Lu Wang1, Junwei Han1, Debin Kong2,*, Ying Tao1, Quan-Hong Yang1,*
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1Nanoyang Group, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China 2CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
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Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 5
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First Online: 10 January 2019 (Review)
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DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0233-1
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*Corresponding author. E-mail: qhyangcn@tju.edu.cn (Quan-Hong Yang); kongdb@nanoctr.cn (Debin Kong) |
Abstract
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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which are high-energy-density and low-safety-risk secondary batteries, are underpin to the rise in electrochemical energy-storage devices that satisfy the urgent demands of the global energy-storage market. With the aim of achieving high-energy-density and fast-charging performance, the exploitation of simple and low-cost approaches for the production of high-capacity, high-density, high-mass-loading, and kinetically ion-accessible electrodes that maximize charge storage and transport in LIBs, is a critical need. Toward the construction of high-performance electrodes, carbons are promisingly used in the enhanced roles of active materials, electrochemical reaction frameworks for high-capacity noncarbons, and lightweight current collectors. Here, we review recent advances in the carbon engineering of electrodes for excellent electrochemical performance and structural stability, which is enabled by assembled carbon architectures that guarantee sufficient charge delivery and volume-fluctuation buffering inside the electrode during cycling. Some specific feasible assembly methods, synergism between structural-design components of carbon assemblies, and electrochemical-performance enhancement are highlighted. The precise design of carbon cages by the assembly of graphene units is potentially useful for the controlled preparation of high-capacity carbon caged noncarbon anodes with volumetric capacities over 2,100 mAh cm–3. Finally, insights are given on the prospects and challenges for designing carbon architectures for practical LIBs that simultaneously provide high energy densities (both gravimetric and volumetric) and high rate performance.
Keywords
Lithium-ion battery; Carbon architecture; Energy density; Power density; Assembly
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