Volume 12, (2020)

• Sandwich-like Fe&TiO2@C Nanocomposites Derived from MXene/Fe-MOFs Hybrids for Electromagnetic Absorption

  Baiwen Deng1, Zhen Xiang1, Juan Xiong1, Zhicheng Liu1, Lunzhou Yu2, Wei Lu1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 55
  First Online: 18 February 2020 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-020-0398-2

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    Schematic representation of facile synthesis route of Fe&TiO2@C by the EMW heating reaction followed by a heat treatment
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    a TG curve of as-prepared Ti3C2Tx-FeMOF hybrids. b XRD patterns of as-prepared Ti3C2Tx, S6, S7, and S8. c Raman spectra results of S6, S7, and S8
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    SEM and TEM images of Ti3C2Tx (a, e), S6 (b, f), S7 (c, g), and S8 (e, h)
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    Frequency dependences of a real and b imaginary parts of complex permittivity, c real and d imaginary parts of complex permeability for the S6, S7, and S8 at the frequency range of 2-18 GHz
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    a Dielectric loss tangent of S6, S7, and S8 from 2 to 18 GHz. Plots of ε′ versus ε″ for S6 (b), S7 (c), and S8 (d)
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    a Magnetic loss tangent of S6, S7, and S8. b The calculated μ′(μ″)-2f-1 for S6, S7 and S8 at the frequency range of 2-18 GHz
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    The 3D maps of RL values for S6 (a), S7 (b), and S8 (c) at different thickness over 2-18 GHz
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    a Attenuation constants results () of S6, S7, and S8. 2D contour maps of |Zin/Z0| at different thickness from 2 to 18 GHz for S6 (b), S7 (c), and S8 (d)
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    Illustration of EMW absorption mechanisms for Fe&TiO2@C nanocomposites

• Facile Synthesis of FePS3 Nanosheets@MXene Composite as a High-Performance Anode Material for Sodium Storage

  Yonghao Ding1, Yu Chen1, Na Xu1, Xintong Lian1, Linlin Li1, *, Yuxiang Hu2, *, Shengjie Peng1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 54
  First Online: 18 February 2020 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-020-0381-y

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    a Synthesis process diagram of FePS3@MXene. b Schematic illustration of MXene assembled on FePS3 nanosheets surface and the micromolecular structure in enlarged view
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    a SEM image of bulk FePS3. b, c AFM and HRTEM images of FePS3 nanosheets. d-f SEM, TEM, and HRTEM images of FePS3@MXene. g Elemental mapping images of Fe, P, S, Ti, and C
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    Powder XRD patterns of the synthetic FePS3, FePS3@MXene-1, and FePS3@MXene-2
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    XPS spectra of a Fe 2p, b P 2p, c S 2p, and d Ti 2p
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    Electrochemical performance comparison for SIBs. a CV profiles for the five cycles at 0.1 mV s-1. b, c Cycling stability at 0.1 and 0.5 A g-1. d Rate capabilities. e GCD profiles at various current densities. f Nyquist plots
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    Kinetics analysis for the FePS3@MXene-1 electrode. a CV profiles at diversity scan speeds. b b-value calculation based on the relevance between peak currents and velocity of scanning. c Normalized contribution ratio of capacitive and diffusion-controlled capacities. d Proportion of capacitive (shade region) contribution at 0.5 mV s-1
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    a Structure schematic of the full-cell. b Cycling performance at 0.1 A g-1 as to anode

• N-Graphene Nanowalls Via Plasma Nitrogen Incorporation and Substitution: The Experimental Evidence

  Neelakandan M Santhosh1, 2, Gregor Filipič 1, Eva Kovacevic3, Andrea Jagodar3, Johannes Berndt3, Thomas Strunskus4, Hiroki Kondo5, Masaru Hori5, Elena Tatarova6, Uroš Cvelbar1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 53
  First Online: 17 February 2020 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-020-0395-5

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    Possible nitrogen configurations in graphene lattice, labelled as 1) graphitic N; 2) pyridinic N; 3) pyrrolic N; 4) amine; 5) N oxides of pyridinic N
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    SEM images of a non-treated CNWs, b-e 10 s, 20 s, 30 s, and 40 s of N2 plasma treated CNWs, f-i 4 s, 8 s, 12 s, and 25 s of NH3 plasma treated CNWs
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    a, b The Raman spectra of CNWs before and after N2 and NH3 plasma post treatment. C, d ID/IG ratio of CNWs before and after N2 and NH3 plasma post treatment
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    a High resolution C 1s spectra, b N 1s spectra, and c content distributions of nitrogen configurations after N2 plasma post treatment. d High resolution C 1s spectra, e N 1s spectra, and f content distributions of nitrogen configurations after NH3 plasma post treatment
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    The C K-edge spectra of the CNWs and N-CNWs a non treated, 4 s, and 25 s of NH3 plasma treated CNWs, and b the non treated, 10 s, and 40 s N2 plasma treated CNWs
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    The schematic diagram of the plausible mechanism of nitrogen incorporation in CNWs using NH3 plasma post-treatment: a The interaction of plasma species with defects; b the substitution of N atoms in the SV to form graphitic-N and incorporating N at DV to form pyrrolic-N; c the transformation of pyrrolic-N to form pyridinic-N along with pyrrolic-N at DV
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    The schematic diagram of the possible mechanism of nitrogen incorporation in CNWs by N2 plasma post-treatment: a The interaction of plasma species with defects; b the substitution of N atoms in the SV to form graphitic-N and incorporating N at DV to form pyridinic-N; and lastly c the transformation of pyridinic-N to graphitic-N by the bond rotation at DV and formation of oxidized pyridinic-N groups by ex-situ adsorption of oxygen
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    The N K-edge spectra of the NH3 and N2 plasma-treated CNWs at different plasma exposure times
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    a b Temperature-dependent electrical conductivity of CNW and N CNWs: a after N2, and b after NH3 plasma treatment

• Hierarchical Self-assembly of Well-defined Louver-like P-doped Carbon Nitride Nanowire Arrays with Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution

  Bo Li1, Yuan Si1, Qian Fang1, Ying Shi2, Wei-Qing Huang1, *, Wangyu Hu1, *, Anlian Pan1, Xiaoxing Fan3, Gui-Fang Huang1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 52
  First Online: 17 February 2020 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-020-0399-1

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    Preparation process of L-PCN nanowire arrays. The quadrangular-like hydrogen-bonded supermolecular precursor is easily prepared by molecular coopertive assembly. Meanwhile, phosphoric acid molecules will be wrapped in or adsorbed on the precursors. After annealing, hierarchical self-assembly of CN nanowire arrays with well-defined louver-like nanostructures (L-CN) are eventually generated through releasing various gas, such as NH3, NO/NO2 and PH3, and the P atoms are successfully doped in the internal framework
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    Structural characterization of L-PCN. a Typical SEM images of L-PCN-1.0 supramolecular precursor. b SEM images of L-PCN-1.0 after thermal treatment with 500 degree centigrade, 4h. c Quadrangular and louver model of the supramolecular precursor and L-PCN nanowire arrays. d, e TEM images of L-PCN-1.0. f-i EDS elemental mapping images of L-PCN-1.0
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    The texture properties and chemical structures of CN and L-PCN. a Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms and b corresponding pore size distribution curves of CN and L-PCN-1.0. c, d XRD patterns and FTIR spectra of CN and L-PCN-1.0
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    The surface chemical compositions and chemical states characterization of C, N, and P elements for CN and L-PCN. a-c High resolution of C 1s, N 1s, and P 2p XPS spectra of CN and L-PCN-1.0. d Proposed structure of L-PCN (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus atoms are respectively indicated by gray, blue and pink spheres in the atomic model)
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    Optical properties characterization of CN and L-PCN. a UV-vis DRS and b corresponding bandgaps of CN and L-PCN-1.0 determined through the Tauc plots transformed from Kubelka-Munk function. c Photoluminescence emission spectra (with 350 nm excitation wavelength at room temperature) of CN and L-PCN-1.0. d Time-resolved photoluminescence decay spectra of CN and L-PCN-1.0. These spectra were recorded with the excitation of 400 nm from a picosecond pulsed light-emitting diode at room temperature
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    Photoelectrochemical characterization of CN and L-PCN. a Mott-Schottky plots with various frequencies of 1.0, 2.3, and 3.1 KHz for L-PCN-1.0 in 0.2 м Na2SO4 aqueous solution (PH = 6.8). b Band structure diagram for CN and L-PCN-1.0. c Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) Nyquist plots for CN and L-PCN-1.0 obtained in the dark. d Transient photocurrents of CN and L-PCN-1.0 in 0.2 м Na2SO4 aqueous solution
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    Photo/electrocatalytic activity characterization of CN and L-PCN. a Photocatalytic activity test of H2 evolution performance of CN and L-PCN-1.0 with 1 wt% Pt under visible light irradiation (λ>420 nm). b H2 evolution rate of CN and L-PCN-1.0. c Four cycling test of photocatalytic H2 evolution of L-PCN-1.0. d Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) plots of CN and L-PCN-1.0 catalysts for HER catalysis in 0.5 м H2SO4
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    DFT calculations and photocatalytic mechanism of L-PCN. Total density of states and partial density of states for a CN and b P-doped CN. The electron density distributions of the highest occupied (green) and lowest unoccupied orbit (orange) of c CN and d P-doped CN with an isovalue of 0.02 e Å-3. e Illustration of the photocatalytic process over L-PCN photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution. Grey, blue and pink spheres represent the C, N, and P atoms

• Engineering Leaf-like UiO-66-SO3H Membranes for Selective Transport of Cations

  Tingting Xu1, Muhammad Aamir Shehzad1, Xin Wang1, Bin Wu2, Liang Ge1, *, Tongwen Xu1, *	Abstract| Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 51
  First Online: 17 February 2020 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-020-0386-6

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    A simplistic three-step route to in situ grow the leaf-like membranes. Step 1, seeding of the UiO-66-SO3H at the surface of AAO substrate. Step 2, the in situ smart growth of leaf-like UiO-66-SO3H nanostructures in such a way. Step 3, fabrication of the highly decorated UiO-66-SO3H membrane at the AAO surface
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    a Route towards the synthesis of UiO-66-SO3H nanoparticles. SEM micrographs of b U-S(0), c U-S(10), d U-S(25), and e U-S(33) nanoparticles
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    a XRD patterns, b FTIR, c TG, d N2 adsorption measurement, e pore size distribution, and f sulfur content of U-S(X) nanoparticles
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    SEM surface and cross-section images of a blank AAO, b U-SM(0), c U-SM(10), d U-SM(25), and e U-SM(33). Photographs of the f blank AAO and g representative U-SM(25)
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    PXRD patterns of nanoparticles from two chambers in the preparation process of a U-SM(0), b U-SM(10), c U-SM(25), and d U-SM(33). GIXRD patterns of e U-SM(0), f U-SM(10), g U-SM(25), and h U-SM(33)
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    a Na+/Mg2+ and b K+/Mg2+ separation performance of U-SM(X)s, c K+/Mg2+ and Na+/Mg2+ separation performance of blank AAO, d permeation of 0.1 mol L-1 NaCl/KCl//LiCl/MgCl2 solution of U-SM(25)

• A hybrid Biofuel and Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Bioenergy Harvesting

  Hu Li1, 2, Xiao Zhang1, 2, Luming Zhao2, 3, Dongjie Jiang2, 3, Lingling Xu2, 3, Zhuo Liu1, 2, Yuxiang Wu4, Kuan Hu6, Ming-Rong Zhang6, Jiangxue Wang1, * , Yubo Fan1, *, Zhou Li2, 3, 5, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 50
  First Online: 14 February 2020 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-020-0376-8

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    a Conception graph of an implanted HEHS harvesting biomechanical energy and biochemical energy in body. b Biomechanical energy harvesting mechanism by TENG under the finger press. c Biochemical energy harvesting mechanism by GFC from glucose molecules in body fluid
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    a Structure diagram of TENG. b Surface micromorphology of Kapton film and Al foil. c Working mechanism of TENG with a contact-separation mode. d Output voltage and e output current of TENG before and after rectification. f Transferred charge of TENG before (upper) and after (lower) rectification
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    a Preparation process of cathode and anode films of GFC. b, e Surface micromorphology of original BC membrane. c, f Surface morphology of MWCNTs filtrated into BC membrane. d, g Micromorphology of Pt-Pd nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of MWCNTs/BC film
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    a Structure diagram of GFC in glucose solution. b Redox reaction of glucose at anode and cathode. c, d Variation of output voltage and current with different sizes. e-f Variation of output voltage and current with different loading times of Pt-Pd catalyst
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    a Structure diagram and b circuit diagram of the integrated HEHS for multiple energy harvesting. Demonstration of powering c a calculator and d a green BINN pattern by the HEHS in PBS/glucose solution. e Output current of rectified TENG, GFC and their hybrid device. f Output voltage of rectified TENG, GFC and their hybrid device. g Output voltage of unrectified TENG, GFC, and their hybrid device (i.e., HEHS). h Charging curves by rectified TENG, GFC and their hybrid device (i.e., HEHS). Charging/discharging curves of powering i a calculator and j a green BINN pattern

• Nanoparticle-Decorated Ultrathin La2O3 Nanosheets as An Efficient Electrocatalysis for Oxygen Evolution Reactions

  Guangyuan Yan1, 2, Yizhan Wang1, Ziyi Zhang1, Yutao Dong1, Jingyu Wang1, Corey Carlos1, Pu Zhang3, Zhiqiang Cao2, *, Yanchao Mao3, *, Xudong Wang1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 49
  First Online: 14 February 2020 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-020-0387-5

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    Morphology and elemental information of La2O3 nanosheets and La2O3@NP-NS. a SEM image of La2O3 nanosheets on a silicon substrate. b AFM topography scan of La2O3 nanosheets. c Height profiles derived from the red line in b. d SEM image of La2O3@NP-NS on a silicon substrate at low magnification. Inset is high-magnification SEM image of La2O3@NP-NS. e AFM topography scan of La2O3@NP-NS. f High-magnification AFM topography scan of La2O3@NP-NS. g Height profiles derived from the red line in e. h La 3d and i O 1s XPS spectrum of La2O3@NP-NS
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    Structural characterization of 2.27-nm La2O3@NP-NS. a TEM image of hexagonal La2O3@NP-NS on a holey carbon TEM grid. b TEM image taken from a corner of a large La2O3@NP-NS. c SAED pattern of La2O3@NP-NS. d HRTEM image of La2O3@NP-NS
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    Electrocatalytic OER performance comparison of 2.27-nm La2O3@NP-NS (red), 8.68 nm La2O3@NP-NS (green), and 28.26 nm La2O3 nanosheets (magenta), ILE synthesized La2O3 NPs (violet), commercial IrO2 (blue), RuO2 (olive), and La2O3 powder (orange). a OER polarization curves measured in 1 M NaOH solution. b Tafel plots. c Nyquist plots measured in 1 M NaOH solution at a potential of 310 mV vs. RHE. d Enlarged Nyquist plots. e Mass activity determined from current density as a function of ŋ. f TOF determined from j as a function of η
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    Electrochemical stability tests. a Current density measured at η = 345 mV (vs. RHE) as a function of time. b OER polarization curves of 2.27-nm La2O3@NP-NS before and after 11-hour OER

• Stabilising Cobalt Sulphide Nanocapsules with Nitrogen-Doped Carbon for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Storage

  Yilan Wu1, #, Rohit R. Gaddam1, #, Chao Zhang2, Hao Lu1, Chao Wang3, Dmitri Golberg2, Xiu Song Zhao1, 3, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 48
  First Online: 12 February 2020 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-020-0391-9

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    a XRD pattern of the Co9S8@NC composites and the standard XRD patterns of Co (JCPDS No. 04-004-3107) and Co9S8 (JCPDS No. 04-006-5681). b-e High-resolution XPS spectra of Co9S8@NC-9. f Raman spectra of the Co9S8@NC
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    Morphology and structure of the as-prepared Co9S8@NC-9. a-c TEM images with different magnifications. d, e HRTEM images presenting the lattice fringes. f SAED pattern. g Elemental mapping images showing the distribution of C, Co, S, and N elements
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    Electrochemical performance of the Co9S8@NC electrodes. a CV profiles of Co9S8@NC-9 electrode for the initial three cycles. b Galvanostatic discharge-charge profiles of Co9S8@NC-9 at 100 mA g-1. c Rate performance and corresponding d discharge-charge profiles at various current densities from 100 to 4,000 mA g-1. e Long-term cycling stability at a high current density of 1,000 mA g-1
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    a-c In situ TEM investigation of structural changes of the Co9S8@NC electrode during varied sodiation depths. SAED patterns the Co9S8@NC electrode at d sodiated to 0.01 V and e desodiated to 2.5 V illustrating the compositional changes. f HRTEM images of Co9S8@NC electrode after long-term cycling after 400 cycles
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    Operando XRD patterns collected at various states of the initial discharge/charge process of a Co9S8@NC-9/sodium electrochemical cell. Contour plots of the diffraction peak evolution of Co9S8 (311) and Co (111) planes. The corresponding galvanostatic discharge-charge profiles at a current density of 20 mA g-1 from the open circuit potential to 0.01 V
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    Electrochemical performance of the Co9S8@NC-9//CG NIC cells. a The CV curves of the Co9S8@NC-9//CG NIC full cell. b Galvanostatic charge-discharge profiles and c rate performance at various current densities from 0.1 to 5 A g-1. d Ragone plots of the Co9S8@NC-9//CG NIC cell and the comparison with other reported NIC systems. e Cycling performance of a Co9S8@NC-9//CG NIC at a rate of 1 A g-1

• Fucoidan-based Theranostic Nanogel for Enhancing Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer

  Mi Hyeon Cho1, #, Yan Li1, #, Pui-Chi Lo2, Hyeri Lee1, Yongdoo Choi1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 47
  First Online: 04 February 2020 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-020-0384-8

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    a Synthetic steps of Ce6-fucoidan theranostic nanogel (CFN-gel). b Schematic illustration of CFN-gel and its mode of action
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    Characterization of CFN-gel. a Hydrodynamic size distribution of CFN-gel. b TEM image of CFN-gel. c UV/Vis absorption spectra of CFN-gels in surfactant-containing (0.1M NaOH/1% SDS) (solid line) and PBS (dotted line) solutions at a 2 µM Ce6 equivalent. d Fluorescence spectra (ex 400 nm) of CFN-gel in surfactant-containing (solid line) and PBS (dotted line) solutions at 2 µM Ce6 equivalent
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    Redox-responsive turn-on of fluorescence signal and singlet oxygen generation of CFN-gel. a Fluorescence spectra of CFN-gel treated with DTT (0, 5 µM, or 5 mM) for 4 h (ex = 400 nm). b Time-dependent increase in SOSG fluorescence of DTT-treated CFN-gel during 670 nm laser irradiation (n = 4)
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    Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis. a Sensor gram of SPR for evaluating the binding affinity between fucoidan and VEGF165 (equilibrium dissociation rate constant (KD) = 953.0 nM), and CFN-gel and VEGF165 (KD = 756.1 nM). b Sensor gram of SPR for evaluating the binding affinity between fucoidan and P-selectin (KD = 69.71 nM), and between CFN-gel and P-selectin (KD = 718.9 nM)
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    a NIR fluorescence images of free Ce6 and CFN-gel-treated HT1080 cancer cells. The HT1080 cancer cells were treated with free Ce6 or CFN-gel at a 2 µM Ce6 equivalent for 6 h. After washing the cells, NIR fluorescence images (ex = 633 nm, em = 650, using a long-pass filter) were obtained. The red color indicates the fluorescence signals generated from Ce6. b Quantitative analysis of fluorescence intensities in the free Ce6 and CFN-gel-treated HT1080 cells (n = 4). c In vitro dark cytotoxicity of the HT1080 cells after treatment with free Ce6 and CFN-gel at various concentrations. d In vitro phototoxicity of the HT1080 cells after treatment with free Ce6 and CFN-gel at various concentrations upon 670 nm light irradiation (50 mW cm-2, 10 J cm-2). The IC50 of the CFN-gel is 2.73 µM
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    In vivo evaluation of selective tumor imaging in xenograft tumor models. a NIR fluorescence images of PBS-, free Ce6-, or CFN-gel-treated mice. After 5 min and 24 h of intravenous injection of PBS (100 μL), free Ce6 (5 mg Ce6/kg), or a CFN-gel (5 mg Ce6 equiv. kg-1), NIR fluorescence images of the HT1080 tumor-bearing mice were obtained (λex = 660/20nm, λem = 710/40 nm). b Left: Ex vivo NIR fluorescence images of the tumors and major organs (T: tumor, S: spleen, K: kidney, Li: liver, Lu: lung, H: heart) at 24 post-injection. Right: quantitative analysis comparison of fluorescent intensity in the tissues (n = 3 per group). c Confocal fluorescence microscopic images of tumor sections prepared 24 h post-injection. Nuclei in the tumor sections were stained using DAPI. The fluorescence of DAPI (λex = 405 nm, λem = 420-480 nm) and Ce6 (λex = 633 nm, λem = 647-754 nm) were pseudocolored in blue and red, respectively. d Immunohistochemical staining images of CD62P expression (i.e., P-selectin) in the tumor sections
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    Anti-tumor activity of CFN-gel combined with PDT in vivo. a Left: Tumor growth curves of mice. Control group (n = 7), free Ce6 + PDT (n = 5), CFN-gel (n = 7), and CFN-gel + PDT (n = 5). PBS, Free Ce6, or Ce6-fucoidan were injected intravenously on day 1. Light illumination (670 nm, 50 mW cm-2, 20 J cm-2) of the tumors was conducted on day 2 for PDT. Right: Representative photographs of the mice obtained on day 10. b Immunohistochemical staining of CD31 (for tumor blood vessels) and TUNEL (for apoptotic cell death) of tumor sections collected from different groups of mice at 24 h after PDT. c Left: Micrographs of immunohistochemical staining of CD31 and TUNEL-stained tumor sections collected from control and CFN-gel groups of mice at day 7. Right: Quantitative analysis of CD31 and TUNEL assays in the tumor sections. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001
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    In vivo biocompatibility of CFN-gel. a Representative H&E-stained images of major organs collected from different treatment groups on day 10. b Blood chemistry data of mice in the PBS-, free Ce6-, and CFN-gel-treated groups on day 10 (n = 4). c Change in average body weight of mice in different groups over time. No apparent signs of toxicity in organs, blood biomarkers, and body weights were observed in any treatment group

• Ultrathin 2D Metal Organic Framework Nanosheets In-situ Interpenetrated by Functional Carbon Nanotubes for Hybrid Energy Storage Device

  Feitian Ran1, Xueqing Xu1, Duo Pan2, Yuyan Liu1, Yongping Bai1, Lu Shao1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 46
  First Online: 04 February 2020 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-020-0382-x

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    a Schematic illustration for the synthesis of ultrathin Ni-MOF/C-CNTs nanosheets. SEM images of as-synthesized b, c Ni-MOF and d, e Ni-MOF/C-CNTs40 nanosheets. f EDS mapping for C, O, and Ni elements of the Ni-MOF/C-CNTs40
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    TEM images of a, b Ni-MOF, c-e Ni-MOF/C-CNTs40 nanosheets with different magnification. f HRTEM image of Ni-MOF/C-CNTs40
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    Physical characterization of as-synthesized samples. a XRD patterns and b FT-IR spectra of Ni-MOF and a series of Ni-MOF/C-CNTs nanostructures. c XPS spectrum of Ni-MOF/C-CNTs40. High-resolution XPS spectra of d Ni 2p and e O 1s. f N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and pore size distribution plots (inset) of Ni-MOF and Ni-MOF/C-CNTs40
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    Electrochemical evaluation measured in 3M KOH electrolyte with a three-electrode system. a CV curves at 10 mV s-1 and b GCD curves at 1 A g-1 for Ni-MOF and a series of Ni-MOF/C-CNTs nanostructures. c CV curves at different scan rate, d the relationship between the scan rate and peak current density, and e GCD curves at various current densities for Ni-MOF/C-CNTs40. f Specific capacities for Ni-MOF and a series of Ni-MOF/C-CNTs
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    a Schematic illustration of the MOF/C-CNTs40//AC HSC device. b CV curves of Ni-MOF/C-CNTs40 and commercial AC electrodes at 5 mV s-1 in three electrode system, respectively. c CV curves of the HSC device in various voltages at 20 mV s-1. d GCD curves of the HSC device at various current densities. e Cycling performance at the current density of 2 A g-1 and two devices in series can lighten up a red LED indicator (inset). f Ragone plots of HSC device

Volume 11 (2019)

• Recent Progress on Engineering Highly Efficient Porous Semiconductor Photocatalysts Derived from Metal–Organic Frameworks

  Wenwen Zhan1, Liming Sun1, Xiguang Han1,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 1
  First Online: 08 January 2019 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0235-z

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    Timeline of the important breakthroughs in the fabrication of MOF-derived photocatalysts for various reactions
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    a Schematic illustration of MOF-templated synthesis of Fe2O3@TiO2 and its use for photocatalytic hydrogen production after deposition of Pt particles; high-resolution TEM images of Fe2O3@TiO2, both b as-synthesized and c after Pt particles have been deposited. The scale bars represent 10 nm; d H2 produced by Fe2O3@TiO2 at various times over 48 h under visible-light illumination. The inset shows the amount of H2 produced over this period.
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    a–c TEM and HRTEM images of PHIC. d STEM image and EDXS elemental mapping of C, O, and In. e mass-normalized H2 yield rates over PHIC, PHI, and commercial In2O3 under sunlight illumination. f photocurrent densities of PHIC, PHI, and commercial In2O3 under non-illuminated (i.e., dark) and illuminated (i.e., light) conditions. g Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Nyquist plots of PHIC, PHI, and commercial In2O3. h mass-normalized H2 yield for 7 h over commercial In2O3, PHI, commercial In2O3 with Pt, PHI with Pt, and PHIC without Pt under simulated sunlight illumination.
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    a Schematic illustration of the synthesis of hierarchically porous metal oxides/sulfides templated by MOFs by a nanocasting process. b Photocurrent response and c EIS Nyquist plots for bulk CdS, nano-CdS as well as HP-CdS. d Comparison of the photocatalytic hydrogen production rates of bulk CdS, nano-CdS, and HP-CdS. e Catalytic recyclability of HP-CdS in hydrogen production by water splitting.
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    a Schematic illustration of the synthetic procedure for NiS/ZnxCd1−xS. b PXRD patterns of NiS/ZnxCd1−xS. c TEM image and particle size distribution (Fig. 2c inset) of NiS/Zn0.5Cd0.5S. d EELS elemental mapping images and e HRTEM image of NiS/Zn0.5Cd0.5S. f EIS plots, g photocurrent–time dependence, and h comparison of photocatalytic HER rates of NiS/ZnxCd1−xS; i HER cycling test for NiS/Zn0.5Cd0.5S under visible-light irradiation.
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    a Schematic illustration of the fabrication of Pt–ZnO–Co3O4, Pt–ZnS–CoS, and Pt–Zn3P2–CoP photocatalysts. a1–a3 TEM images of Pt–ZnO–Co3O4, Pt–ZnS–CoS, and Pt–Zn3P2–CoP. b1–b4 Photocatalytic hydrogen generation as the function of reaction time over different photocatalysts.
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    a Schematic illustration of the synthetic procedure of ZNGs and four types of bonding configurations of N atoms (1 graphitic N, 2 pyrrolic N, 3 pyridinic N, 4 pyridine-N-oxide). b Photocatalytic activities of ZNGs for H2 production with Pt as a cocatalyst. c Photocatalytic activity of ZNG-1000 under a prolonged light illumination for 12 h without Pt as a cocatalyst (inset: time course of the H2 evolution rate of ZNGs without Pt as a cocatalyst). d High-resolution TEM image of ZNG-1000.
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    a Low- and b high-magnification TEM images of Co3O4 hollow dodecahedra. c Low- and d high-magnification TEM images of CW-2 hollow dodecahedra. e HRTEM image of Co3O4 hollow dodecahedra (inset is the SAED pattern recorded for the whole particle). f HRTEM image of CW-2 hollow dodecahedra (inset is the SAED pattern recorded from the whole particle). g TOF and h transient photocurrent response of Co3O4 and CW-n under visible-light irradiation (from left to right: Co3O4, CW-1, CW-2, and CW-3).
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    a Schematic illustration of the synthetic process of the hierarchical In2S3–CdIn2S4 heterostructured nanotube: (I) liquid phase sulfidation and (II) cation exchange reaction. b, c TEM images of hierarchical In2S3 nanotubes. d Elemental mappings of an individual In2S3 nanotube. e–g TEM images of hierarchical In2S3–CdIn2S4-10 nanotubes. h Elemental mappings of a single In2S3–CdIn2S4-10 nanotube. i–n CO2 photoreduction performance. i Generation of CO and H2 over different samples. j Evolution of CO and H2 under various reaction conditions. k Results of GC–MS analysis of CO produced from 13CO2 isotope experiment. l Production of CO and H2 as a function of reaction time. m Formation of CO and H2 in stability tests. n Wavelength dependence of yields of CO and H2, and the light absorption spectrum of In2S3–CdIn2S4-10 photocatalyst.
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    Structure characterization of the core–shell cuboctahedron structure: a FESEM image, b and c TEM images, d SAED pattern, and e–g the corresponding HRTEM images. h STEM image of the core–shell cuboctahedron structure and the corresponding EDXS elemental mapping of C, Cu, N, and O and i line profiles. j Photocatalytic equation and reaction conditions. k Product yield correlation with reaction time in the CDC reaction between indole and N-aryl-tetrahydroisoquinoline catalyzed by different catalysts. l Cycling experiments using CNPC as the catalyst.
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    Structures of the three normal dye pollutants
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    SEM images of a ZIF-8, b ZnO-300-3, c ZnO-300-5, d ZnO-500-5, and e ZnO-750-5. f Photodegradation of MB over different catalysts. SEM images of g ZIF-8-derived pure ZnO and h N-doped ZnO. i Photodegradation of RhB by blank (absence of photocatalyst), pure ZnO, and N-doped ZnO with different ratios of urea and ZIF-8 as the precursors. SEM (j, k) and TEM (l, m) images of C350–400. j The calculated reaction rates k for RhB (n1) and phenol (n2) photodegradation under visible light (> 420 nm), k for RhB (n3) and phenol (n4) photodegradation under UV–Vis light (Xenon light)

• Bimetallic Nickel Cobalt Sulfide as Efficient Electrocatalyst for Zn–Air Battery and Water Splitting

  Jingyan Zhang1, Xiaowan Bai2, Tongtong Wang1, Wen Xiao3, Pinxian Xi4, Jinlan Wang2, Daqiang Gao1,*, John Wang3,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 2
  First Online: 09 January 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0232-2

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    a XRD spectra of (Ni,Co)S2, NiS2, and CoS2. b High-resolution XRD spectra with 2 theta angles ranging from 30.5° to 33.5°. c Raman spectra of (Ni,Co)S2, NiS2, and CoS2. d SEM image of (Ni,Co)S2. The insert is high-magnification SEM image. e TEM image, f, h HRTEM images, and g EDS spectrum of (Ni,Co)S2. i EDS mapping images of Ni, Co, and S elements in (Ni,Co)S2
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    High-resolution XPS spectra of a Co 2p, b Ni 2p, and c S 2p. d Density of states (DOS) curves of (Ni,Co)S2, NiS2, and CoS2. e Partial density of states (PDOS) curves of (Ni,Co)S2. Insert shows the optimized crystal structure of (Ni,Co)S2. f Charge density distribution of (Ni,Co)S2
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    a Polarization curves of (Ni,Co)S2, NiS2, CoS2, and Ir/C (20% Ir) at 5 mV s−1 in 0.1 M KOH. b Tafel slopes obtained from the corresponding polarization curves. c EIS of (Ni,Co)S2, NiS2, and CoS2. The inset is an analogue circuit diagram. d Cdl obtained by cyclic voltammetry at different scan rates. e I–t curves at 1.5 V versus RHE for 7 × 104 s. f Schematic of Gibbs free energy changes in the four elementary steps during OER on (100) surface of (Ni,Co)S2. g Proposed 4-step OER path presented using the model of (100) surface of (Ni,Co)S2
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    a ORR polarization curves of (Ni,Co)S2, NiS2, CoS2, and Pt/C (20% Pt) at 2 mV s−1 in 0.1 M KOH at 1600 rpm. b CVs of (Ni,Co)S2 in O2 and N2-saturated 0.1 M KOH solution. c ORR polarization curves of (Ni,Co)S2 at different rotation rates from 400 to 2400 rpm. The inset figure is the K–L plots. d RRDE polarization curves of (Ni,Co)S2 at 1600 rpm. The ring electrode was polarized at 1.5 V at a scan rate of 2 mV s−1. e Bifunctional electrocatalytic activities of various catalysts toward both ORR and OER
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    a Schematic illustration of rechargeable Zn–air battery. b Open cell voltage curve and c polarization and power density curves of (Ni,Co)S2-based primary Zn–air battery. d Galvanostatic discharge–charge cycling curves at 2 mA cm−2 of the rechargeable Zn–air battery. e Charge–discharge efficiency of the Zn–air battery at the beginning and end. f Long-time discharge curves of (Ni,Co)S2-based Zn–air battery at 5 mA cm−2. g Photograph of red LED powered by two (Ni,Co)S2-based Zn–air batteries. h Photographs of an electronic watch powered by the (Ni,Co)S2-based Zn–air battery
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    a HER polarization curves of (Ni,Co)S2, NiS2, and CoS2 at 5 mV s−1 in 0.1 M KOH. b Tafel slopes obtained from their polarization curves. c Schematic diagram of the self-assembled water-splitting system. d LSV curves of overall water splitting by (Ni,Co)S2 electrocatalyst in a two-electrode configuration at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1. e Two electrodes after water splitting powered by two in-series (Ni,Co)S2-based Zn–air batteries. f Time dependence of the mole quantities of H2 and O2 produced in the self-driven overall water-splitting unit

• Coral-Like Yolk–Shell-Structured Nickel Oxide/Carbon Composite Microspheres for High-Performance Li-Ion Storage Anodes

  Min Su Jo1, Subrata Ghosh2, Sang Mun Jeong2, Yun Chan Kang3,*, Jung Sang Cho1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 3
  First Online: 09 January 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0234-0

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    Morphologies of the as-prepared powders obtained by spray pyrolysis at different temperatures: a 300 °C, b 400 °C, c 500 °C, d 600 °C, e 700 °C, and f 800 °C
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    Morphologies of the as-prepared powders obtained from the solution containing Ni salt, PVP, and a without PS nanobeads, b with 10 g L−1, c 20 g L−1, d 40 g L−1, and e 80 g L−1 PS nanobeads
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    a, b, d FE-SEM images, c, e HR-TEM images, f SAED pattern, and g elemental mapping images of the CYS-Ni/NiO/C microspheres
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    XRD patterns of the a CYS-Ni/NiO/C and b CYS-NiO/C microspheres
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    a, b, d FE-SEM images, c, e HR-TEM images, f SAED pattern, and g elemental mapping images of the CYS-NiO/C microspheres
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    a Survey XPS, b Ni 2p XPS, c C 1s XPS and d Raman spectra, e N2 adsorption and desorption isotherms, and f BJH pore size distribution of the CYS-NiO/C microspheres
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    Formation mechanism of the coral-like yolk–shell-structured NiO/C composite microspheres
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    Electrochemical properties of the CYS-NiO/C, CYS-Ni/NiO/C, and hollow NiO microspheres for lithium-ion storage: a CV curves of the CYS-NiO/C microspheres, b 1st charge/discharge curves at the current density of 1.0 A g−1, c cycling performance at the current density of 1.0 A g−1, d rate performance of the CYS-NiO/C microspheres, and e long-term cycling performance of the CYS-NiO/C microspheres at the current density of 2.0 A g−1
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    a–c Nyquist impedance plots (lines represent fitting data) and d relationships between the real part of the impedance (Zre) and ω−1/2 of the CYS-NiO/C, CYS-Ni/NiO/C, and hollow NiO microspheres: a before cycling, b after the 1st cycle, c, d after the 200th cycle
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    Morphologies of a hollow NiO, b, c CYS-NiO/C, and d CYS-Ni/NiO/C microspheres after the 200th cycles: a, b, d FE-SEM images and c TEM images

• In Situ Coupling Strategy for Anchoring Monodisperse Co9S8 Nanoparticles on S and N Dual-Doped Graphene as a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Rechargeable Zn–Air Battery

  Qi Shao1, Jiaqi Liu1, Qiong Wu1, Qiang Li1, Heng‑guo Wang1,*, Yanhui Li1, Qian Duan1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 4
  First Online: 09 January 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0231-3

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    Schematic illustration of the synthesis of Co9S8/NSG
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    a UV–Vis absorption spectra of TSPP, TSPPCo, and TSPPCo/GO. b XRD patterns and c Raman spectra of the different samples. d N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms and the pore size distribution (inset) of Co9S8/NSG-700
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    a Low- and b high-resolution SEM images of Co9S8/NSG-700. c TEM image of Co9S8/NSG-700. d HRTEM image of Co9S8/NSG-700. e TEM image and elemental mapping of carbon, nitrogen, cobalt, and sulfur
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    a XPS survey, and high-resolution XPS spectra of b N 1 s, c Co 2p, and d S 2p of Co9S8/NSG-600, Co9S8/NSG-700, and Co9S8/NSG-800
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    ORR performance of Co9S8/NSG-700 in 0.1 M KOH. a CV curves of Co9S8/NSG-700 in N2-saturated and O2-saturated solutions. b LSV curves of Co9S8/C-700, NSG-700, Co9S8/NSG-700, and Pt/C at 1600 rpm. c LSV curves of Co9S8/NSG-700 at different rotating rates. d K–L plots and the electron transfer number (inset) obtained from RDE results of Co9S8/NSG-700. e Tafel plots of the samples. f Current–time (i − t) chronoamperometric response of Co9S8/NSG-700 and Pt/C in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH
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    OER performance of Co9S8/NSG-700 in 1 M KOH. a LSV curves and b Tafel plots of Co9S8/NSG-700, RuO2, and Pt/C. c Current–time (i − t) chronoamperometric response of Co9S8/NSG-700 and RuO2. d Combined ORR/OER LSV curves of Co9S8/NSG-700, RuO2, and Pt/C
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    a Schematic illustration of the assembled rechargeable Zn–air battery. b Open-circuit plots of Co9S8/NSG-700 (inset: photograph of the open-circuit potential). c Galvanodynamic charge–discharge profiles of Co9S8/NSG-700 and Pt/C–RuO2. d Galvanodynamic discharge curve profiles and corresponding power density curves of Co9S8/NSG-700 and Pt/C–RuO2. e Cycling curves of the Co9S8/NSG-700 and Pt/C–RuO2 at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. f Photographs of an LED bike lamp powered by three Zn–air batteries of Co9S8/NSG-700 catalysts before and after 12 h (8:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m., respectively)
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    a Schematic illustration of the assembled homemade all-solid-state batteries. b Open-circuit plots (inset: photograph of open-circuit potential). c Galvanodynamic charge–discharge profiles and corresponding power density curves. d Cycling curves of the batteries at a current density of 2 mA cm−2 (inset: photographs of an LED powered by two all-solid-state Zn–air batteries before and after 10 min)

• Enhanced Roles of Carbon Architectures in High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

  Lu Wang1, Junwei Han1, Debin Kong2,*, Ying Tao1, Quan-Hong Yang1,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 5
  First Online: 10 January 2019 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0233-1

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    Carbon-architecture assembly strategies for building high-energy and high-power LIBs
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    Assembly methods with the assistance of external forces or fields. a Schematic of silicon pomegranates. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [30]. b Schematic of the fabrication process for H-Fe3O4/GS hybrid films. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [39]. c Schematic of the gradient electrospinning and controlled pyrolysis method. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [45]. d Schematic of the synthesis rGO/Fe3O4 hybrid paper. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [52]. e VA-CNTs/Si structure. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [56]. f Schematic of the fabrication processes for nanostructured P-doped Si/graphite composites.
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    a Sketch and SEM images of graphite flakes coated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles. b Graphite-electrode casting. c Sketch depicting lithium diffusion pathways in both electrode architectures. d Rate capability.
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    a Schematic of MoS2@G. b Free-standing MoS2@G membrane. SEM images of: c Mo-SiO2-PVP, d Mo-SiO2@G, and e MoS2@G. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [87]. f HRTEM image of Gr-Si NP. g HRTEM image visualizing the origins (red arrows) of individual graphene-layer growth. h Schematic illustration showing the sliding of graphene coating layers that buffer the volume expansion of Si.
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    a Schematic of the fabrication process. b Cross-sectional SEM image. (Inset) A free-standing monolithic electrode. c Rate capability at tunable nanoporosity. d Rate performance at different mass loadings.
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    a Schematic of the lithiation/delithiation processes of the Ge-QD@NG/NGF/PDMS yolk-shell electrode. b, c SEM and d, e TEM images before cycling and under lithiation after 1,000 cycles at a current density of 1 C.
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    a Schematic of in-situ nanocrystal growth with GO as both hard and soft templates. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [108]. b Schematic of the sulfur-template control strategy that incorporates void space. HRTEM image of SnO2@GC: c before sulfur removal and d after removal of all of the original sulfur (Scale bar: 5 nm). e Cycling performance.
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    8 a Design concept of a 3D carbon-based current collector. b Visual comparisons of batteries with an ultrathick 3D electrode and a conventional design. Morphology and microstructure: c top view and d cross-sectional view. e Electrochemical performance.

• Comprehensive Application of Graphene: Emphasis on Biomedical Concerns

  S. Syama1, P. V. Mohanan1,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 6
  First Online: 12 January 2019 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0237-5

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    Process of graphene synthesis. Graphite is exfoliated and oxidized to form hydrophilic graphene oxide (brown solution). Graphene oxide is further reduced to obtain reduced graphene oxide, which is less stable in water (black solution)
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    Drug and gene delivery applications. a Delivery of doxorubicin using amine-PEG-functionalized GO. b siRNA delivery and mRNA degradation using PEI-conjugated GO for gene silencing technology (RISC—RNA-induced silencing complex)
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    Anticancer therapy. a Photothermal destruction of tumor cells following GQD exposure and irradiation. b Development of the phototoxicity on/off system for subcellular targeting and selective destruction of tumor cells. c Combined chemo- and photothermal destruction of tumor cells using drug-loaded graphene nanosheets under NIR irradiation. d Photodynamic therapy using magnetic GO nanoconjugates functionalized with aptamer and an ICG photosensitizer to achieve targeted cancer cell destruction
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    Graphene-based biosensors. a FRET-based graphene sensors for the detection of target DNA using fluorescent-labeled ssDNA. b Graphene biosensors for the immobilization of enzymes to monitor enzyme activity. c Graphene immunosensor for the detection of an antigen–antibody complex for early disease diagnosis. d Graphene nanohybrid electrochemical aptasensor for endotoxin detection. Step 1: Complementary DNA 1 is hybridized to LBA. Step 2: LPS binds to LBA, promoting the release of DNA 1. Step 3: Together with the help of an associated probe, DNA 1 binds to a capture probe and forms a Y-shaped structure. Step 4: Exonuclease nicking cleaves the capture probe and releases both DNA 1 and the assistant probe. Step 5: DNA 1 and the assistant probe are rehybridized to the new capture probe, and the cycle continues. Step 6: More numbers of cleaved capture probes are formed. Step 7: Capture probes are hybridized to DNA 2 nanocomposites, resulting in the production of electrochemical signals. e Structure of the magnetocatalytic GQD-based Janus micromotors and fluorescence quenching upon binding of LPS
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    Bioimaging application. a Graphene quantum dots for in vitro cellular imaging. b Mechanism of toxicity induced by graphene in bacterial cells
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    Graphene as a scaffold for tissue engineering. a The figure explains that graphene enhances the viability and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells and also induces their differentiation toward osteogenesis and neuronal cells without the addition of any differentiation factors. b Layer-by-layer assembly of graphene sheets printed using a 3D printer. c Three-dimensional printing and layer-by-layer assembly of a graphene-HA scaffold
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    Protein corona. a Formation of a hard and a soft corona on the surface of nanoparticles, following the incubation of nanoparticles with serum. b Isolation and separation of hard corona proteins that bind to graphene sheets by repeated centrifugation and washing. c SDS-PAGE analysis of hard corona proteins isolated from PRGO incubated with FBS at different time periods (5 min, 30 min, and 2 h). Only BSA (~ 66 kDa) formed a hard corona by strongly binding onto the surface of PRGO under different reaction conditions
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    Graphene–bio interaction. a Mechanism of graphene nanomaterial-induced toxicity (oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation) in mammalian cells. b In vivo organ toxicity induced in animals following graphene administration. c Biochemical parameters following single (i) and repeated (ii) administration of PRGO in mice. d Histopathological sections of the liver (i—control, iii—PRGO group) and the kidney (ii—control, iv—PRGO group)

• Machine Learning Approach to Enhance the Performance of MNP-Labeled Lateral Flow Immunoassay

  Wenqiang Yan1, Kan Wang1,*, Hao Xu2, Xuyang Huo3,*, Qinghui Jin4,5, Daxiang Cui1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 7
  First Online: 17 January 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0239-3

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    Format and assay principle of ICTS
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    Assay procedure comprising brief working principle of MIR
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    a Validation card with ICTS cartridge and QR code. b Waveform of validation card, comprising three levels of magnetic intensity: low, medium, and high
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    a Waveform for a single coil employed as the induction coil in the first version of the MIR. b Waveform for a pair of coils employed as the induction coil
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    Flow chart for data processing procedure
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    a Waveform of raw detection data. b Filtered waveform
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    Results of waveform reconstruction (in the small diagram). Blue line is the distorted waveform and green line is the reconstructed waveform
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    a HCG strips used for standard curve. Concentrations from 1 to 8 were 1000, 500, 100, 50, 10, 5, 1, and 0 mIU mL-1. b Standard curve for HCG strips
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    a Multiplex line strip and its waveform for detecting cTnI (TL1), CKMB (TL2), and Myo (TL3) simultaneously. Correlation between the results obtained by clinical ECLIA methods and this platform for b cTnI, c CKMB, and d Myo detection in serum samples

• Flexible, Porous, and Metal–Heteroatom-Doped Carbon Nanofibers as Efficient ORR Electrocatalysts for Zn–Air Battery

  Qijian Niu1,2, Binling Chen3,*, Junxia Guo1,2, Jun Nie1,2, Xindong Guo1,2, Guiping Ma1,2,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 8
  First Online: 19 January 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0238-4

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    Schematic illustration for the preparation of Zn/Co-N@PCNFs from electrospun Zn/Co-ZIFs/PAN nanofibers: a the micro-morphologies of the nanofibers before and after carbonization; b the simulated cross section diagram; c the simulated molecular structure diagram; d the digital photographs of the nanofiber film before and after carbonization
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    SEM images of the a Zn/Co-ZIFs/PAN nanofibers and b Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800; TEM images of a single nanofiber c Zn/Co-ZIFs/PAN nanofiber and d Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800; HR-TEM images and STEM elemental mappings of e a single Zn/Co-ZIFs/PAN nanofiber and f a single Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800
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    a TG and DTG curves of Zn/Co-ZIFs/PAN nanofibers; b FT-IR spectra; c XRD patterns; and d Raman spectra of Zn/Co-ZIFs/PAN nanofibers and their carbonized samples with different carbonization temperatures (500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C)
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    TEM images of the samples obtained at different carbonization temperature: a 500 °C, b 600 °C, c 700 °C, d 800 °C, e 900 °C, and f 1000 °C (Insets are the size distributions of metal nanoparticles)
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    High-magnification HR-TEM images of the samples at different carbonization temperature: a 500 °C, b 600 °C, c 700 °C, d 800 °C, e 900 °C, and f 1000 °C (Insets are their corresponding SAED patterns)
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    XPS high-resolution spectra of a Zn 2p, b Co 2p, and c N 1s levels at different carbonization temperatures
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    N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm of the samples at different carbonization temperature: a 500 °C, b 600 °C, c 700 °C, d 800 °C, e 900 °C, and f 1000 °C
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    a CV curves of Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 in 0.1-M N2-saturated and O2-saturated KOH with a sweep rate of 50 mV s-1; b LSV curves for Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 and 20 wt% Pt/C in 0.1-M O2-saturated KOH electrolyte with a 10 mV s-1 and a rotation rate of 1600 rpm; c LSV curves of Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 at different rotation speeds from 400–2500 rpm; d K-L plots of Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 at different potentials; e Chronoamperometric response of Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 and 20 wt% Pt/C in 0.1-M O2-saturated KOH aqueous solution at 0.71 V vs. RHE; f The durability test of Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 and 20 wt% Pt/C for methanol, the arrow indicates the introduction of 1 mL methanol
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    a Schematic representation of the basic configuration of a two electrode Zn-air battery by coupling the Zn electrode with an air electrode to execute ORR and OER in 6 M KOH solution as the electrolyte; b Catalytic mechanism diagram of cathode about Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800; c Photographs of a green LED (1.8 V) powered by two Zn-air batteries integrated in series; d Discharge polarization and power-density curves of the Zn-air batteries using Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 and 20 wt% Pt/C+RuO2 as ORR catalysts (mass loading of 1.2 mg cm-2)；e Specific capacities for the Zn-air battery using Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 and 20 wt% Pt/C+RuO2 as an ORR catalyst, which was regularized with consumed Zn mass; f Galvanostatic discharge and charge cycling curves at 10 mA cm-2 with each cycle for 10 min (5 min charge and 5 min discharge) of rechargeable Zn-air batteries with the Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 and 20 wt% Pt/C+RuO2 as the cathode catalyst

• N, F-Codoped Microporous Carbon Nanofibers as Efficient Metal-Free Electrocatalysts for ORR

  Tianle Gong1, Ruoyu Qi1, Xundao Liu2, Hong Li1,*, Yongming Zhang1	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 9
  First Online: 22 January 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0240-x

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    Schematic illustration of N, F-MCFs ORR catalysts
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    SEM images of a electrospun PAN/PVP/PVDF nanofibers, b PAN/PVDF porous nanofibers after hydrothermal treatment, N, F-MCFs with different compositions, c PAN/PVP/PVDF = 1/1/1, d PAN/PVP/PVDF = 1/1/1.5. e, f TEM images of N, F-MCFs
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    a XRD patterns, b Raman spectra, c, d N2 adsorption isotherms (Inset of c and d are pore size distributions of N, F-MCFs-A and N, F-MCFs-B)
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    a, d XPS spectra of N, F-MCFs-A&B. High-resolution XPS spectra of b, e N 1s and c, f F 1s of N, F-MCFs-A&B
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    a CV curves of N, F-MCFs-A; N, F-MCFs-B; N-MCFs-C; and N, F-CFs-D in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH with a scan rate of 10 mV s-1. b LSV curves of N, F-MCFs-A; N, F-MCFs-B; and commercial 20% Pt/C in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH with a scan rate of 10 mV s-1. LSV curves and K-L plots of c, d N, F-MCFs-A and e, f N, F-MCFs-B. g Percentage of H2O2 yield and electron transfer number (n) of N, F-MCFs-A. h LSV curves of N, F-MCFs-A with and without 10 mM NaCN in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH with a scan rate of 10 mV s-1
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    a CV curves of N, F-MCFs-A and Pt/C 20% in O2-saturated 0.5 M H2SO4 with a scan rate of 10 mV s-1. b LSV curves and c K–L plots of N, F-MCFs-A in O2-saturated 0.5 M H2SO4 with a scan rate of 10 mV s-1
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    a Current-time (i-t) chronoamperometric response of N, F-MCFs-A and Pt/C 20% in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH at a rotating rate of 1600 rpm for 10,000 s. b CV curves of N, F-MCFs-A and c Pt/C 20% with and without 3 wt% CH3OH in 0.1 M KOH

• In-situ Preparation of Bimetal Co-doped Mesoporous Graphitic Carbon Nitride with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity

  Wanbao Wu1, Zhaohui Ruan2, Junzhuo Li1, Yudong Li1, Yanqiu Jiang1,*, Xianzhu Xu1, Defeng Li1, Yuan Yuan2,*, Kaifeng Lin1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 10
  First Online: 23 January 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0236-y

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    XRD patterns of P-CN, Co-CN-5, Mo-MCN-2, and Co/Mo-MCN composites
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    a Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms and b corresponding pore size distribution curves of P-CN, Co-CN-5, Mo-MCN-2, and Co/Mo-MCN
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    TEM images of a, b P-CN and c, d Co/Mo-MCN-5
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    SEM images of a P-CN, b Co-CN-5, c Mo-MCN-2, d Co/Mo-MCN-5, e–h elemental mapping for Co/Mo-MCN-5
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    XPS spectra of a C1s, b N1s, c Mo3d, and d Co2p for Co/Mo-MCN-5
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    a Photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of as-prepared materials, b cyclic test of photocatalytic H2 evolution by Co/Mo-MCN-5, c Photocatalytic activities of RhB degradation for as-materials and d cyclic test of RhB degradation by Co/Mo-MCN-5
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    a UV−Vis absorption spectra of P-CN, Co-CN-5, Mo-MCN-2, and Co/Mo-MCN-5, b Mott–Schottky plots of P-CN and Co/Mo-MCN-5, c transient photocurrent responses, and d photoluminescence spectra of P-CN, Co-CN-5, and Co/Mo-MCN-5
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    Crystal structure of a P-CN, b Co-CN, and c Mo-CN, and charge density difference of d Co-CN and e Mo-CN
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    Band structure of a PCN, b Mo-CN, and c Co-CN
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    Optical absorption coefficient of PCN, Co-CN, and Mo-CN
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    a Simulation model of Mo-MCN. D represents mesopores of sizes ranging from 10 to 50 nm, and electric field intensity distribution in x–y plane for b P-CN, c Mo-MCN, and x–z plane for d P-CN, and e Mo-MCN
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    Photocatalytic mechanism scheme of Co/Mo-MCN under visible light irradiation

Most Viewed articles are updated on a monthly basis. Below are the journal’s Top 10 most viewed over the last 6 months.

• Boosting Sodium Storage of Fe1-xS/MoS2 Composite via Heterointerface Engineering

  Song Chen1, 2, Shaozhuan Huang2, Junping Hu2, Shuang Fan1, 2, Yang Shang2, Mei Er Pam2, Xiaoxia Li2, Ye Wang4, Tingting Xu4, Yumeng Shi1, 3, *, Hui Ying Yang2, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 80
  First Online: 23 September 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0311-z

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    a Schematic illustration of the synthesis process for Fe1-xS/MoS2 nanocomposite. b XRD pattern and c high-resolution XPS spectra (Fe 2p, Mo 3d, and S 2p) of Fe1-xS/MoS2 composite. d SEM, e TEM and f HRTEM images of Fe1-xS/MoS2 composite. (g) Element mappings of the Fe1-xS/MoS2 composite
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    a CV curves of Fe1-xS/MoS2 composite electrode for the first five cycles. b Galvanostatic charge-discharge profiles of Fe1-xS/MoS2 composite electrode at 100 mA g-1. c Cycling performance at 100 mA g-1. d Rate capability at various current densities. e Galvanostatic charge-discharge profiles of Fe1-xS/MoS2 composite electrode at various current densities. f The comparison of the rate capability with other iron sulfide-based anode materials previously reported [9, 12-14, 38, 55, 56]. g Long-term cycling performance at 1.0 A g-1
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    Kinetic analysis of sodium storage behavior for Fe1-xS/MoS2 composite. a Linear relationship between log (i) and log (v). b Capacitive and diffusion-controlled contribution at 1.0 mV s-1. c Normalized contribution ratio of capacitive capacities at different scan rates. d In situ EIS spectra evolution at different charge/discharge potentials. e First charge/discharge profile at 100 mA g-1 with labeled points for EIS. f EIS spectra after different cycles. g GITT curve. h The corresponding Na+ diffusion coefficient at different discharge/charge state of Fe1-xS/MoS2 composite and pure Fe1-xS electrodes
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    a Contour plots of in situ XRD results and b selected diffraction patterns of Fe1-xS/MoS2 composite electrode during the first sodiation/desodiation process
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    a Schematic illustration of Fe1-xS/MoS2 interface. b The diffusion barrier profiles of Na on Fe1-xS surface and Fe1-xS/MoS2 interface. c Proposed schematic atomistic models of the illustrated reaction mechanism for Fe1-xS/MoS2 heterostructure during the sodiation and desodiation process

• Ultrathin and Flexible CNTs/MXene/Cellulose Nanofibrils Composite Paper for Highly Efficient Electromagnetic Interference Shielding in X-Band

  Wentao Cao1,2, Chang Ma2, Shuo Tan1, Mingguo Ma2, *, Pengbo Wan3, *, Feng Chen1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 72
  First Online: 07 September 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0304-y

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    a Schematic illustrating the fabrication of CMC GS composite paper. b Digital image, c XPS spectra, and d TEM image of Ti3C2 MXene. e Digital image, and f, g TEM images of CNTs. h Digital image, i FTIR spectra, and j TEM image of CNFs. k-m Digital images of the as-prepared CMC GS composite paper
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    a XPS survey spectrum of the pure Ti3C2 paper and Ti3C2-CNTs composite paper. b XRD patterns of the Ti3C2-CNTs composite paper with different Ti3C2 content. c, d N2 sorption/desorption isotherms and pore size distribution curves of pure Ti3C2 paper and Ti3C2-CNTs composite paper. e Top-view, and f cross-sectional SEM images of pure Ti3C2 paper. g Top-view, and h cross-sectional SEM images of Ti3C2-CNTs composite paper. i Cross-sectional SEM and EDS mapping images of CMC GS composite paper
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    a Tensile stress-strain curves of the pure Ti3C2 MXene, CMC mixture, and CMC GS composite paper b SEM image and the corresponding EDS map of the fracture surface of CMC GS composite paper. c Schematic illustration of the crack-propagation mode of CMC GS composite paper. d, e Electrical resistance variation of CMC GS composite paper with bending test
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    a Digital images of single-layered CNFs, CM-5, CM-10, and CM-15. b Electrical conductivity, and c EMI SE of single-layered CNFs, CM-5, CM-10, and CM-15 in the X-band region. d Comparison of SETotal, SEA, and SER of single-layered CNFs, CM-5, CM-10, and CM-15 at the frequency of 8.2 GHz
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    a The EMI SE of composite paper with different sandwich structure in the X-band. b Comparison of SETotal, SEA, and SER of composite paper with different sandwich structure. c The EMI SE of CM-CNFs-CM composite paper with various CNFs content in the X-band. The d EMI SE, e R, and f A of evenly distributed CM composite paper and two-layered CM composite paper with different gradient structures in the X-band
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    a The EMI SE of randomly mixed CMC paper and CMC GS composite paper in the X-band. b The A of CMC GS composite paper with different gradient structures. c Proposed EMI shielding mechanism of the CMC GS composite paper. d Comparison of the specific EMI shielding effectiveness as a function of thickness. The numbers inside d are sample numbers listed in Table S2

• Augmenting Intrinsic Fenton-like Activities of MOF-derived Catalysts via N-Molecules Assisted Self‐catalyzed Carbonization

  Chengdong Yang1, Mi Zhou1, Chao He2, Yun Gao1, Shuang Li3, Xin Fan1, Yi Lin1, *, Fei Cheng1, Puxin Zhu1, *, Chong Cheng2, 4	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 87
  First Online: 17 October 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0319-4

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    Illustrated formation procedures for the iron(III)-2-aminoterephthalic frameworks (MIL-88B-NH2, MIL = Materials from the Lavoisier Institute) and the resulted CNTs-Fe decorated carbon hybrids (MIL/CNT-Fe), and the corresponding schematic image of Fenton-like reactions towards the organic pollutants
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    SEM images of a MIL-88B-NH2, b MIL-Fe-800, c MIL/CNT-Fe-700, d MIL/CNT-Fe-800, and e MIL/CNT-Fe-900. f SAED patterns for MIL/CNT-Fe-800 (marked in i by red circle and stated by "SAED"). g TEM images of MIL/CNT-Fe-800. h HRTEM images of MIL/CNT-Fe-800. i TEM image of single CNT-Fe structure for MIL/CNT-Fe-800. j EDX mapping of MIL/CNT-Fe-800
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    a PXRD analysis of different samples. b Raman spectra of different samples. c N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of catalysts. d The pore size distributions of MIL/CNT-Fe-800 and MIL-Fe-800 calculated from the adsorption branch of the isotherms by the quenched solid density functional theory (QSDFT) model for spherical pore type. High-resolution e C 1s, f Fe 2p, h N 1s, XPS spectra of MIL/CNT-Fe-800. High-resolution g Fe 2p and i N 1s XPS spectra of MIL-Fe-800
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    a EPR measurements with/without MIL/CNT-Fe-800. b Degradation curves of BPA in different reaction systems. c Degradation rates (%) of BPA with different catalysts in 40 min. d The reaction rate constants of BPA degradation in different reaction systems. e Recycling experiments for BPA degradation using MIL/CNT-Fe-800. f Contrast experiment at solution with different pH values for BPA degradation using MIL/CNT-Fe-800. Reaction conditions: [BPA]=20 mg L-1, [PMS]=0.2 g L-1, catalyst= 0.1 g L-1, T=298 K, initial pH =6
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    a The degradation of MB in different reaction systems. b Degradation rates (%) of MB with different catalysts in 40 min. c Kinetic linear fitting for the removal of MB, d The degradation of TC in different reaction systems. e Degradation rate (%) of TC with different catalysts in 15 min. f Contrast experiment of different pH for TC degradation using MIL/CNT-Fe-800. Reaction conditions: [MB or TC] = 20 mg L-1, [PMS] = 0.2 g L-1, catalyst = 0.1 g L-1, T =298 K, initial pH = 6
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    a SEM image of O-MIL/CNT-Fe-800. b SEM image of O-MIL-Fe-800. c Contrast experiment of iron oxide for BPA degradation. d Degradation rate (%) of BPA with different catalysts in 40 min

• Ultra-high Mass-loading Cathode for Aqueous Zinc-ion Battery Based on Graphene-wrapped Aluminum Vanadate Nanobelts

  Wenyu Zhang1, Shuquan Liang1, 2, *, Guozhao Fang1, Yongqiang Yang1, Jiang Zhou1, 2, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 69
  First Online: 26 August 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0300-2

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    a XRD pattern, b SEM image, c TEM image, d HRTEM images with SAED pattern and TEM-EDS element mappings, and e high-resolution XPS spectra with Al and V elements of HAVO@G
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    a CV curves at a scan rate of 0.1 mV s-1 for HAVO@G; b Cycling performances at a current density of 2 A g-1 of HAVO and HAVO@G; c Galvanostatic charge-discharge curve at 1 A g-1 for HAVO@G; d Rate capability at 1–10 A g-1 of HAVO@G; e Cycling performance at 2 A g-1 of HAVO@G with high areal loading
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    a CV curves at 0.1–1.2 mV s-1 for HAVO@G; b log(i) vs. log(v) plots at specific peak currents ina; c CV curve with the calculated pseudocapacitive fraction shown by the shaded area at 1 mV s-1, and d bar chart showing the percent of calculated pseudocapacitive contribution at 0.1–1.2 mV s-1
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    Charge-discharge curves in the galvanostatic intermittence titration techniques (GITT) measurements (above) and corresponding Zn2+ diffusion coefficient at different discharge/charge state (below) of HAVO@G
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    a Ex-situ XRD patterns and corresponding GCD curves at 0.1 A g-1, b-d High-resolution XPS spectra of Zn 2p, V 2p, and Al 2p in pristine, fully discharged, and charged states, e TEM images, HRTEM images with SEAD patterns, and TEM-EDX element mapping images in fully discharged (above) and charged (below) states of HAVO@G. ZOHVO represents Zn3(OH)2V2O7·2H2O

• A New Free-standing Aqueous Zinc-ion Capacitor Based on MnO2-CNTs Cathode and MXene Anode

  Siliang Wang1, 2, Qiang Wang1, 2, Wei Zeng1, 2, *, Min Wang1, 2, Limin Ruan1, 2, Yanan Ma3, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 70
  First Online: 26 August 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0301-1

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    Schematic diagram of the ZIC and fabrication procedure of the free-standing electrodes. a Schematic diagram of the ZIC: MnO2-CNTs serves as the cathode, MXene serves as the anode, 2 M ZnSO4 and 0.1 M MnSO4 serves as the electrolyte. b Fabrication procedure of the free-standing MnO2-CNTs cathode and MXene anode
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    Characterization of the MnO2-CNTs battery-type cathode and MXene capacitor-type anode. a SEM image, b HRTEM image, and c XRD pattern of the MnO2 NWs. d TEM image of the MXene nanosheets, inset is the corresponding SAED. e Elemental mapping images of the MXene nanosheets. f XRD patterns of MAX and MXene. SEM images of g MnO2-CNTs and h MXene electrodes, insets are the corresponding cross-sectional SEM images, respectively. i Photographs of the free-standing MnO2-CNTs and MXene electrodes
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    Electrochemical performance of the MnO2-CNTs and MXene electrodes. a GCD curves with various current densities of the optimum MnO2-CNTs electrode. b Specific capacitance vs. current density of the MnO2-CNTs electrodes with various CNTs to MnO2 weight ratios. c CV curves with various scan rates of the optimum MnO2-CNTs electrode. d log (i) vs. log (v) plots of the current response at the voltages of 1.695 V and 1.252 V. e CV curves of the MXene electrodes (various mass loadings) and MnO2-CNTs cathode at a scan rate of 5 mV s-1. f, g CV curves with various scan rates, h GCD curves with various current densities and i specific capacitance vs. current density of the MXene anode
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    Electrochemical performance of the ZIC in the aqueous liquid electrolyte. a, b CV curves with various scan rates, c GCD curves with various current densities, d specific capacitance vs. scan rate, e energy and power density plot, f Nyquist plot (inset is a fitted circuit diagram), g GCD curves of the first and last 10 cycles and h cycle life and Coulombic efficiency of the ZIC
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    Electrochemical performance and flexibility of the ZIC in the aqueous gel electrolyte. a, b CV curves, c GCD curves and d energy and power density plot (inset shows a LED drove brightly by a single ZIC) of the ZIC. e GCD curves of a single ZIC (A, B) and ZICs connected in series and in parallel. f Schematic diagram of the flexible display of the ZIC. g CV curves at a scan rate of 10 mV s-1, h GCD curves at a current density of 0.415 A g-1 and i Nyquist plot of the ZIC bent from 0° to 150°

• Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Encased Bimetallic Selenide for High-Performance Water Electrolysis

  Junhui Cao1, Kexin Wang1, Jiayi Chen1, Chaojun Lei1, Bin Yang1, Zhongjian Li1, Lecheng Lei1, Yang Hou1, 2, 3, *, Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov4	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 67
  First Online: 08 August 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0299-4

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    a Synthetic scheme of EG/(Co, Ni)Se2-NC hybrid and b simulation of 2-MIm evaporation and diffusion process
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    a, b FESEM images of EG/CoNi-LDH and EG/(Co, Ni)Se2-NC; c, d TEM and HRTEM images of EG/(Co, Ni)Se2-NC; e SAED pattern of EG/(Co, Ni)Se2-NC; f EDX and elemental mapping of analyzed elements: C, N, Co, Ni, and Se
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    a XRD pattern of EG/(Co, Ni)Se2-NC; b-f high-resolution XPS spectra of Co 2p, Ni 2p, N 1s, C 1s, and Se 3d in EG/(Co, Ni)Se2-NC
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    a Polarization curves, b overpotential plots at 10 mA cm-2, c Tafel slopes, d EIS spectra of EG/(Co, Ni)Se2-NC, EG/(Co, Ni)Se2, EG/CoSe-NC, EG/Ni3Se2, and Ir/C; e polarization curves of EG/(Co, Ni)Se2-NC before and after CV cycles scanning; inset: chronoamperometric E-t plot at 20 mA cm-2; f Cdl plots of EG/(Co, Ni)Se2-NC, EG/(Co, Ni)Se2, EG/CoSe-NC, and EG/Ni3Se2
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    a Raman spectrum of EG/(Co, Ni)Se2-NC; b in-situ electrochemical Raman spectra of EG/(Co, Ni)Se2-NC, potential ranges from 1.2 to 1.6 V; c high-resolution XPS spectrum of Co 2p in EG/(Co, Ni)Se2-NC after OER; d high-resolution XPS spectrum of Ni 2p in EG/(Co, Ni)Se2-NC after OER test

• Drug Nanorod-Mediated Intracellular Delivery of microRNA-101 for Self-sensitization via Autophagy Inhibition

  Xiaofei Xin1, Xiaoqing Du1, Qingqing Xiao1, Helena S. Azevedo2, Wei He1, *, Lifang Yin1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 82
  First Online: 25 September 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0310-0

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    Design and proposed an active mechanism of autophagy inhibition and self-sensitization. (1) Preparation of HA-coated miR-101/PNs complexes (HA-PNplex): miR-101 is condensed on the PNs, followed by HA coating. (2) HA-PNplex is administered via intravenous injection (i.v.), accumulate in the tumor site, and (3) enter cancer cells through CD44-receptor-mediated caveolar endocytosis. (4) HA-PNplex release miR-101 and PTX, with miR-101 suppressing the autophagy (5) and, in turn, sensitizing the cancer cells (6) to the anti-tumor carriers, PNs
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    Preparation and characterization. Size distributions of a PNs and c PNplex. b Gel electrophoresis of PNplex with different mass ratios of stabilizer (CLG)/miR-101. d Particle size, PDI and zeta potential () of HA-PNplex with different mass ratios of CLG/miR-101/HA. e Size distribution and f TEM image of HA-PNplex from the optimized formulation
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    Intracellular delivery of miR-101 and in vitro inhibition of autophagic flux. a miR-101 expression in MCF-7 cells with PTX concentration of 10 μg mL-1 or a miR-101 at concentration of 100 nM after 24 h incubation at 37 °C as determined using PCR assay (n = 3, #P < 0.001 and **P < 0.01). b–h In vitro inhibition of autophagic flux. b CLSM images showing the autophagy flux in mRFP/EGFP-MCF-7 cells with PTX concentration of 10 μg mL-1 or a miR-101 at concentration of 100 nM after 24 h incubation at 37 °C. The green fluorescence is negatively correlated with the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. The yellow fluorescence indicates the absent fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. c Quantitative mRFP/EGFP ratio determined by flow cytometry (n = 3, *P < 0.05). d LC3II and e p62 mRNA expression level in MCF-7 cells assessed using PCR assay (n = 3, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and #P < 0.001). f LC3I, LC3II and p62 expression level in MCF-7 cells determined using the WB assay. Quantitative analysis of g LC3II/LC3I ratio and h p62 based on WB assay (n = 3, #P < 0.001 and *P < 0.05). The internal control for normalizing protein expression was GADPH. Formulations: 1, saline; 2, CLG; 3, naked miR-101; 4, PEI; 5, PEI/miR-101 complexes (PEIplex); 6, Taxol; 7, PNs; 8, PNplex; 9, HA-PNplex; 10, BFA+PNplex; 11, BFA+ HA-PNplex
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    In vitro apoptosis. Percentage of cell apoptosis in MCF-7 cells induced by diverse formulations after 48 h incubation at a fixed PTX concentration of 10 μg mL-1 or miR-101 at 100 nM at 37 °C as determined by flow cytometry (n = 3, **P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and #P < 0.001)
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    Antitumor efficiency. Different formulations (0.2 mL) were injected into MCF-7 tumor-bearing nude Balb/C mice via tail vein every 3 days at a PTX dose of 10 mg kg-1 and miR-101 dose of 1 mg kg-1, according to the animal’s body weight. On day 16 at the end of the experiment, the tumor tissues were collected for further examination. a Representative images of the tumors collected from mice at the end of the experiment. b Tumor growth curves (n = 6, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and #P < 0.001). c Tumor weight after treatment with the various formulations (n = 6, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and #P < 0.001). Quantitative analysis of d cell proliferation and e apoptosis (n = 3, *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01)
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    In vivo miR-101 expression and inhibition of autophagy flux. a miR-101 expression level in tumor was determined by PCR assay (n = 3, **P < 0.01 and #P < 0.001). The tumors were collected from mice on day 16 at the end of the experiment. b–h In vivo inhibition of autophagy flux. At the end of the experiment for antitumor efficiency, the tumor tissues were isolated. b LC3II and c p62 mRNA expression level in tumor determined by PCR assay (n = 3, *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01). d LC3I, LC3II and p62 expression level in tumor determined using the WB assay. Formulations: 1, saline; 2, CLG; 3, naked miR-101; 4, PEI; 5, PEI/plex; 6, Taxol; 7, PNs; 8, PNplex; 9, HA-PNplex. The internal control for normalizing protein expression was GADPH. Quantitative analysis of e LC3II/I ratio and f p62 in tumor (n = 3, **P < 0.01 and *P < 0.05). The immunohistochemistry quantification of g LC3II and h p62 in the tumors (n = 3, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and #P < 0.001)

• Graphene Nanostructure-based Tactile Sensors for Electronic Skin Applications

  Pei Miao1, 2, †, Jian Wang1, †, Congcong Zhang1, †,*, Mingyuan Sun1, Shanshan Cheng3, *, Hong Liu1, 4, *	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 71
  First Online: 04 September 2019 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0302-0

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    Typical capacitance-type tactile sensors with graphene as electrodes. a Schematic diagram of the fabrication processes for different conformal graphene electrodes and SEM images of three kinds of graphene films derived from PMMA-based, ultraviolet-curable adhesive-mediated, and microconformal transfer methods. b Illustration of a capacitive pressure sensor based on MGrE, a schematic diagram of the sensing mechanisms and grasping with the proposed pressure sensor.
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    Typical crosstalk-free, multipoint recognition of flexible, and transparent capacitive graphene-based tactile sensors. a Schematic illustration of the sensor array composed of graphene-patterned top and bottom PET layers, PDMS insulator, and SU-8 spacers. b Schematic illustration of the 3 × 3 tactile cell array and the finite element analysis result for deflection of the top layer under 8 kPa applied to the center of cell-O. c Schematic diagram illustrating the concept of a graphene-based capacitive sensor. The sensor consists of three layers. The top and bottom layers are composed of patterned graphene electrodes on a PET film substrate. d Optical images of stretchable devices mounted on a palm for remote controlling the toy car. Inset of each image shows relative capacitance changes for spread (left) and grip (right) statuses of the hand.
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    Versatile graphene and its derivatives are used to fabricate multifunctional capacitance-type tactile sensors. a Schematic diagram showing the four pixels (2×2) of the multimodal E-skin sensor, which were capable of mapping three individual stimuli including humidity, temperature and pressure. b Black-and-white maps of the calculated sensitivities of the three sensors during the finger pressing event (top), and a 2D color map of the distributions of the corresponding temperatures (blue), humidity (red), and pressures (green). c Schematic of the loading–unloading cycle for the pressure sensor with GO foam as a dielectric material. d Transient response to the placement and removal of several ultrasmall weights in the GO foam-based sensor. Inset: a petal on the sensor. e The pressure response to the strawberry. Insert: Bird’s eye view of the strawberry standing on the sensor arrays.
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    Typical 1D graphene architectures used for piezoresistive pressure sensors. a Photograph of a graphene fiber with a PDMS support. b SEM image of the cross-sectional view of a graphene/PDMS hollow tubing after Ni removal. c FESEM image of the randomly stacked electrospun nanofibers. d Schematic showing the pressure response measurement of the sensor in bending and response curves when bent to a radius of 180 µm for different substrate thicknesses. e Tested pressure response of the device in the bent state and the response of the device fabricated on a 1.4-µm-thick PET substrate for bending radii from 15 mm to 80 µm for different normal forces. f Photograph of an integrated sensor array attached to the surface of a soft balloon, to which a pressure was applied by a pinching motion (top panel). Measured pressure data distribution under complex bending, showing no pressure signal from deformation, such as wrinkling (bottom panel).
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    2D graphene films obtained by CVD used for piezoresistive pressure sensors. a Schematic illustration of the fabrication procedure of a tactile sensor composed of 2D graphene films and a PET substrate. b Optical photograph of an ultrathin, transparent and flexible tactile sensor. Inset: The geometric dimension of the sensor. c Sensitivity of the device to longitudinal displacement at different axial distances of 5, 10, 15, and 20 mm.
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    Modification and microstructure of CVD 2D graphene can further improve sensing performance of the devices. a Schematic representation of the plasma surface modification of a graphene sheet by NH3/Ar plasma. Nitrogen atoms are expected to substitute the carbon atoms in the form of pyridinic-N, pyrrolic-N, and graphitic-N configurations. b Relative change in resistance upon applied tensile strain for the fabricated sensors using the untreated graphene and plasma-treated graphene sheet. c An optical image of the boundary between the single-layer graphene channel and the graphene flake thin-film electrode. Inset: Optical image of the entire device. d The resistance changes with tensile strain from 0 to 20%. The gauge factor is estimated at 42.2 for x-directional strain and 71.4 for y-directional strain with a rough linear fit. Insets show the schematics of force and measurement directions.
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    2D graphene films obtained by a solution fabrication process and used for piezoresistive pressure sensors. a The generated and enlarged scaled cracks under minor strain (left). The magnified SEM image of generated and enlarged scaled cracks under minor strain (right). b The strain sensor can meet the demands of subtle, large and complex human motion monitoring.
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    Schematic of the fabrication procedures of a 3D graphene material with a sponge as a template. a Preparation route for RGO/PU (or PVC) sponges and their multidimensional sensor applications. b The fabrication procedures of the flexible tactile sensor array using PU as a template.
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    The mechanism and application of 3D graphene materials with sponges as template-based tactile sensors. a SEM images of the MWCNT/RGO@PU-5C sponges with nanogaps, microcracks and fractured skeletons (The top panel). Schematic of the MWNT-RGO flake-wrapped PU foam with the magnified image of its individual skeleton at three stages, without pressure, at low pressure, and at high pressure (The bottom panel). b Real-time response of the MWNT-RGO@PU piezoresistive sensor for various small-scale motion monitoring applications was studied using the throat while pronouncing different words.
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    Typical paradigms for 3D graphene materials with paper as the template used for tactile sensing. a Tissue paper with RGO. b SEM photo of the tissue paper sensor at high magnification. c Applications for various intense motion detections.
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    3D graphene materials with other polymer porous materials as templates used for tactile sensing. a Photograph of both electrodes on a brachioradialis muscle and on biceps brachii muscle for electromyogram measurement. b Experimental setup of the tuning fork vibration test and a schematic of the test circuit for the graphene film/PDMS sensor. c Photo of the piezoelectric ceramic transducer test.
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    3D graphene materials with metal porous materials as templates used for tactile sensing. a Schematic process for fabricating pressure and strain sensors with the graphene porous network structure. b Signal variations in relative resistance corresponding to different walking/bending states and wrist blood pressure.
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    Typical 3D graphene structures via surfactant-assisted self-assembly used for tactile sensors. a Schematic illustration of the fabrication process of 3D microporous polystyrene/graphene aerogels. b Illustrations of the preparation of a sparkling graphene block. c Photograph of a sparkling graphene block bent to 180° (left) and real-time images from a high-speed camera showing that the sparkling graphene block can rapidly bounce a steel ball. d The as-fabricated tactile sensor as a promising candidate for wearable devices.
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    A novel method to obtain 3D graphene structures by using high-internal-phase emulsion (HIPE) as a template. a Schematic illustration of the procedure for fabricating the RGO@PolyHIPE foams via HIPE polymerization, optical microscopy images, and SEM images of the foam. b Relative change in the sensor’s current and pressure curves. The inset shows the relative current change in a small pressure range below 140 Pa (left). Comparison of the detection limit of minimum pressure and the responsive pressure range between the sensor described in the current work and previously reported sensors (right).
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    Bioinspired hierarchical graphene structures as active layers for pressure detection. a SEM image of hierarchically structured graphene/PDMS array. Inset is a magnified image of an individual structure. Platinum sputtering was omitted prior to the SEM imaging; a clear SEM image implies that the sample surface was fully covered with conducting graphene. b Photographs (insets) and optical micrographs of the RGO coating on PDMS after exposure to a high temperature. c Picture of a human hand and partial enlargement (inset), and the schematic diagram of sandwich ultrasensitive pressure sensors based on the skin-like wrinkle film (top panel). SEM images showing the morphology of a skin-like wrinkle film (bottom panel). d Schematic illustration showing the structure of the 3D graphene film containing a continuous graphene film and closely packed concentric hexagonal graphene nanoribbon rings. Picture of a fingertip and its fingerprint. In addition, SEM image of a 3D graphene film on a SiO2/Si substrate.
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    Microstructures inspired from animal and plant organs provide interesting ideas for the preparation of active materials for graphene-based tactile sensors. a Comparison of the surface topographies between a Shar-Pei dog’s skin and RGO crumples by using Canny edge detection. b Continuum surgical robots with the as-fabricated pressure sensor for the collision-aware the transoral robotic surgery procedure.
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    Graphene combined with inorganic functional materials to enhance the sensing performance of piezoresistive devices. a SEM images at different magnifications of a graphene-amorphous carbon hierarchical foam and graphene foam. b Five ultralight graphene-amorphous carbon hierarchical foam pieces with sizes of 20 × 20 × 3 mm3 stacked on the corolla of dandelion, and different simulated stress dispersion statuses of graphene foam and graphene-amorphous carbon hierarchical foam tube walls under the same line load.
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    Typical paradigms concerning graphene combined with polymers to enhance the sensing performance of piezoresistive devices. a Schematic illustration of the mechanism for the formation of PVDF fibers coated by RGO nanosheets, followed by electrostatic interactions. b Top view of the metal letters “C”, “A”, “S” positioned over the pressure sensor array and the current map of pressure distributions. c Photograph of the device loaded on two wrists for testing blood pressure through near-surface arteries. d The multifunctional E-skins attached on a hand, wrist and throat to monitor biosignals.
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    A representative graphene/polymer tactile sensor obtained by taking advantage of the amphiphilicity of GO. a Schematic of the fabrication of a flexible piezoresistive sensor. b Various practical applications, including a biomonitoring capability, loading tiny objects, and monitoring various human movement behaviors.
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    A representative graphene tactile sensors based on FET devices. a Schematic images of pressure-sensitive graphene FETs with air-dielectric layers before and after folding. The air-dielectric layer is placed between the graphene channel and the gate electrode, as illustrated in the schematic image (inset). b Schematic illustrations for the pressure-sensing mechanism using an air-dielectric graphene FET. c Integration of a graphene/MoS2 device with a smartphone to acquire and transfer the electronic data of human motion by Bluetooth communication.
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    High-performance sensing devices by combining a FET with a triboelectric nanogenerator. a Schematic diagram of the graphene tribotronic device. b Characterization of the graphene tribotronic touch sensor. c Energy band diagram of the tribotronic GFET device in contact with poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and Cu.

• Direct Patterning of Carbon Nanotube via Stamp Contact Printing Process for Stretchable and Sensitive Sensing devices

  Binghao Liang1, Zian Zhang1, Wenjun Chen1, Dongwei Lu1, Leilei Yang1, Rongliang Yang1, Hai Zhu2, Zikang Tang3, Xuchun Gui1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 92
  First Online: 23 October 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0323-8

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    Schematic of the fabricating process and as-prepared samples of CNT films by stamp method. a Schematic illustration of the fabricating process. b Photograph of the CNT seal and stone seal. c Photograph of the CNT block. d SEM image of CNT block. e SEM image of the CNT film on Ecoflex substrate. f Transferred CNT film with an “S” pattern
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    Characterization of the electrical properties of CNT films. The sheet resistance of the transferred CNT films a at different stamp pressure, b at different stamp number of times. c The change of sheet resistance of the CNT film after ultrasonic washing at different time. Electric stability of CNT film d during 1,000 cycles stretching under strain of 50%, e during 1,000 cycles under bending (180 degrees), f during 1,000 cycles twisting (90 degrees)
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    Sensing properties of CNT-based strain sensors. a Relative resistance response of CNT-based strain sensors versus applied strain. b Gauge factor of CNT-based strain sensors versus applied strain. c Relative resistance change verse applied strain over 5,000 cycles. d Relative resistance change verse applied strain with increasing maximum strain from 10% to 70%. e Hysteresis curves of the stretch/release cycles under different maximum applied strain. f Comparison on gauge factor (GF) and maximum strain between our strain sensors and the recently reported strain sensors, which constructed by different conductive materials, including MXene [50], Silk fiber [17], Cu Nanowires (NWs) mesh [47], Au NWs [46], Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) [9], SWCNT/hydrogel [45], graphene woven microfabrics [49], graphene-gold mesh [48], Ag Nanoparticles (NPs)/Ag NWs [51], and PEDOT:PSS [52]
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    Transferred CNT films with different patterns and their electromechanical properties. a Optical camera images of wavy CNT strip with different wavenumbers. b Transferred CNT film with different mesh structures. c The different pattern of CNT network including an interdigital electrode, characters and strips with different line width. d The resistance of CNT strips with different line width. e Electromechanical properties of the strain sensor with different wave number pattern. f Electromechanical properties of the strain sensor with different direction mesh pattern
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    Several applications of CNT-based strain sensor. a Resistance response of finger motion. b Resistance response of wrist motion. c Monitoring the movement of a robot knee. d The pulse signal of a volunteer. e Detection of human breath though a mask. f Resistance response of tiny change of air pressure. g Monitoring the human voice with the word “Carbon”. h Monitoring the human voice with the word “Nanotube”. i Monitoring the human voice with the word “Graphene”

• CNT/High Mass Loading MnO2/Graphene-grafted Carbon Cloth Electrodes for High-energy Asymmetric Supercapacitors

  Lulu Lyu1, Kwang-dong Seong1, Jong Min Kim1, Wang Zhang2, Xuanzhen Jin1, Dae Kyom Kim1, Youngmoo Jeon1, Jeongmin Kang1,a Yuanzhe Piao1, 3, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 88
  First Online: 17 October 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0316-7

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    Schematic illustration of the preparation procedure of the CNT/MnO2/GCC electrode
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    a SEM image of GCC. b Nitrogen adsorption isotherms of GCC and ECC. c Low-, and d high-resolution SEM images of CNT/MnO2-25/GCC electrodes
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    a TEM image, b HRTEM image, and c EDX elemental mapping of the CNT/MnO2-25/GCC electrode. d XRD spectra, and e Raman spectra of GCC and CNT/MnO2-25/GCC electrodes. f XPS spectrum of Mn 2p peak of the CNT/MnO2-25/GCC electrode
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    a CV curves at a scan rate of 5 mV s-1 within a potential window from 0 to 1 V, b GCD curves at a current density of 1 mA cm-2, and c areal capacitances at different current densities from 1 to 30 mA cm-2 of GCC, CNT/MnO2-25/ECC, and CNT/MnO2-25/GCC electrodes. d Nyquist plots of CNT/MnO2-25/ECC and CNT/MnO2-25/GCC electrodes. Insert: the fitted equivalent circuit. Rs, Rct, W, and Cdl denote as equivalent series resistance, charge transfer resistance, Warburg diffusion impedance, and electrochemical double-layer capacitance, respectively. e Capacitive contribution (grey region) to the total charge storage at 1 mV s-1, and f Capacitive (red) and diffusion-controlled (green) contribution versus scan rates of the CNT/MnO2-25/GCC electrode. g Capacitance comparison of the CNT/MnO2-25/GCC electrode with previous reports. MnO2/carbon fiber paper, MnO2/CNT/carbon tape, MnO2/CNT film, MnO2/anodic aluminum oxide (AAO), MnO2/Ni nanorod array, MnO2/Ni foil, MnO2/CC. h The schematic illustration of the CNT/MnO2-25/GCC structure
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    The electrochemical performance of the quasi-solid-state flexible ASC. a Schematic illustration of the assembled ASC. b CV curves of the cathode and anode at 5 mV s-1. c CV curves at various voltage windows at 5 mV s-1. d CV curves at different scan rates from 5 to 80 mV s-1. e CV curves and capacitance retentions at different bending angles. f GCD profiles at different current densities from 2 to 15 mA cm-2. g Areal and volumetric capacitances at different current densities. h Cycling stability at 15 mA cm-2 upon 10000 cycles. Insets: five LEDs and a temperature/humidity indicator powered by the ASC device.
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    Ragone plots about volumetric energy density and power density of this ASC and other devices with high mass loading of active materials from previous reports. MnOx//graphene, Fe2O3//Fe2O3, graphene//MnO2//activated carbon (AC), polypyrrole(Ppy)/MnO2//AC, MnOx//VOx, MnO2//WO3, MnO2//activated carbon cloth (ACC), MnO2//Fe2O3, MnO2//Ppy, and NiOx//FeOx