Shao1, Jiaqi Liu1, Qiong Wu1, Qiang Li1, Heng‑guo Wang1,*, Yanhui Li1, Qian Duan1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 4
  First Online: 09 January 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0231-3

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    Schematic illustration of the synthesis of Co9S8/NSG
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    a UV–Vis absorption spectra of TSPP, TSPPCo, and TSPPCo/GO. b XRD patterns and c Raman spectra of the different samples. d N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms and the pore size distribution (inset) of Co9S8/NSG-700
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    a Low- and b high-resolution SEM images of Co9S8/NSG-700. c TEM image of Co9S8/NSG-700. d HRTEM image of Co9S8/NSG-700. e TEM image and elemental mapping of carbon, nitrogen, cobalt, and sulfur
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    a XPS survey, and high-resolution XPS spectra of b N 1 s, c Co 2p, and d S 2p of Co9S8/NSG-600, Co9S8/NSG-700, and Co9S8/NSG-800
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    ORR performance of Co9S8/NSG-700 in 0.1 M KOH. a CV curves of Co9S8/NSG-700 in N2-saturated and O2-saturated solutions. b LSV curves of Co9S8/C-700, NSG-700, Co9S8/NSG-700, and Pt/C at 1600 rpm. c LSV curves of Co9S8/NSG-700 at different rotating rates. d K–L plots and the electron transfer number (inset) obtained from RDE results of Co9S8/NSG-700. e Tafel plots of the samples. f Current–time (i − t) chronoamperometric response of Co9S8/NSG-700 and Pt/C in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH
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    OER performance of Co9S8/NSG-700 in 1 M KOH. a LSV curves and b Tafel plots of Co9S8/NSG-700, RuO2, and Pt/C. c Current–time (i − t) chronoamperometric response of Co9S8/NSG-700 and RuO2. d Combined ORR/OER LSV curves of Co9S8/NSG-700, RuO2, and Pt/C
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    a Schematic illustration of the assembled rechargeable Zn–air battery. b Open-circuit plots of Co9S8/NSG-700 (inset: photograph of the open-circuit potential). c Galvanodynamic charge–discharge profiles of Co9S8/NSG-700 and Pt/C–RuO2. d Galvanodynamic discharge curve profiles and corresponding power density curves of Co9S8/NSG-700 and Pt/C–RuO2. e Cycling curves of the Co9S8/NSG-700 and Pt/C–RuO2 at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. f Photographs of an LED bike lamp powered by three Zn–air batteries of Co9S8/NSG-700 catalysts before and after 12 h (8:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m., respectively)
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    a Schematic illustration of the assembled homemade all-solid-state batteries. b Open-circuit plots (inset: photograph of open-circuit potential). c Galvanodynamic charge–discharge profiles and corresponding power density curves. d Cycling curves of the batteries at a current density of 2 mA cm−2 (inset: photographs of an LED powered by two all-solid-state Zn–air batteries before and after 10 min)

• Enhanced Roles of Carbon Architectures in High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

  Lu Wang1, Junwei Han1, Debin Kong2,*, Ying Tao1, Quan-Hong Yang1,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 5
  First Online: 10 January 2019 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0233-1

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    Carbon-architecture assembly strategies for building high-energy and high-power LIBs
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    Assembly methods with the assistance of external forces or fields. a Schematic of silicon pomegranates. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [30]. b Schematic of the fabrication process for H-Fe3O4/GS hybrid films. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [39]. c Schematic of the gradient electrospinning and controlled pyrolysis method. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [45]. d Schematic of the synthesis rGO/Fe3O4 hybrid paper. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [52]. e VA-CNTs/Si structure. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [56]. f Schematic of the fabrication processes for nanostructured P-doped Si/graphite composites.
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    a Sketch and SEM images of graphite flakes coated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles. b Graphite-electrode casting. c Sketch depicting lithium diffusion pathways in both electrode architectures. d Rate capability.
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    a Schematic of MoS2@G. b Free-standing MoS2@G membrane. SEM images of: c Mo-SiO2-PVP, d Mo-SiO2@G, and e MoS2@G. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [87]. f HRTEM image of Gr-Si NP. g HRTEM image visualizing the origins (red arrows) of individual graphene-layer growth. h Schematic illustration showing the sliding of graphene coating layers that buffer the volume expansion of Si.
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    a Schematic of the fabrication process. b Cross-sectional SEM image. (Inset) A free-standing monolithic electrode. c Rate capability at tunable nanoporosity. d Rate performance at different mass loadings.
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    a Schematic of the lithiation/delithiation processes of the Ge-QD@NG/NGF/PDMS yolk-shell electrode. b, c SEM and d, e TEM images before cycling and under lithiation after 1,000 cycles at a current density of 1 C.
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    a Schematic of in-situ nanocrystal growth with GO as both hard and soft templates. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [108]. b Schematic of the sulfur-template control strategy that incorporates void space. HRTEM image of SnO2@GC: c before sulfur removal and d after removal of all of the original sulfur (Scale bar: 5 nm). e Cycling performance.
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    8 a Design concept of a 3D carbon-based current collector. b Visual comparisons of batteries with an ultrathick 3D electrode and a conventional design. Morphology and microstructure: c top view and d cross-sectional view. e Electrochemical performance.

• Comprehensive Application of Graphene: Emphasis on Biomedical Concerns

  S. Syama1, P. V. Mohanan1,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 6
  First Online: 12 January 2019 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0237-5

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    Process of graphene synthesis. Graphite is exfoliated and oxidized to form hydrophilic graphene oxide (brown solution). Graphene oxide is further reduced to obtain reduced graphene oxide, which is less stable in water (black solution)
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    Drug and gene delivery applications. a Delivery of doxorubicin using amine-PEG-functionalized GO. b siRNA delivery and mRNA degradation using PEI-conjugated GO for gene silencing technology (RISC—RNA-induced silencing complex)
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    Anticancer therapy. a Photothermal destruction of tumor cells following GQD exposure and irradiation. b Development of the phototoxicity on/off system for subcellular targeting and selective destruction of tumor cells. c Combined chemo- and photothermal destruction of tumor cells using drug-loaded graphene nanosheets under NIR irradiation. d Photodynamic therapy using magnetic GO nanoconjugates functionalized with aptamer and an ICG photosensitizer to achieve targeted cancer cell destruction
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    Graphene-based biosensors. a FRET-based graphene sensors for the detection of target DNA using fluorescent-labeled ssDNA. b Graphene biosensors for the immobilization of enzymes to monitor enzyme activity. c Graphene immunosensor for the detection of an antigen–antibody complex for early disease diagnosis. d Graphene nanohybrid electrochemical aptasensor for endotoxin detection. Step 1: Complementary DNA 1 is hybridized to LBA. Step 2: LPS binds to LBA, promoting the release of DNA 1. Step 3: Together with the help of an associated probe, DNA 1 binds to a capture probe and forms a Y-shaped structure. Step 4: Exonuclease nicking cleaves the capture probe and releases both DNA 1 and the assistant probe. Step 5: DNA 1 and the assistant probe are rehybridized to the new capture probe, and the cycle continues. Step 6: More numbers of cleaved capture probes are formed. Step 7: Capture probes are hybridized to DNA 2 nanocomposites, resulting in the production of electrochemical signals. e Structure of the magnetocatalytic GQD-based Janus micromotors and fluorescence quenching upon binding of LPS
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    Bioimaging application. a Graphene quantum dots for in vitro cellular imaging. b Mechanism of toxicity induced by graphene in bacterial cells
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    Graphene as a scaffold for tissue engineering. a The figure explains that graphene enhances the viability and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells and also induces their differentiation toward osteogenesis and neuronal cells without the addition of any differentiation factors. b Layer-by-layer assembly of graphene sheets printed using a 3D printer. c Three-dimensional printing and layer-by-layer assembly of a graphene-HA scaffold
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    Protein corona. a Formation of a hard and a soft corona on the surface of nanoparticles, following the incubation of nanoparticles with serum. b Isolation and separation of hard corona proteins that bind to graphene sheets by repeated centrifugation and washing. c SDS-PAGE analysis of hard corona proteins isolated from PRGO incubated with FBS at different time periods (5 min, 30 min, and 2 h). Only BSA (~ 66 kDa) formed a hard corona by strongly binding onto the surface of PRGO under different reaction conditions
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    Graphene–bio interaction. a Mechanism of graphene nanomaterial-induced toxicity (oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation) in mammalian cells. b In vivo organ toxicity induced in animals following graphene administration. c Biochemical parameters following single (i) and repeated (ii) administration of PRGO in mice. d Histopathological sections of the liver (i—control, iii—PRGO group) and the kidney (ii—control, iv—PRGO group)

• Machine Learning Approach to Enhance the Performance of MNP-Labeled Lateral Flow Immunoassay

  Wenqiang Yan1, Kan Wang1,*, Hao Xu2, Xuyang Huo3,*, Qinghui Jin4,5, Daxiang Cui1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 7
  First Online: 17 January 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0239-3

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    Format and assay principle of ICTS
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    Assay procedure comprising brief working principle of MIR
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    a Validation card with ICTS cartridge and QR code. b Waveform of validation card, comprising three levels of magnetic intensity: low, medium, and high
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    a Waveform for a single coil employed as the induction coil in the first version of the MIR. b Waveform for a pair of coils employed as the induction coil
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    Flow chart for data processing procedure
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    a Waveform of raw detection data. b Filtered waveform
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    Results of waveform reconstruction (in the small diagram). Blue line is the distorted waveform and green line is the reconstructed waveform
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    a HCG strips used for standard curve. Concentrations from 1 to 8 were 1000, 500, 100, 50, 10, 5, 1, and 0 mIU mL-1. b Standard curve for HCG strips
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    a Multiplex line strip and its waveform for detecting cTnI (TL1), CKMB (TL2), and Myo (TL3) simultaneously. Correlation between the results obtained by clinical ECLIA methods and this platform for b cTnI, c CKMB, and d Myo detection in serum samples

• Flexible, Porous, and Metal–Heteroatom-Doped Carbon Nanofibers as Efficient ORR Electrocatalysts for Zn–Air Battery

  Qijian Niu1,2, Binling Chen3,*, Junxia Guo1,2, Jun Nie1,2, Xindong Guo1,2, Guiping Ma1,2,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 8
  First Online: 19 January 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0238-4

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    Schematic illustration for the preparation of Zn/Co-N@PCNFs from electrospun Zn/Co-ZIFs/PAN nanofibers: a the micro-morphologies of the nanofibers before and after carbonization; b the simulated cross section diagram; c the simulated molecular structure diagram; d the digital photographs of the nanofiber film before and after carbonization
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    SEM images of the a Zn/Co-ZIFs/PAN nanofibers and b Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800; TEM images of a single nanofiber c Zn/Co-ZIFs/PAN nanofiber and d Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800; HR-TEM images and STEM elemental mappings of e a single Zn/Co-ZIFs/PAN nanofiber and f a single Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800
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    a TG and DTG curves of Zn/Co-ZIFs/PAN nanofibers; b FT-IR spectra; c XRD patterns; and d Raman spectra of Zn/Co-ZIFs/PAN nanofibers and their carbonized samples with different carbonization temperatures (500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C)
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    TEM images of the samples obtained at different carbonization temperature: a 500 °C, b 600 °C, c 700 °C, d 800 °C, e 900 °C, and f 1000 °C (Insets are the size distributions of metal nanoparticles)
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    High-magnification HR-TEM images of the samples at different carbonization temperature: a 500 °C, b 600 °C, c 700 °C, d 800 °C, e 900 °C, and f 1000 °C (Insets are their corresponding SAED patterns)
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    XPS high-resolution spectra of a Zn 2p, b Co 2p, and c N 1s levels at different carbonization temperatures
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    N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm of the samples at different carbonization temperature: a 500 °C, b 600 °C, c 700 °C, d 800 °C, e 900 °C, and f 1000 °C
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    a CV curves of Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 in 0.1-M N2-saturated and O2-saturated KOH with a sweep rate of 50 mV s-1; b LSV curves for Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 and 20 wt% Pt/C in 0.1-M O2-saturated KOH electrolyte with a 10 mV s-1 and a rotation rate of 1600 rpm; c LSV curves of Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 at different rotation speeds from 400–2500 rpm; d K-L plots of Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 at different potentials; e Chronoamperometric response of Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 and 20 wt% Pt/C in 0.1-M O2-saturated KOH aqueous solution at 0.71 V vs. RHE; f The durability test of Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 and 20 wt% Pt/C for methanol, the arrow indicates the introduction of 1 mL methanol
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    a Schematic representation of the basic configuration of a two electrode Zn-air battery by coupling the Zn electrode with an air electrode to execute ORR and OER in 6 M KOH solution as the electrolyte; b Catalytic mechanism diagram of cathode about Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800; c Photographs of a green LED (1.8 V) powered by two Zn-air batteries integrated in series; d Discharge polarization and power-density curves of the Zn-air batteries using Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 and 20 wt% Pt/C+RuO2 as ORR catalysts (mass loading of 1.2 mg cm-2)；e Specific capacities for the Zn-air battery using Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 and 20 wt% Pt/C+RuO2 as an ORR catalyst, which was regularized with consumed Zn mass; f Galvanostatic discharge and charge cycling curves at 10 mA cm-2 with each cycle for 10 min (5 min charge and 5 min discharge) of rechargeable Zn-air batteries with the Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 and 20 wt% Pt/C+RuO2 as the cathode catalyst

• N, F-Codoped Microporous Carbon Nanofibers as Efficient Metal-Free Electrocatalysts for ORR

  Tianle Gong1, Ruoyu Qi1, Xundao Liu2, Hong Li1,*, Yongming Zhang1	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 9
  First Online: 22 January 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0240-x

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    Schematic illustration of N, F-MCFs ORR catalysts
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    SEM images of a electrospun PAN/PVP/PVDF nanofibers, b PAN/PVDF porous nanofibers after hydrothermal treatment, N, F-MCFs with different compositions, c PAN/PVP/PVDF = 1/1/1, d PAN/PVP/PVDF = 1/1/1.5. e, f TEM images of N, F-MCFs
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    a XRD patterns, b Raman spectra, c, d N2 adsorption isotherms (Inset of c and d are pore size distributions of N, F-MCFs-A and N, F-MCFs-B)
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    a, d XPS spectra of N, F-MCFs-A&B. High-resolution XPS spectra of b, e N 1s and c, f F 1s of N, F-MCFs-A&B
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    a CV curves of N, F-MCFs-A; N, F-MCFs-B; N-MCFs-C; and N, F-CFs-D in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH with a scan rate of 10 mV s-1. b LSV curves of N, F-MCFs-A; N, F-MCFs-B; and commercial 20% Pt/C in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH with a scan rate of 10 mV s-1. LSV curves and K-L plots of c, d N, F-MCFs-A and e, f N, F-MCFs-B. g Percentage of H2O2 yield and electron transfer number (n) of N, F-MCFs-A. h LSV curves of N, F-MCFs-A with and without 10 mM NaCN in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH with a scan rate of 10 mV s-1
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    a CV curves of N, F-MCFs-A and Pt/C 20% in O2-saturated 0.5 M H2SO4 with a scan rate of 10 mV s-1. b LSV curves and c K–L plots of N, F-MCFs-A in O2-saturated 0.5 M H2SO4 with a scan rate of 10 mV s-1
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    a Current-time (i-t) chronoamperometric response of N, F-MCFs-A and Pt/C 20% in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH at a rotating rate of 1600 rpm for 10,000 s. b CV curves of N, F-MCFs-A and c Pt/C 20% with and without 3 wt% CH3OH in 0.1 M KOH

• In-situ Preparation of Bimetal Co-doped Mesoporous Graphitic Carbon Nitride with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity

  Wanbao Wu1, Zhaohui Ruan2, Junzhuo Li1, Yudong Li1, Yanqiu Jiang1,*, Xianzhu Xu1, Defeng Li1, Yuan Yuan2,*, Kaifeng Lin1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 10
  First Online: 23 January 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0236-y

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    XRD patterns of P-CN, Co-CN-5, Mo-MCN-2, and Co/Mo-MCN composites
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    a Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms and b corresponding pore size distribution curves of P-CN, Co-CN-5, Mo-MCN-2, and Co/Mo-MCN
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    TEM images of a, b P-CN and c, d Co/Mo-MCN-5
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    SEM images of a P-CN, b Co-CN-5, c Mo-MCN-2, d Co/Mo-MCN-5, e–h elemental mapping for Co/Mo-MCN-5
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    XPS spectra of a C1s, b N1s, c Mo3d, and d Co2p for Co/Mo-MCN-5
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    a Photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of as-prepared materials, b cyclic test of photocatalytic H2 evolution by Co/Mo-MCN-5, c Photocatalytic activities of RhB degradation for as-materials and d cyclic test of RhB degradation by Co/Mo-MCN-5
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    a UV−Vis absorption spectra of P-CN, Co-CN-5, Mo-MCN-2, and Co/Mo-MCN-5, b Mott–Schottky plots of P-CN and Co/Mo-MCN-5, c transient photocurrent responses, and d photoluminescence spectra of P-CN, Co-CN-5, and Co/Mo-MCN-5
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    Crystal structure of a P-CN, b Co-CN, and c Mo-CN, and charge density difference of d Co-CN and e Mo-CN
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    Band structure of a PCN, b Mo-CN, and c Co-CN
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    Optical absorption coefficient of PCN, Co-CN, and Mo-CN
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    a Simulation model of Mo-MCN. D represents mesopores of sizes ranging from 10 to 50 nm, and electric field intensity distribution in x–y plane for b P-CN, c Mo-MCN, and x–z plane for d P-CN, and e Mo-MCN
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    Photocatalytic mechanism scheme of Co/Mo-MCN under visible light irradiation

Most Viewed articles are updated on a monthly basis. Below are the journal’s Top 10 most viewed over the last 6 months.

• Augmenting Intrinsic Fenton-like Activities of MOF-derived Catalysts via N-Molecules Assisted Self‐catalyzed Carbonization

  Chengdong Yang1, Mi Zhou1, Chao He2, Yun Gao1, Shuang Li3, Xin Fan1, Yi Lin1, *, Fei Cheng1, Puxin Zhu1, *, Chong Cheng2, 4	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 87
  First Online: 17 October 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0319-4

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    Illustrated formation procedures for the iron(III)-2-aminoterephthalic frameworks (MIL-88B-NH2, MIL = Materials from the Lavoisier Institute) and the resulted CNTs-Fe decorated carbon hybrids (MIL/CNT-Fe), and the corresponding schematic image of Fenton-like reactions towards the organic pollutants
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    SEM images of a MIL-88B-NH2, b MIL-Fe-800, c MIL/CNT-Fe-700, d MIL/CNT-Fe-800, and e MIL/CNT-Fe-900. f SAED patterns for MIL/CNT-Fe-800 (marked in i by red circle and stated by "SAED"). g TEM images of MIL/CNT-Fe-800. h HRTEM images of MIL/CNT-Fe-800. i TEM image of single CNT-Fe structure for MIL/CNT-Fe-800. j EDX mapping of MIL/CNT-Fe-800
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    a PXRD analysis of different samples. b Raman spectra of different samples. c N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of catalysts. d The pore size distributions of MIL/CNT-Fe-800 and MIL-Fe-800 calculated from the adsorption branch of the isotherms by the quenched solid density functional theory (QSDFT) model for spherical pore type. High-resolution e C 1s, f Fe 2p, h N 1s, XPS spectra of MIL/CNT-Fe-800. High-resolution g Fe 2p and i N 1s XPS spectra of MIL-Fe-800
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    a EPR measurements with/without MIL/CNT-Fe-800. b Degradation curves of BPA in different reaction systems. c Degradation rates (%) of BPA with different catalysts in 40 min. d The reaction rate constants of BPA degradation in different reaction systems. e Recycling experiments for BPA degradation using MIL/CNT-Fe-800. f Contrast experiment at solution with different pH values for BPA degradation using MIL/CNT-Fe-800. Reaction conditions: [BPA]=20 mg L-1, [PMS]=0.2 g L-1, catalyst= 0.1 g L-1, T=298 K, initial pH =6
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    a The degradation of MB in different reaction systems. b Degradation rates (%) of MB with different catalysts in 40 min. c Kinetic linear fitting for the removal of MB, d The degradation of TC in different reaction systems. e Degradation rate (%) of TC with different catalysts in 15 min. f Contrast experiment of different pH for TC degradation using MIL/CNT-Fe-800. Reaction conditions: [MB or TC] = 20 mg L-1, [PMS] = 0.2 g L-1, catalyst = 0.1 g L-1, T =298 K, initial pH = 6
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    a SEM image of O-MIL/CNT-Fe-800. b SEM image of O-MIL-Fe-800. c Contrast experiment of iron oxide for BPA degradation. d Degradation rate (%) of BPA with different catalysts in 40 min

• CNT/High Mass Loading MnO2/Graphene-grafted Carbon Cloth Electrodes for High-energy Asymmetric Supercapacitors

  Lulu Lyu1, Kwang-dong Seong1, Jong Min Kim1, Wang Zhang2, Xuanzhen Jin1, Dae Kyom Kim1, Youngmoo Jeon1, Jeongmin Kang1,a Yuanzhe Piao1, 3, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 88
  First Online: 17 October 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0316-7

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    Schematic illustration of the preparation procedure of the CNT/MnO2/GCC electrode
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    a SEM image of GCC. b Nitrogen adsorption isotherms of GCC and ECC. c Low-, and d high-resolution SEM images of CNT/MnO2-25/GCC electrodes
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    a TEM image, b HRTEM image, and c EDX elemental mapping of the CNT/MnO2-25/GCC electrode. d XRD spectra, and e Raman spectra of GCC and CNT/MnO2-25/GCC electrodes. f XPS spectrum of Mn 2p peak of the CNT/MnO2-25/GCC electrode
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    a CV curves at a scan rate of 5 mV s-1 within a potential window from 0 to 1 V, b GCD curves at a current density of 1 mA cm-2, and c areal capacitances at different current densities from 1 to 30 mA cm-2 of GCC, CNT/MnO2-25/ECC, and CNT/MnO2-25/GCC electrodes. d Nyquist plots of CNT/MnO2-25/ECC and CNT/MnO2-25/GCC electrodes. Insert: the fitted equivalent circuit. Rs, Rct, W, and Cdl denote as equivalent series resistance, charge transfer resistance, Warburg diffusion impedance, and electrochemical double-layer capacitance, respectively. e Capacitive contribution (grey region) to the total charge storage at 1 mV s-1, and f Capacitive (red) and diffusion-controlled (green) contribution versus scan rates of the CNT/MnO2-25/GCC electrode. g Capacitance comparison of the CNT/MnO2-25/GCC electrode with previous reports. MnO2/carbon fiber paper, MnO2/CNT/carbon tape, MnO2/CNT film, MnO2/anodic aluminum oxide (AAO), MnO2/Ni nanorod array, MnO2/Ni foil, MnO2/CC. h The schematic illustration of the CNT/MnO2-25/GCC structure
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    The electrochemical performance of the quasi-solid-state flexible ASC. a Schematic illustration of the assembled ASC. b CV curves of the cathode and anode at 5 mV s-1. c CV curves at various voltage windows at 5 mV s-1. d CV curves at different scan rates from 5 to 80 mV s-1. e CV curves and capacitance retentions at different bending angles. f GCD profiles at different current densities from 2 to 15 mA cm-2. g Areal and volumetric capacitances at different current densities. h Cycling stability at 15 mA cm-2 upon 10000 cycles. Insets: five LEDs and a temperature/humidity indicator powered by the ASC device.
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    Ragone plots about volumetric energy density and power density of this ASC and other devices with high mass loading of active materials from previous reports. MnOx//graphene, Fe2O3//Fe2O3, graphene//MnO2//activated carbon (AC), polypyrrole(Ppy)/MnO2//AC, MnOx//VOx, MnO2//WO3, MnO2//activated carbon cloth (ACC), MnO2//Fe2O3, MnO2//Ppy, and NiOx//FeOx

• Drug Nanorod-Mediated Intracellular Delivery of microRNA-101 for Self-sensitization via Autophagy Inhibition

  Xiaofei Xin1, Xiaoqing Du1, Qingqing Xiao1, Helena S. Azevedo2, Wei He1, *, Lifang Yin1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 82
  First Online: 25 September 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0310-0

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    Design and proposed an active mechanism of autophagy inhibition and self-sensitization. (1) Preparation of HA-coated miR-101/PNs complexes (HA-PNplex): miR-101 is condensed on the PNs, followed by HA coating. (2) HA-PNplex is administered via intravenous injection (i.v.), accumulate in the tumor site, and (3) enter cancer cells through CD44-receptor-mediated caveolar endocytosis. (4) HA-PNplex release miR-101 and PTX, with miR-101 suppressing the autophagy (5) and, in turn, sensitizing the cancer cells (6) to the anti-tumor carriers, PNs
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    Preparation and characterization. Size distributions of a PNs and c PNplex. b Gel electrophoresis of PNplex with different mass ratios of stabilizer (CLG)/miR-101. d Particle size, PDI and zeta potential () of HA-PNplex with different mass ratios of CLG/miR-101/HA. e Size distribution and f TEM image of HA-PNplex from the optimized formulation
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    Intracellular delivery of miR-101 and in vitro inhibition of autophagic flux. a miR-101 expression in MCF-7 cells with PTX concentration of 10 μg mL-1 or a miR-101 at concentration of 100 nM after 24 h incubation at 37 °C as determined using PCR assay (n = 3, #P < 0.001 and **P < 0.01). b–h In vitro inhibition of autophagic flux. b CLSM images showing the autophagy flux in mRFP/EGFP-MCF-7 cells with PTX concentration of 10 μg mL-1 or a miR-101 at concentration of 100 nM after 24 h incubation at 37 °C. The green fluorescence is negatively correlated with the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. The yellow fluorescence indicates the absent fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. c Quantitative mRFP/EGFP ratio determined by flow cytometry (n = 3, *P < 0.05). d LC3II and e p62 mRNA expression level in MCF-7 cells assessed using PCR assay (n = 3, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and #P < 0.001). f LC3I, LC3II and p62 expression level in MCF-7 cells determined using the WB assay. Quantitative analysis of g LC3II/LC3I ratio and h p62 based on WB assay (n = 3, #P < 0.001 and *P < 0.05). The internal control for normalizing protein expression was GADPH. Formulations: 1, saline; 2, CLG; 3, naked miR-101; 4, PEI; 5, PEI/miR-101 complexes (PEIplex); 6, Taxol; 7, PNs; 8, PNplex; 9, HA-PNplex; 10, BFA+PNplex; 11, BFA+ HA-PNplex
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    In vitro apoptosis. Percentage of cell apoptosis in MCF-7 cells induced by diverse formulations after 48 h incubation at a fixed PTX concentration of 10 μg mL-1 or miR-101 at 100 nM at 37 °C as determined by flow cytometry (n = 3, **P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and #P < 0.001)
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    Antitumor efficiency. Different formulations (0.2 mL) were injected into MCF-7 tumor-bearing nude Balb/C mice via tail vein every 3 days at a PTX dose of 10 mg kg-1 and miR-101 dose of 1 mg kg-1, according to the animal’s body weight. On day 16 at the end of the experiment, the tumor tissues were collected for further examination. a Representative images of the tumors collected from mice at the end of the experiment. b Tumor growth curves (n = 6, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and #P < 0.001). c Tumor weight after treatment with the various formulations (n = 6, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and #P < 0.001). Quantitative analysis of d cell proliferation and e apoptosis (n = 3, *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01)
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    In vivo miR-101 expression and inhibition of autophagy flux. a miR-101 expression level in tumor was determined by PCR assay (n = 3, **P < 0.01 and #P < 0.001). The tumors were collected from mice on day 16 at the end of the experiment. b–h In vivo inhibition of autophagy flux. At the end of the experiment for antitumor efficiency, the tumor tissues were isolated. b LC3II and c p62 mRNA expression level in tumor determined by PCR assay (n = 3, *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01). d LC3I, LC3II and p62 expression level in tumor determined using the WB assay. Formulations: 1, saline; 2, CLG; 3, naked miR-101; 4, PEI; 5, PEI/plex; 6, Taxol; 7, PNs; 8, PNplex; 9, HA-PNplex. The internal control for normalizing protein expression was GADPH. Quantitative analysis of e LC3II/I ratio and f p62 in tumor (n = 3, **P < 0.01 and *P < 0.05). The immunohistochemistry quantification of g LC3II and h p62 in the tumors (n = 3, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and #P < 0.001)

• Direct Patterning of Carbon Nanotube via Stamp Contact Printing Process for Stretchable and Sensitive Sensing devices

  Binghao Liang1, Zian Zhang1, Wenjun Chen1, Dongwei Lu1, Leilei Yang1, Rongliang Yang1, Hai Zhu2, Zikang Tang3, Xuchun Gui1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 92
  First Online: 23 October 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0323-8

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    Schematic of the fabricating process and as-prepared samples of CNT films by stamp method. a Schematic illustration of the fabricating process. b Photograph of the CNT seal and stone seal. c Photograph of the CNT block. d SEM image of CNT block. e SEM image of the CNT film on Ecoflex substrate. f Transferred CNT film with an “S” pattern
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    Characterization of the electrical properties of CNT films. The sheet resistance of the transferred CNT films a at different stamp pressure, b at different stamp number of times. c The change of sheet resistance of the CNT film after ultrasonic washing at different time. Electric stability of CNT film d during 1,000 cycles stretching under strain of 50%, e during 1,000 cycles under bending (180 degrees), f during 1,000 cycles twisting (90 degrees)
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    Sensing properties of CNT-based strain sensors. a Relative resistance response of CNT-based strain sensors versus applied strain. b Gauge factor of CNT-based strain sensors versus applied strain. c Relative resistance change verse applied strain over 5,000 cycles. d Relative resistance change verse applied strain with increasing maximum strain from 10% to 70%. e Hysteresis curves of the stretch/release cycles under different maximum applied strain. f Comparison on gauge factor (GF) and maximum strain between our strain sensors and the recently reported strain sensors, which constructed by different conductive materials, including MXene [50], Silk fiber [17], Cu Nanowires (NWs) mesh [47], Au NWs [46], Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) [9], SWCNT/hydrogel [45], graphene woven microfabrics [49], graphene-gold mesh [48], Ag Nanoparticles (NPs)/Ag NWs [51], and PEDOT:PSS [52]
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    Transferred CNT films with different patterns and their electromechanical properties. a Optical camera images of wavy CNT strip with different wavenumbers. b Transferred CNT film with different mesh structures. c The different pattern of CNT network including an interdigital electrode, characters and strips with different line width. d The resistance of CNT strips with different line width. e Electromechanical properties of the strain sensor with different wave number pattern. f Electromechanical properties of the strain sensor with different direction mesh pattern
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    Several applications of CNT-based strain sensor. a Resistance response of finger motion. b Resistance response of wrist motion. c Monitoring the movement of a robot knee. d The pulse signal of a volunteer. e Detection of human breath though a mask. f Resistance response of tiny change of air pressure. g Monitoring the human voice with the word “Carbon”. h Monitoring the human voice with the word “Nanotube”. i Monitoring the human voice with the word “Graphene”

• Towards Flexible and Wearable Embroidered Supercapacitors from Cobalt Phosphides Decorated Conductive Fibers

  Jianfeng Wen1, Bingang Xu1,*, Jinyun Zhou1	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 89
  First Online: 17 October 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0321-x

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    a The schematic diagram of a cone of the conductive silver-plated nylon yarns and a piece of the cotton fabric. b The diagram of the computer-aided programming. c The diagram of the conductive SE. d The real photos of the SE products
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    a SEM images of the overview of the SE single finger. b A single fiber of the original SPNYs. c The damaged fiber surface of the SPNYs. d A single fiber of the Ni NTAs. e The microspheres of the CoP@Ni NTAs@SE. f-g The EDS mapping of Co and P. h SEAD pattern. i TEM image of CoP. j The XRD curves of the SE , Ni NTAs@SE, and CoP@Ni NTAs@SE
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    a-c The schematic diagram of the fabrication CoP@Ni NTAs@SE. d Overview of the CoP@Ni NTAs@SE. e The real images of the SE, Ni NTAs@SE and CoP@Ni NTAs@SE
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    CV curves of a the electrodes with nikel layers electrodeposited at different voltages, b phosphides fabricated by different Ni/Co ratios, c CoP fabricated on Ni NTAs@SE at different voltages, d different CoP mass loadings on Ni NTAs@SE at a scanning voltage rate of 20 mV s-1
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    a CV curves of a CoP@Ni NTAs@SE based SC at different low scanning voltage rates. b CV curves at different high scanning voltage rates. c GCD curves of a CoP@Ni NTAs@SE based SC at different areal current densities. d The area and gravimetric capacitances at different current densities. e GCD curves of SC bended for different times at 1.2 mA cm-2. f Cyclic stability within 5,000 times at different current densities. g The Nyquist plots of the CoP@Ni NTAs@SE SC. h Ragone plot of the CoP@Ni NTAs@SE SC
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    a Real photos of two and four embroidery SCs connected in series. b, c CV and GCD curves of two SCs connected in series at a voltage scanning rate of 100 mV s-1 and current density of 2.4 mA cm-2. d The display of embroidering the “PolyU” monogramed SC on the lab gown. e The electrochemical measurement on the “PolyU” SC. f CV and GCD curve of the “PolyU” SC

• Correction to: Fluorescent Silicon Nanorods‑Based Nanotheranostic Agents for Multimodal Imaging‑Guided Photothermal Therapy

  Mingyue Cui1, Sangmo Liu1, Bin Song1, Daoxia Guo1, Jinhua Wang1, Guyue Hu1, Yuanyuan Su1,*, Yao He1,*	Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 85
  First Online: 15 October 2019 (Correction)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0318-5

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    Assessment of the biocompatibility, targeted imaging, and photothermal effect in vitro. a Cytotoxicity of PEG-Au@SiNRs. b LSCM images of CT-26 and 4T1 cells after incubation with RGD-Au@SiNRs (blocking with free peptides or not) or Au@SiNRs for 2 h at 37 °C. Scale bars, 25 μm. c Cell viability of CT-26 cells, which were first incubated with RGD-Au@SiNRs or Au@SiNRs for 4 h and then irradiated by an 808-nm laser (0.8 W cm−2) for 5 min as mean ± SD (n = 3). Asterisk (**) indicates p < 0.01
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    Tumor-targeted multimodal imaging in vivo. a Schematic illustration of the active targeting of RGD-Au@SiNRs. b PA imaging and c the corresponding PA signal intensity of tumor regions of CT-26 tumor-bearing mice untreated and treated with RGD-Au@SiNRs, Au@SiNRs, or PBS for 12 and 24 h. d Infrared thermal mapping images, and e corresponding temperature change of tumor regions of CT-26 tumor-bearing mice irradiated with an 808-nm laser (0.8 W cm−2) for different times (0–8 min, time interval: 30 s) at 24 h post-administration with RGD-Au@SiNRs, Au@SiNRs, or PBS. f LSCM images of tumor sections at 24 h post-injection of PBS, Au@SiNRs, or RGD-Au@SiNRs. Scale bars, 100 μm, and g corresponding quantitative analysis of the fluorescence intensity. h The bio-distribution of RGD-Au@SiNRs and Au@SiNRs measured by ICP-OES at 24 h post-administration. Asterisk (**) indicates p < 0.01; (***) means p < 0.001
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    Photothermal therapy and safety assessment. a Photographs of representative mice before and after the treatment with different agents and NIR irradiation. b Growth curves of tumor volumes of mice groups with NIR irradiation. c Weight of the excised tumors from the PTT-treated mice. d Survival curves of PTT-treated mice. e Serum biochemistry data including alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase, and blood urea nitrogen levels of control and RGD-Au@SiNRs-treated healthy mice. f Complete blood counts: hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, blood platelets, red blood cells, blood levels of white blood cells, and platelets of control and RGD-Au@SiNRs-treated healthy mice. g H&E staining of various organ tissues harvested from tumor-bearing mice at the end of treatment. Asterisk (**) indicates p < 0.01; (***) means p < 0.001

• Plate-to-layer Bi2MoO6/MXene Heterostructure as High Performance Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries

  Peng Zhang1, Danjun Wang1, 2, Qizhen Zhu1, *, Ning Sun1, Feng Fu2, *, Bin Xu1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 81
  First Online: 25 September 2019 (Communication)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0312-y

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    Schematic diagram for the simple electrostatic self-assembly of positive-charged Bi2MoO6 nanoplates on the negative-charged MXene nanosheets
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    SEM images of a MXene nanosheets, b Bi2MoO6 nanoplates, c, d Bi2MoO6/MXene-50%, e, f Bi2MoO6/MXene-30%, and g, h Bi2MoO6/MXene-10%
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    TEM images of a, b Bi2MoO6/MXene-50%, c, d Bi2MoO6/MXene-30%, and e, f Bi2MoO6/MXene-10%. g STEM and corresponding element (Bi, Mo, Ti, and C) mapping images of the Bi2MoO6/MXene-30%
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    Characterization of Bi2MoO6/MXene heterostructures: a, b XRD patterns, c Raman speatra of the Bi2MoO6/MXene heterostructures. High-resolution of d Bi 4f, e Mo 3d, f O 1s, and g Ti 2p XPS spectrum of Bi2MoO6/MXene-30%
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    Electrochemical performance of the Bi2MoO6/MXene electrodes: a CV curves of Bi2MoO6/MXene-30% for the first three cycles at 0.1 mV s-1; b charge/discharge profiles of Bi2MoO6/MXene-30% at 100 mA g-1 at different cycles; c cycling performance of Bi2MoO6/MXene-50%, Bi2MoO6/MXene-30%, Bi2MoO6/MXene-10%, and pristine Bi2MoO6 electrodes at 100 mA g-1 for 200 cycles; d charge/discharge profiles of Bi2MoO6/MXene-30% at different current rates; e comparison of rate capabilities of Bi2MoO6/MXene-30% at various current rates from 50 to 2000 mA g-1; f long-term cycling performance of Bi2MoO6/MXene-30% in 1000 cycles at 1 A g-1
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    Electrochemical kinetic analysis of Li storage behavior of Bi2MoO6/MXene-30%. a GITT profiles (current pulse at 100 mA g-1 for 30 min followed by 1 h relaxation); b diffusion coefficients calculated from GITT profiles according to overpotential; c CV curves at various scan rates from 0.2 to 3 mV s-1 in the voltage range of 0.01-3 V (vs. Li+/Li); d log(i)-log(v) curves; e CV profile measured at 1 mV s-1 with shaded area displaying the pseudocapacitive contribution; f normalized proportions of capacitive and diffusion-controlled contribution at various scan rates

• Wet-chemical Synthesis and Application of Semiconductor Nanomaterial-based Epitaxial Heterostructures

  Junze Chen1, Qinglang Ma1, Xue-Jun Wu2, Liuxiao Li1, Jiawei Liu1, Hua Zhang1, 3, *	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 86
  First Online: 15 October 2019 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0317-6

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    Schematic illustration of epitaxial heterostructures based on a 0D seeds/templates, b 1D seeds/templates, and c 2D seeds/templates
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    a Schematic illustrations of dot-in-rod and dot-in-tetrapod structures obtained from wurtzite and zinc blende seeds, respectively. b Absorption spectrum and TEM image of 4.4 nm CdSe NCs with wurtzite lattice. c TEM image of CdSe-CdS dot-in-nanorod structures. d High-resolution TEM image of a CdSe-CdS dot-in-nanorod grown from a 4.4 nm w-CdSe seed. Scale bar, 5 nm. e High-angle annular dark field (HAADF) image of a CdSe-CdS dot-in-rod and corresponding elemental profiles for Cd, S, and Se obtained by recording energy dispersion spectroscopy signal intensities along the line shown in yellow in HAADF image. f Absorption spectrum and TEM image of 4.0 nm CdSe nanocrystals with zinc blende lattice. g TEM images of CdSe/CdS tetrapods grown from 4.0 nm zb-CdSe seeds. h TEM image of a CdSe/CdS tetrapod grown from 4 nm zb-CdSe seed. i HRTEM image of a tetrapod fragment showing the interface between {111} planes of zb-CdSe seed and {001} planes of w-CdS arms.
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    a Schematic illustration of the cation exchange transformation of Cu1.8S NCs into sandwich-like heterostructures with ZnS caps. b-f TEM images show the composition change from the initial Cu1.8S NCs b into ZnS f with a thin layer of Cu1.8S. The Cu1.8S disk thickness (t) is indicated. g Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) image of a single partially exchanged hexagonal Cu2Se NC. Two PbSe stripes in the middle of the NC were observed. h TEM image of partially exchanged CdS QD consisting of a heterostructure of CdS and PbS. i TEM image of partially exchanged CdSe QD.
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    a Schematic illustration of the synthesis of 1D linear structure and 1D striped structure by partial cation exchange. b Color-composite energy-filtered TEM image of CdS-Cu2S nanorods. The orange regions correspond to the Cd energy-filtered mapping, and the blue regions correspond to the Cu mapping. c HRTEM image of a CdS-Cu2S nanorod. d, e TEM images of transformed CdS-Ag2S superlattices. Inset in e: Histogram of Ag2S segment spacing.
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    a Schematic illustration of the synthesis of Cu2-xS-MoX2 (X=S or Se) epitaxial heterostructure. b TEM image of a Cu2-xS-MoSe2 heterostructure. The circles indicate the Cu1.94S (component i) and Cu2S (component ii). The red arrows indicate the MoSe2 (component iii). Inset: HRTEM image of Cu2-xS-MoSe2 taken in the square in b. c HAADF-STEM and d annular bright field STEM images of a Cu2-xS-MoSe2 heterostructure taken at the same area. e Schematic illustration of the crystal structure of Cu2-xS-MoSe2 heterostructure.
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    a TEM image of Pd NCs grown on an MoS2 nanosheet. b Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern of Pd-MoS2 epitaxial heterostructures with the electron beam perpendicular to the basal plane of the MoS2 nanosheet. c HRTEM image of Pd NCs on MoS2, showing distinguishable lattice fringes of Pd and MoS2. Inset: photograph of the Pd-MoS2 solution. d TEM image of Pt NCs grown on an MoS2 nanosheet. e SAED pattern of Pt-MoS2 epitaxial heterostructures with the electron beam perpendicular to the basal plane of the MoS2 nanosheet. f HRTEM image of Pt NCs on MoS2 showing distinguishable lattice fringes of Pt and MoS2. g TEM image and schematic illustration of lateral 2D heterostructures consisting of Bi2Se3 nanoplates and CdS NCs. h HRTEM image of the Bi2Se3-CdS interface, viewed along the [001] axes. i TEM image and schematic illustration of basal Bi2Se3-CdS heterostructures.
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    a Schematic illustration of type A nanostructure. TEM images of CdS-type A nanostructure lying flat b and standing c on the TEM grids. d Schematic illustration of type B nanostructure. e Dark-field STEM image of CdS-type B nanostructures. f Dark-field STEM image of a typical CdS-type B nanostructure standing on the TEM grid. Two bright strips, indicated by black arrows, can be clearly observed in the nanostructures. g Schematic illustration of type C nanostructure. h, i Dark-field STEM images of CdS-type C nanostructures.
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    a Schematic illustration of the synthesis of core@shell and core-crown structures from 2D seeds. b HAADF image of annealed CdSe@CdS core@shell nanoplates with very smooth surfaces. c High-resolution HAADF image of a CdSe@CdS core@shell nanoplate on the side exhibiting the core@shell structure and five Cd planes of the initial CdSe nanoplate. d TEM image of CdSe-CdS core-crown heterostructures. e HAADF-STEM image and f color-coded STEM EDS map of CdSe-CdS core-crown heterostructures. The red, green, and blue colors represent to S, Se, and Cd, respectively.
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    a Photograph of PL of core@shell QDs with different compositions. In this photograph, QD solutions are excited by a UV lamp with emission centered at a wavelength of 365 nm. b PL spectra of CdSe@ZnS and PbS@CdS core@shell QDs showing the possibility for narrowband emission across the visible and near-IR wavelength regions. Inset: schematic illustration of a core@shell QD.
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    a Schematic illustration of the multicomponent heterostructure and energy band diagram of a Pt-tipped CdS rod with an embedded CdSe seed. b The Pt tip is clearly seen in the HRTEM and HAADF STEM images. TEM images of Pt-tipped seeded rods withthe lengths of c 27 nm and d 70 nm on average. e Relative quantum efficiency for hydrogen production, obtained from Pt-tipped unseeded CdS rods (yellow), and five different samples of Pt-tipped seeded rods with seed diameters of 3.1 (red) or 2.3 nm (green). f TEM image of a CdS-MoS2 heterostructure. g HAADF-STEM and h ABF-STEM images of the tip area of a CdS-MoS2 heterostructure. The red triangles indicate the position of MoS2 NSs. i Comparison of H2 production activities using CdS NWs and CdS-MoS2 heterostructures with different loading amount of MoS2 NSs as catalysts.

• Enhanced Catalytic Activity of Gold@Polydopamine Nanoreactors with Multi-Compartment Structure under NIR Irradiation

  Shilin Mei1, Zdravko Kochovski1, Rafael Roa2, Sasa Gu3, Xiaohui Xu1, Hongtao Yu1, Joachim Dzubiella4, 5, Matthias Ballauff1, 6, Yan Lu1, 7, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 83
  First Online: 10 October 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0314-9

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    Synthesis procedure of the Au@PDA nanoreactors. (1) Selective swelling of PS-b-P2VP particles into porous particles. (2) In situ growth of gold nanoparticles on the porous PS-b-P2VP templates through UV irradiation; (3) Deposition of PDA layer onto the porous templates; (4) Removal of the PS-b-P2VP templates by dissolving in THF
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    TEM images of a PS-b-P2VP particle with ordered microphase-separation structure, the dark dots presents the I2-stained P2VP domains, b porous PS-b-P2VP particles derived from selective swelling, c Au@PS-b-P2VP particle, d Au @PS-b-P2VP@PDA particle, and e Au@PDA particle with multi-compartment structure after removal of the PS-b-P2VP template
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    a, b SEM and c TEM images of the PDA porous particles. d, e SEM and f TEM images of the Au@PDA particles. Insets are the enlarged parts of the particles
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    TEM images of the Au@PDA porous particles with different thicknesses of the PDA layer by adjusting the reaction time from 5 h, 7~8 nm (a, d) to 7 h, 10~12 nm (b, e),and 11 h, 14~16 nm (c, f)
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    TEM analysis of the PS-b-P2VP templates: a normal TEM image and b selected XY slices through the tomographic reconstruction of an individual PS-b-P2VP porous particle. The highlighted green slice in b corresponds to the central slice d. c-e 3D particle surface renderings with and without interior views, using a cutting plane through the central XY slice (PS-b-P2VP shown in green)
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    TEM analysis of the Au@PDA particles: a normal TEM image and b selected XY slices through the tomographic reconstruction of two adjacent Au@PDA particles. c-i 3D surface renderings of the particles (PDA shown in blue and Au shown in yellow): c surface view (d1, d2) subregion including cut away view to highlight the interior distribution of gold nanoparticles in PDA (d3, d4) rotated view of d1, d2 respectively. e as c but with semitransparent PDA layer to show internal structure. f, g as e but components of PDA and Au are shown separately. h as c but with a cutting plane through the central XY slice of PDA. i1, i2 magnified views of selected marked regions in h
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    a, b Fit of the concentration of 4-nitrophenol as the function of time by the theoretical model. The concentration of 4-nitrophenol was normalized to the respective starting concentration cNip,0. The experimental data have been taken from reactions at 20 °C (data points with error bars). The solid lines refer to the fits by the kinetic model. c, d Kinetic constants ka and kb derived from fitting results. The dash lines indicate the average values
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    a Schematic diagram of phothothermal conversion of the Au@PDA particles. b The photothermal response of the PDA porous particles in aqueous solution (0.2 mg mL-1) for 500 s with a NIR laser (808 nm, 2 W cm-2) and then the laser was shut off. c Linear time data versus -lnθ obtained from the cooling period of b. d Temperature changes of pure water and various concentrations of Au@PDA particles dispersions under irradiation with IR light (808 nm, 3 W cm-2). e Temperature dependence on the irradiation power with constant particle concentration (0.1 mg mL-1). f Comparison of the photothermal effects of Au@PDA and Au@P2VP particles with 0.1 mg mL-1 at 3 W cm-2
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    a UV-Vis spectra of the reduction of 4-nitrophenol using Au@PDA particles as nanoreactors without NIR irradiation at RT, b without NIR irradiation at 39.3 °C and under NIR irradiation at 3 W cm-2 for 15 min. c Conversions of the three reactions. d Au@PDA particles after used in catalytic reactions under NIR irradiation

• Waste Copper Wires to Dendritic Nanostructure for High-Energy Wire-Type Alkaline Battery

  Nilesh R. Chodankar1, 2, Su-Hyeon Ji1, Young-Kyu Han2, Do-Heyoung Kim1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 1
  First Online: 12 December 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0337-2

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    Schematic illustration of the preparation of dendritic-structured NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu electrode using e-waste Cu wires for the RAB application
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    FESEM images for the a, b Cu(OH)2/Cu wire, c, d NiO/CuO/Cu, and e–g NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu electrodes; h, i TEM images for the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu electrode; and j STEM-EDS elemental mapping results for the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu electrode
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    a Comparative CV curves and b corresponding length capacitance for the Cu(OH)2/Cu, NiO/CuO/Cu, NiCo-hydroxide/Cu(OH)2/Cu and NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu electrodes at a constant scan rate of 100 m /s-1; c CV and d CD curves for the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu electrode at various scanning rates in 2 M KOH electrolyte; e specific capacitance and specific capacity for the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu electrode at various currents; f plot of diffusion-controlled contribution at different scan rates for the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu electrode; g Nyquist plot for the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu electrode; the inset shows the magnified view of the Nyquist plot; h plot of capacity retention versus cycle number for the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu electrode; the inset shows the first and last cycles; and i schematic representation showing the merits of the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu electrode for the RAB application
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    CV curves for a the AC/SS and NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu electrode in 2 KOH electrolyte at a constant scan rate of 20 mV s-1; b the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu//AC/SS RAB at various applied voltage ranges; c the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu//AC/SS RAB at various scan rates in the voltage window of 0 to 1.5 V; d CD curves for the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu//AC/SS RAB at various currents; e plot of specific capacitance and specific capacity at various discharge current for the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu//AC/SS RAB; f Ragone plot for the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu//AC/SS RAB; g Nyquist plot for the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu//AC/SS RAB; the inset shows the fitted equivalent circuit; h plot of capacity retention and coulombic efficiency for the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu//AC/SS RAB; and i initial and final CD cycles at a constant current of 25 mA